脊柱解剖结构图解

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脊柱Vertebralcolumn基础医学院人体解剖教研室Thevertebralcolumn脊柱

consistsof24vertebrae,thesacrum,andthecoccyx.

一、Vertebrae椎骨Thereare33vertebraeinchildren,arrangedasfollows:Cervicalvertebrae颈椎

C.7Thoracicvertebrae

胸椎

T.12Lumbarvertebrae

腰椎

L.5Sacralvertebrae

骶椎

S.5sacrum骶骨Coccygealvertebrae

尾椎

Co.3~4coccyx尾骨GeneralfeaturesofvertebraeVertebralbody椎体Vertebralarch椎弓pedicleofvertebralarch椎弓根:sup.andinf.Vertebralnotch

椎上、下切迹

laminaofvertebralarch椎弓板process(7):spinousprocess棘突transverseprocess横突sup.andinf.articularprocesses

上、下关节突Vertebralforamen椎孔

Vertebralcanal椎管Intervertebralforamen椎间孔RegionalvariationsofvertebraeCervicalvertebraeVertebraeBody:smallVertebralforamen:largerandtriangularSpinousprocesses:shortandbifidinC3toC5,longinC6,andlongerinC7Transverseprocesses:shortandbifid,transverseforamen横突孔Articularprocesses:horizontalAtypicalvertebeaeAtlas寰椎

(C1)Bodyandspinousprocessabsent,consistsofanteriorandposteriorarches,andtwolateralmassesGrooveforvertebralartery椎动脉沟Axis枢椎

(C2):distinguishedbydens齿突

whicharticulateswithdentalfoveaofanteriorarchofatlasCarotidtubercle:颈动脉结节:anteriortubercleoftransverseprocessofC6Vertebraprominens

隆椎(C7):containslongandnon-bifidspinousprocess,itisvisiblewithneckflexed,usedasclinicallandmarkincountingcervicalandthoracicspinousprocessesThoracicvertebrae

VertebraeBody：

heart-shape,superiorandinferiorcostalfovea上、下肋凹Vertebralforamen：

smaller,rounder

Spinousprocesses：

long,pointobliquelydownward

Transverseprocesses：

transversecostalfovea横突肋凹

Articularprocesses:coronal

Lumbarvertebrae

VertebraeBody：

larger,kidney-shapeVertebralforamen:largerandtriangularSpinousprocesses:projectshorizontallyTransverseprocesses:longArticularprocesses:sagittal

Sacrum

Anteriorsurface:

promontory岬,anteriorsacralforamina

骶前孔(fourpairs)

Posteriorsurface:

mediansacralcrest骶正中嵴,posteriorsacralforamina(fourpairs),sacralhiatus骶管裂孔，sacral

cornu

骶角Lateralpart:

auricularsurface耳状面,sacraltuberosity骶粗隆二、ArticulationsofVertebrae

椎骨的连结JointsofthevertebralbodiesJointsofthevertebralarches1.Jointsofthevertebralbodies椎体间的连结Intervertebraldiscs

椎间盘

betweenbodiesofadjacentvertebrae,composedof:Nucleuspulpous髓核,aninnersoft,pulpy,highlyelasticstructure(gelatinouscore)Annulusfibrosus纤维环

anouterfibrousringconsistingoffibrocartilageAnteriorlongitudinalligament

前纵韧带Herniaofnucleuspulpous

髓核脱出

2.Jointsofthevertebralarches椎弓间的连结Ligamentaflava

黄韧带―elasticligament,unitelaminaeofadjacentvertebrae,andcompletetheposteriorwallofvertebralcanal;tendtopreventhyperflexionofthevertebralcolumnInterspinalligament棘间韧带Supraspinalligament棘上韧带Ligamentumnuchae项韧带

Intertansverseligament横突间韧带Zygapophysialjoint关节突关节三、Atlantooccipitaljoint

寰枕关节BetweensuperiorarticulatingsurfacesofatlasandoccipitalcondylesSupportedbymembrancesandligamentsthatjoinoccipitalboneandatlasAction―noddingofhead,lateraltiltingofhead四、Atlantoaxialjoint

寰枢关节ThreesynovialjointsbetweenatlasandaxisLaterally,pairedjointsbetweenarticulatingfacesMedianjointbetweendensofaxisandanteriorarchofatlas五、NormalCurvesofvertebralcolumnCervicalcurvature颈曲convexforwardThoraciccurvature胸曲convexbackward

Lumbarcurva