美术专业英语词汇与术语手册

美术专业英语词汇与术语手册I.BasicConceptsandElements1.1.Line-Outline:Theboundarydefiningtheshapeofanobject.-Contour:Thevisibleedgeofanobject,oftenusedindrawingtodefineform.-Gestureline:Aquick,expressivelinecapturingtheessenceofasubject.-Hatching:Parallellinesusedtocreateshading.-Cross-hatching:Overlappinglinestoachievedeepershadows.1.2.Shape-Form:Athree-dimensionalobjectortheillusionofone.-Geometricshape:Perfectlyregularshapes(e.g.,circle,square).-Organicshape:Irregular,naturalforms(e.g.,clouds,leaves).-Positiveshape:Theareaoccupiedbyanobject.-Negativeshape:Thespacesurroundinganobject.1.3.Color-Hue:Theactualcolor(e.g.,red,blue).-Value:Lightnessordarknessofacolor.-Saturation:Intensityorpurityofacolor.-Chroma:Anothertermforsaturation.-Complementarycolors:Colorsoppositeeachotheronthecolorwheel(e.g.,blueandorange).-Analogouscolors:Colorsnexttoeachotheronthecolorwheel(e.g.,blue,blue-green,green).-Triadiccolors:Threeevenlyspacedcolorsonthewheel(e.g.,red,yellow,blue).-Coolcolors:Blue,green,purple(calmingeffect).-Warmcolors:Red,orange,yellow(energizingeffect).-Neutralcolors:Black,white,gray,brown.-Tint:Addingwhitetoacolor.-Shade:Addingblacktoacolor.-Tone:Addinggraytoacolor.1.4.Texture-Tactiletexture:Canbephysicallyfelt.-Visualtexture:Theillusionoftexture.-Smooth:Even,withoutbumps.-Rough:Uneven,withdistinctirregularities.-Pattern:Repeatedarrangementofelements.1.5.Space-Positivespace:Theareaoccupiedbyobjects.-Negativespace:Theareaaroundobjects.-Depth:Theillusionofthree-dimensionality.-Perspective:Creatingdepthonatwo-dimensionalsurface.-Linearperspective:Usingconverginglines.-Atmosphericperspective:Fadingcolorsanddetailswithdistance.II.ArtisticTechniquesandMedia2.1.Drawing-Pencil:Graphite-based,versatileforsketchingandshading.-Charcoal:Blackorwhite,smudgableforexpressivemarks.-Penandink:Finelines,suitablefordetailedwork.-Pastel:Softsticks,blendableforsmoothtransitions.-Conté:Hard,smoothsticks,similartopencilbutmoreintense.-Hatching:Parallellinesforshading.-Cross-hatching:Overlappinglinesfordepth.-Stippling:Smalldotstocreatetexture.-Scribbling:Random,abstractmarks.2.2.Painting-Oilpaint:Durable,slow-drying,richintexture.-Acrylicpaint:Fast-drying,water-soluble,versatile.-Watercolor:Transparent,layerable,reliesonlight.-Gouache:Opaquewatercolor,morepigmentthanwater.-Tempera:Fast-dryingpigmentmixedwitheggyolk.-Fresco:Paintappliedtowetplaster.-Glazing:Thin,transparentlayersfordepth.-Impasto:Thickpaintapplicationfortexture.2.3.Sculpture-Carving:Removingmaterial(e.g.,wood,stone).-Modeling:Addingmaterial(e.g.,clay,wax).-casting:Moldingmaterialaroundaform(e.g.,bronze,resin).-Assemblage:Combiningfoundobjects.-Sculptureintheround:Free-standingform.-Reliefsculpture:Lowrelief(bas-relief),highrelief.2.4.Printmaking-Etching:Creatinglineswithacidonametalplate.-Lithography:Usingstoneorplatewithgrease-basedink.-Woodcut:Carvingintowood,inkedandpressed.-Linocut:Carvingintolinoleum,similartowoodcut.-Screenprinting:Stencil-based,suitableforfabricandposters.-Serigraphy:Anothertermforscreenprinting.2.5.DigitalArt-Vectorgraphics:Mathematicalpaths(e.g.,AdobeIllustrator).-Rastergraphics:Pixels(e.g.,JPEG,PNG).-Digitalpainting:Usingsoftware(e.g.,Photoshop,Procreate).-3Dmodeling:Creatingthree-dimensionaldigitalobjects.-Rendering:Generatingrealisticimagesfrom3Dmodels.-Animation:Sequencingimagesformotion.III.ArtHistoricalTerms3.1.PeriodsandStyles-Renaissance:Realism,perspective,classicalrevival(e.g.,LeonardodaVinci).-Baroque:Dramatic,dynamic,richdetail(e.g.,Caravaggio).-Rococo:Light,ornate,decorative(e.g.,Fragonard).-Neoclassicism:Returntoorder,symmetry,Greek/Romaninfluence(e.g.,Jacques-LouisDavid).-Romanticism:Emotion,nature,individualism(e.g.,CasparDavidFriedrich).-Realism:Depictingeverydaylife,noidealization(e.g.,GustaveCourbet).-Impressionism:Light,fleetingmoments,visiblebrushstrokes(e.g.,ClaudeMonet).-Post-Impressionism:Emotionaldepth,symboliccolors(e.g.,VincentvanGogh).-Fauvism:Bright,non-naturalisticcolors(e.g.,HenriMatisse).-Cubism:Fragmentedforms,multipleviewpoints(e.g.,PabloPicasso).-Surrealism:Dreamlike,subconsciousthemes(e.g.,SalvadorDalí).-AbstractExpressionism:Non-objective,emotionalintensity(e.g.,JacksonPollock).-PopArt:Massculture,advertising(e.g.,AndyWarhol).-Minimalism:Simplicity,reducedforms(e.g.,DonaldJudd).3.2.MovementsandConcepts-ArtNouveau:Organiclines,decorative,nature-inspired(e.g.,AlphonseMucha).-Bauhaus:Functionaldesign,industrialinfluence(e.g.,WalterGropius).-Dadaism:Anti-art,absurdity,rebellion(e.g.,MarcelDuchamp).-ConceptualArt:Idea-based,minimalphysicaloutput(e.g.,SolLeWitt).-PerformanceArt:Liveactions,audienceinteraction.-InstallationArt:Site-specific,immersiveenvironments.-StreetArt:Urbanart,graffiti(e.g.,Banksy).IV.CriticalandTheoreticalTerms4.1.Aesthetics-Formalism:Focusingonvisualelements(line,color,composition).-Expressionism:Emphasizingemotionaltruth.-Emotion:Theartist’sfeelingsconveyed.-Beauty:Subjectiveperceptionofpleasingqualities.4.2.Criticism-Formalanalysis:Examiningvisualelements.-Iconography:Symbolicmeaninginart.-Contextualanalysis:Historicalandculturalbackground.-Comparativeanalysis:Comparingartworks.4.3.Theory-Arthistory:Studyofartthroughtime.-Aesthetics:Philosophyofbeauty.-Semiotics:Signsandsymbolsinart.-Psychoanalysis:Freudianinterpretationofart.-Feministarttheory:Genderperspectivesinart.V.MuseumandGalleryTerms5.1.Exhibitions-Soloexhibition:Oneartist’swork.-Groupexhibition:Multipleartists.-Retrospective:Artist’sentirecareer.-Biennial:Exhibitionheldeverytwoyears(e.g.,VeniceBiennial).-Triennial:Exhibitionheldeverythreeyears.5.2.Conservation-Restoration:Repairingdamagedworks.-Conservation:Long-termpreservation.-Varnishing:Protectivecoating.-Flaking:Peelingpaint.-Cracking:Fracturedsurface.5.3.Provenance-Provenance:Ownershiphistory.-Authentication:Verifyingauthenticity.-Forger:Imposter.-Signature:Artist’smark.-Date:Creationyear.VI.PracticalandAdministrativeTerms6.1.Mate