北师大版（2019）必修第二册UNIT 4 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY词汇课件

UNIT4

INFORMATIONTECHNOLOGYconvenience

n.

方便，便利provide

convenience/education/information提供便利/教育/信息·Frozen

fish

is

a

very

healthy

convenience

food.

冻鱼是一种非常健康的方便食品。forconvenience为了方便起见atone’sconvenience在某人方便的时候·For

convenience,the

cheese

is

sold

ready-sliced.

为了方便起见，干酪出售时已被切好。·I’d

like

to

arrange

a

meeting

at

your

convenience.

我想安排一次会议，时间看您方便。convenientadj.

方便的；便利的ifitisconvenient(to/foryou)

如果(你)方便的话Itisconvenientforsbtodosth某人方便做某事inconveniencen.

不方便；不便inconvenientadj.

不方便的·If

it’s

convenient

I

can

come

tomorrow.

如果方便的话，我明天可以来。·It

is

very

convenient

for

us

to

pay

by

credit

card.

用信用卡付款很方便。effectn.

效应；影响Effects/Impacts影响·The

music

was

brilliant

but

the

special

effects

were

disappointing.

音乐很棒，但是特效却是令人失望的。haveaneffect/effectson对……有影响putsthintoeffect把某物投入使用/实行……come/gointoeffect开始生效；开始实施ineffect事实上，实际上takeeffect生效，起作用beofnoeffect无效·Any

change

in

lifestyle

will

have

an

effect

on

your

health.

任何生活方式的改变都会对你的健康产生影响。·It

is

said

that

the

new

railway

timetable

will

come

into

effect

next

year.

据说，新的铁路时刻表将于明年生效。·In

effect,this

means

they

will

have

to

work

longer

hours

for

the

same

pay.

实际上，这意味着他们必须以同样的工资工作更长的时间。effectiveadj.

有效的；实际的；起作用的effectivelyadv.有效地；实际上·Long

prison

sentences

can

be

a

very

effective

deterrent

for

offenders.

判处长期徒刑可以对罪犯起到强有力的威慑作用。addictedadj.

对……着迷的；沉迷的makes

us

self-focused/live

in

an

unreal

world/addicted

to

it

使我们关注自我/生活在一个虚幻的世界里/沉迷其中·I

went

through

about

four

years

of

being

addicted

to

video

games.

我沉迷于电子游戏大约有4年之久。be/become/getaddictedto(doing)

sth沉迷于(做)某事·He

was

addicted

to

poetry

and

hoped

one

day

to

be

a

poet

himself.

他沉迷于诗歌，希望有一天成为诗人。addictv.

使沉溺；使上瘾n.有瘾的人addictoneselfto沉溺于；沉迷于addictionn.

癖好；上瘾haveaddictionto对……上瘾，有癖好addictiveadj.上瘾的；使人入迷的·His

tastes

addict

him

to

the

study

of

antiquities.

他的品位使他对研究古董上瘾。·We

addict

ourselves

to

buying

new

things.我们沉迷于买新东西。·I

find

jogging

very

addictive.

我发现慢跑很容易让人上瘾。recommendationn.

建议，提议；推荐Do

you

have

any

recommendation？你有什么推荐吗？·I

got

the

job

on

the

strength

of

your

recommendation.

由于您的推荐，我得到了那份工作。recommendv.

推荐，介绍；劝告，建议recommendsbas...推荐某人为……recommendsthtosb

向某人推荐某物recommendsbtodosth

建议某人做某事recommenddoingsth

建议做某事recommendthat.../itisrecommendedthat...建议……

(从句中的谓语用should＋动词原形)

·I

recommend

the

book

to

all

my

students.

我向我所有的学生都推荐这本书。·We’d

recommend

you

to

book

your

flight

early.

我们建议你早点儿预订航班。·He

recommended

reading

the

book

before

seeing

the

movie.

他建议先看这本书，再去看这部电影。·It

is

strongly

recommended

that

the

machines

should

be

checked

every

year.

强烈建议每年检修一次机器。explorevt.

探究；探讨；探险I

love

exploring

new

technologies,because

they

are

so

convenient.

我喜欢探索新科技，因为它们很便利。·As

soon

as

we

arrived

on

the

island

we

were

eager

to

explore.

我们一来到岛上就急不可耐地开始探险。explorationn.

勘探；探究explorern.

探险者；勘探者；考察者·A

big

programme

of

oil

exploration

has

begun

offshore.

一个大规模的石油勘探计划已在近海展开。·And

what

does

it

take

to

be

a

space

explorer？要成为一名宇宙探险者，需要哪些特质呢？admit

vi.

&

vt.

承认Well,I

admit

it.

嗯，我承认。·Only

athletes

who

have

reached

the

agreed

standard

for

their

event

will

be

admitted

as

competitors.

只有达到该比赛项目规定水平的运动员才被允许参加比赛。·Dana

admitted

that

her

feeling

was

hurt

by

what

I

had

said.

达娜承认我说的话伤了她的感情。admitdoing/havingdone...承认做了……admitsbto/into...准许某人进入……beadmittedto/into被接纳进入；被录取到(某处)·Tom

admitted

cheating

in

the

exam.

汤姆承认在考试中作弊了。·Visitors

are

not

admitted

to/into

Anhui

Museum

after

5

p.m.

下午5点以后，游客不得进入安徽博物馆。·He

has

been

admitted

to/into

the

famous

university.

他已经被这所著名的大学录取了。·Hospital

admission

is

not

necessary

in

most

cases.

大多数情况下，病人无须住院。·What’s

the

admission？门票多少钱？admissionn.

准许进入；承认；入场费more

than多于，超过；不仅仅；非常；超过……所能Once

I

play

games

for

more

than

an

hour,a

bell

rings

to

remind

me

that

my

time

is

up.

一旦我玩游戏超过一个小时，铃声就会响，提醒我时间到了。·She

earns

a

lot

more

than

I

do.

她赚的钱比我多多了。·It

was

also

much

more

than

we

could

afford,but

far

less

than

the

original

asking

price.

(虽然)我们还是负担不起，但是这比最初的价格低多了。1.“morethan＋数词”表示“以上”或“不止”之意，相当于over。2.“morethan＋名词”表示“不仅仅，不只是”，强调后面的名词。3.“morethan＋形容词/副词/动词”表示“极其，非常，很”，相当于very,extremely。4.“morethan＋含can(could)的从句”意思是“使……难以……；不能，远非……”，表示超出某人力量、知识等范围，含否定的意义。·They

were

the

best

teachers,so

lessons

were

expensive,more

than

they

could

really

afford.

他们是最好的老师，所以课程很贵，超出了他们的承受能力。·He

is

more

than

a

basketball

superstar.

He

was

a

celebrity.

他不仅仅是个篮球巨星，他还是个名人。

本句中that引导定语从句，修饰先行词one,其中what引导宾语从句，并在从句中作order的宾语。what用作代词，在译法上非常灵活，它可以指：“……的东西”＝thething(s)/somethingthat...“……的人”＝thepersonthat/who...“……的时间”＝thetimethat...“……的地点”＝theplacethat...等；它在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语，相当于定语从句中的“先行词＋关系代词”。·After

a

long

journey,they

came

to

what

was

called

“Gebi

Desert”.

长途跋涉之后，他们来到了被称之为“戈壁滩”的地方。variety

n.

多样化，变化Yet,very

few

people

knew

that

future

avatars

would

have

such

a

wide

variety

of

forms

and

uses.

然而，当时很少有人知道未来的虚拟形象会有如此广泛的形式和用途。·IfyoucometovisitChina,youwillexperienceacultureofamazingdepthandvariety.如果你来中国游玩，你将体验到具有惊人的深度和多样性的文化。

avarietyof/varietiesof多种多样的·There

is

a

wide

variety

of

patterns

to

choose

from.

有种类繁多的图案可供选择。variousadj.

各种各样的varyv.

变化；不同varyfrom...to...在……到……之间变动·Conditions

vary

from

school

to

school.

各所学校的情况不同。selectionn.

供选择的同类物品；选择In

most

web

chats,people

choose

an

avatar

from

a

selection

of

ready-made

images,or

create

their

own

images.

在大多数网络聊天中，人们从各种现成的图像中选择一个头像，或者创建他们自己的图像。·There’s

always

a

wide

selection

of

delicious

meals

to

choose

from.

总有许多美味佳肴可供选择。selectvt.

挑选select...from...从……中挑选出……select...as...选择……作为……select...for...因为……挑选……selectsbtodosth

挑选某人做某事·They

selected

the

winner

from

six

finalists.他们从六名决赛选手中选出了获胜者。·She

was

selected

as

the

parliamentary

candidate

for

Bath.

她被选为巴斯选区的议员候选人。·All

our

hotels

have

been

carefully

selected

for

the

excellent

value

they

provide.

我们住的旅馆都是精心挑选的，最为合算。·Six

theatre

companies

have

been

selected

to

take

part

in

this

year’s

festival.

已选定六个剧团参加今年的戏剧节。concernn.

担忧，忧虑vt.

与……有关；使担心The

use

of

avatars

has

also

caused

a

few

concerns.

虚拟形象的使用也引发了一些担忧。·Don’t

interfere

in

what

doesn’t

concern

you.

不要管与自己无关的事。concernedadj.

担心的；感兴趣的(作前置定语)；有关的；参与的(作后置定语)asfaras...beconcerned就……而言beconcernedabout/for对……担心/关心beconcernedwith与……有关concerningprep.

关于·The

President

is

deeply

concerned

about

this

issue.

总统对这个问题深感担忧。·They

were

more

concerned

with

how

the

other

women

had

dressed

than

with

what

the

speaker

was

saying.

她们对其他女人的衣着打扮比对演讲者的讲话更加感兴趣。·The

chairman’s

report

is

concerning

the

education

of

children.

主席的报告是关于儿童教育的。viewvt.

看，把……视为However,other

users

view

avatars

in

a

more

positive

light.

但是，其他用户则从更为积极的角度看待虚拟形象。·We

can

broaden

our

view

and

gain

knowledge

we

cannot

get

from

books.

我们可以拓宽我们的视野，并且获得书本里得不到的知识。·When

the

car

was

first

made,the

design

was

viewed

as

highly

original.

当这辆车刚造好时，其设计被认为是独具匠心的。inviewof鉴于；由于；考虑到inone’sview/opinion在某人看来comeintoview进入视野；看得见haveagoodviewof清楚地看到；饱览view...as...把……看作……·In

view

of

the

weather,the

event

will

now

be

held

indoors.

由于天气的缘故，这项赛事将在室内进行。·In

my

view,it

was

a

waste

of

time.

依我看，这是浪费时间。·A

green

orchard

will

come

into

view

as

visitors

enter

the

pavilion.

当游客进入展馆，一个绿色果园就会映入眼帘。·People

can

have

a

good

view

of

the

city

from

this

tower.

人们可以从这个塔上饱览该城市的风光。viewern.

观看者；观众·The

programme

attracted

millions

of

viewers.

这个节目吸引了数百万观众。词汇view/sight/scene/scenery含义view常指从远处或高处一眼望去所看到的景色，是scene或scenery的一部分。sight既可以指场景、眼前看到的景观，又可以指名胜、风景，只是在表示后者含义时，必须要用复数形式。与view或scenery最大的不同就在于，当sight指景物时，它多指某地特有的名胜。scene指展现在眼前的场景，包括景物中的人及活动在内。scenery指某地总的自然风景或景色，尤其指美丽的乡间景色，是不可数名词。·There

were

magnificent

views

of

the

surrounding

countryside.

乡间四周的景色壮观秀丽。·We’re

going

to

Paris

for

the

weekend

to

see

the

sights.

我们打算去巴黎过周末，参观那里的名胜。·The

team’s

victory

produced

scenes

of

joy

all

over

the

country.

球队的胜利使举国上下出现一派欢乐的场面。·The

scenery

is

magnificent.

景色壮丽。look

forward

to期望，等待；期待；盼望They

look

forward

to

a

time

when

their

avatar

will

act

like

a

real

person

and

travel

around

bigger,more

exciting

virtual

worlds.

他们期待着有朝一日，自己的虚拟形象会像真人一样去环游更广阔、更精彩的虚拟世界。·We

all

look

forward

to

the

day

when

the

scientists

can

discover

more

secrets

of

the

universe.

我们都期盼着科学家们能发现更多宇宙秘密的那一天。lookforwardtosth/doingsth盼望或期待某事/做某事(to为介词)·I’m

looking

forward

to

hearing

from

you.

我期待着你的来信。lookout向外看；当心；小心lookupto仰视；尊敬；崇拜lookdownon/upon俯视；轻视；看不起lookbackon回顾；回忆lookon...as...把……当作……lookinto往……里看；调查；研究lookthrough查看；浏览·You’re

a

popular

girl,Grace,and

a

lot

of

the

younger

ones

look

up

to

you.

你是很受大家欢迎的女孩，格蕾丝，很多比你小的女孩都很崇拜你。·I

like

to

look

back

on

my

high

school

days,which

were

among

the

happiest

in

my

life.

我喜欢回顾我的高中时代，那是我一生中最幸福的日子。·I

used

to

look

on

him

as

a

friend.

我过去常常把他看作朋友。·Instead,take

your

time

and

look

into

the

new

technology.

相反，你花点时间研究新技术。·Open

a

magazine

or

a

newspaper,look

through

the

Internet,and

it’s

usually

the

same.

打开一本杂志或一份报纸，浏览一下互联网，通常它都是一样的。

一些用户担心他们在虚拟世界中花费太多的时间，以至于开始害怕在现实世界中与人见面。so/such...that...引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”。如：·She

is

so

kind

a

teacher

that

we

all

like

her.

这位老师如此好，以至于我们都喜欢她。·It

is

such

an

interesting

story

that

the

children

all

love

it.

这是一个如此有趣的故事，以至于孩子们都喜爱它。1.so...that...句型的常见形式：so＋adj./adv.＋that...so＋adj.＋a/an＋n.＋that...so＋many/much/few/little(少)＋n.＋that...2.such...that...句型的常见形式：such＋a/an＋adj.＋n.＋that...such＋adj.＋n.(复数或不可数)＋that...3.

当so/such放在句首时，主句要用倒装语序。·He

ran

so

quickly

that

we

all

couldn’t

catch

up

with

him.

他跑得很快，以至于我们都追不上他。·There

are

so

many

files

that

I

don’t

know

where

to

begin.

有太多的文件，我不知道从哪里入手。·He

is

such

a

little

boy

that

he

can’t

lift

the

box.

他是这么小的男孩，以至于提不起那个箱子。·They

are

such

good

students

that

the

teacher

likes

them.他们都是好学生，老师很喜欢他们。·So

involved

with

their

computers

do

the

children

become

that

leaders

at

summer

computer

camps

often

have

to

force

them

to

break

for

sports

and

games.

孩子们太专注于他们的电脑，以至于电脑夏令营的领队不得不经常强迫他们停下来去做运动和游戏。powerful

adj.

效能高的；强有力的；强壮的to

become

powerful变得效能高·You’re

a

powerful

man—people

will

listen

to

you.

你是个有影响力的人——人们会听你的。powern.

力量，能量；影响力；权力vt.

驱动，提供动力inpower执政，掌权inone’spower在某人能力范围之内beyondone’spower超出某人的能力范围cometopower上台执政；掌权powerlessadj.

无权的；无能为力的powerfullyadv.

强大地；猛烈地·They

are

members

of

a

social

organisation

who

are

in

power.

他们是一个当权的社会组织的成员。·The

decision

is

in

the

hand

of

him；

I

couldn’t

do

the

things

beyond

my

power.

决定权在他那儿，我不能越权而为之。·They

had

come

to

power

ten

years

earlier.

他们十年前就已掌权。ensurevt.

确保，保证They

also

ensure

that

students

can

all

enjoy

the

same

learning

materials...

他们还确保学生们能够使用相同的学习材料……·Enough

sleep

will

ensure

your

quicker

recovery.

充足的睡眠能保证你更快康复。·I

fitted

a

new

lock

to

ensure

that

the

bike

would

not

be

stolen.

我安了一把新锁，以确保自行车不会被偷。ensuresb

sth＝ensuresthtosb

向某人保证某事ensuresbfrom/against...确保某人免受……ensurethat...担保/保证/确保……·We

need

to

ensure

the

consistency

of

service

to

our

customers.我们需要对客户确保服务的连贯性。·No

one

will

ensure

you

from

being

fired

if

you

don’t

work

hard.

如果你不努力工作，谁也无法保证你不会被解雇。·We

tried

to

ensure

that

everyone

got

a

fair

deal.我们曾尽力保证每个人都受到公平待遇。confirmvt.

确认；证实Would

you

like

me

to

confirm

my

account

details？你愿意让我确认一下我的账户细节吗？·When

asked,she

confirmed

that

she

was

going

to

retire.

被问起时，她证实了自己将要退休(的消息)。confirmsbinsth使某人确信某事confirmthat...确认/证实……Itisconfirmedthat...确认……·It

has

confirmed

me

in

my

decision

not

to

become

a

nun.这让我坚信我不当修女的决定是正确的。·Has

everyone

confirmed

that

they’re

coming？是不是每个人都确认过他们会来？·It

has

been

confirmed

that

the

meeting

will

take

place

next

week.

已经确定会议将于下个星期召开。delivervi.

&

vt.

递送；传送Well,according

to

my

records,Ms

Smith,your

order

was

delivered

last

week.

嗯，根据我的记录，史密斯女士，您的订单已于上周发出。·The

principal

delivered

an

important

speech

concerning

the

future

of

the

school

at

the

meeting.

校长在这次会议上就学校的未来发表了重要演讲。deliversthtosb

把某物递送/传送给某人deliveraspeech发表演讲deliversb/sth

(up/over)tosb

将某人/某物移交给某人·Leaflets

have

been

delivered

to

every

household.

传单已发送到每家每户。·She

is

due

to

deliver

a

speech

on

genetic

engineering.

根据安排她要做一个关于基因工程的演讲。·They

delivered

their

prisoners

over

to

the

government.

他们把俘虏交给了政府。deliveryn.

递送，发送set

up建立；竖起；安装；安排No,I’ve

downloaded

it,but

I

can’t

figure

out

how

to

set

up

an

account.

不用了，我已经下载了，但我不明白如何开一个账户。·For

all

three

years,I

have

been

working

for

others.

I’m

hoping

I’ll

set

up

my

own

business

someday.

三年来我一直为别人工作。我希望有一天可以成立自己的公司。setaboutdoingsth开始/着手做某事setaside留出；把……置于一旁setdown写下，记下setoff出发；引发；触响(警报)；放(烟火)setout出发；打算；阐述；摆放；陈列·I’ve

no

idea

how

to

set

about

changing

a

tyre

on

a

car.

我不知道该怎么动手换汽车轮胎。·Some

doctors

advise

setting

aside

some

time

each

day

for

worry.

一些医生建议每天留出一点时间来解决烦心事。

related

to

the

questions

听的时候，要注意与问题有关的词语……...

本句包含while引导的省略句。whilelistening是状语从句的省略，完整形式是whileyouarelistening。状语从句中的省略现象：1.

当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且谓语是be＋形容词/介词短语/分词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词。2.

当从句的主语是it,谓语动词是be动词时，可以把it和be动词一起省略。3.ifso/ifnot意为“要是这样的话/要不是这样的话”。harm

vt.

&

n.

伤害，损害Do

you

think

the

Internet

helps

or

harms

friendships？你认为因特网对友谊有益还是会伤害友谊？·For

another,drinking

too

cold

or

too

hot

water

does

nothing

but

harm

to

our

health.

另外，饮用太冷或太热的水只会对我们的健康造成伤害。do/causeharmto...对……造成伤害dosbharm＝doharmtosb

伤害某人；对某人有害Thereisnoharmindoingsth

做某事无害处·One

should

never

intend

to

do

harm

to

others,but

should

always

guard

against

the

harm

others

might

do

to

him.害人之心不可有，防人之心不可无。·It

wouldn’t

do

you

any

harm

to

smarten

yourself

up.

打扮一下对你没有任何坏处。·He

may

say

no,but

there’s

no

harm

in

asking.

他可能拒绝，但问一问也无妨。harmfuladj.

有害的，导致损害的beharmfulto...对……有害·Many

household

products

are

potentially

harmful.

很多家用产品有潜在的害处。·Fruit

juice

can

be

harmful

to

children’s

teeth.

果汁可能损坏儿童的牙齿。replacevt.

取代；接替...

images

really

cannot

replace

a

real-life

smile

or

hug.

……图片确实无法代替现实生活中的微笑或拥抱。·He

will

be

difficult

to

replace

when

he

leaves.

他离开后，他的位置很难有人接替。replacesthwith/bysth

用某物替代某物·It

is

not

a

good

idea

to

miss

meals

and

replace

them

with

snacks.

不吃正餐，改吃点心，这不是一个好主意。

·You

can

use

milk

in

place

of

cream

in

this

recipe.在这个食谱中，可用牛奶代替奶油。·Nothing

can

ever

take

the

place

of

real

love

and

family

togetherness.什么都不能取代真爱与家庭和睦。·I

was

appointed

to

take

his

place.我被任命接替他的职务。concentratevi.

专注，专心；集中注意力...communicating

through

a

screen

makes

it

more

difficult

for

children

to

concentrate

or

show

kindness

to

others.

……通过屏幕交流使孩子们更难集中注意力或者对他人表现出善意。·From

then

on,I

began

to

concentrate

on

every

small

thing

in

my

studies.

从那时起，我开始专注于我学习中的每一件小事。·Schools

should

concentrate

on

teaching

students

the

academic

subjects

that

will

be

useful

for

their

future

careers.

学校应该专注于教授学生对他们的未来职业生涯有用的学术科目。concentrateon(doing)

sth

聚精会神于(做)某事concentrateone’sattention/efforts/thoughtson/upon...集中某人的注意力/努力/思想于……·I

must

return

to

the

country

to

concentrate

on

my

studies.我必须回到乡下专心于学业。·I

decided

to

concentrate

all

my

efforts

on

finding

somewhere

to

live.

我决定全力以赴找个住的地方。·Tiredness

affects

your

powers

of

concentration.

疲劳影响你注意力的集中。concentrationn.

专心；集中focusvi.

集中(注意力)

n.

焦点In

my

opinion,friends

should

focus

more

on

face-to-face

communication,and

less

on

online

communication.

在我看来，朋友们应该多关注面对面的交流，少进行线上交流。·In

a

book

with

lots

of

pictures

and

charts,I

am

likely

to

focus

mainly

on

the

written

text.

在一本有很多图片和图表的书里，我可能更关注文字部分。focuson/uponsb/sth

集中注意力于某人/某物focusone’sattention/eyeson集中注意力于infocus焦距对准；清晰outoffocus焦距没对准；模糊·The

discussion

focused

on

three

main

problems.

讨论集中在三个主要问题上。·He

focused

his

blue

eyes

on

her.

他那蓝色的眼睛注视着她。·You

cannot

take

a

good

photograph

unless

the

object

is

in

focus.

只有对准焦距才可以拍出好照片。·The

children’s

faces

are

badly

out

of

focus

in

the

photograph.

这张照片上孩子们的脸模糊不清。compare

to与……相比...

though

we

know

that

the

number

of

“likes”

or

followers

cannot

compare

to

having

long-term

and

rewarding

friendships.

……尽管我们知道“赞”或追随者的数量无法与拥有长期和有益的友谊相比。·Compared

to

the

place

where

I

grew

up,this

town

is

much

more

exciting.

与我长大的地方相比，这个镇子热闹多了。compare...with/to...把……和……比较compare...to...把……比作……comparedto/with...与……比较起来(作状语)beyondcomparison无与伦比；无可比拟by/incomparisonwith和……相比较·We

carefully

compared

the

first

report

with

the

second.

我们仔细比较了第一份报告和第二份报告。·The

critics

compared

his

work

to

that

of

Martin

Amis.

评论家把他的作品和马丁·艾米斯的相提并论。·Her

looks

are

beyond

comparison.她的美貌无与伦比。in

addition除此之外In

addition,a

lot

of

the

content

posted

on

social

media

is

shallow

or

trivial.

此外，很多发布在社交媒体上的内容都很肤浅或琐碎。·In

addition,I

can

see

different

kinds

of

beautiful

birds.

除此之外，我还能看到各种各样美丽的鸟儿。inadditionto/inadditioninadditionto除了……之外(还)，是介词短语，后接名词、代词或动名词。inaddition除此之外，另外，此短语在句子中常被放在句前或句中作状语，相当于副词besides。·There

are

postage

and

packing

fees

in

addition

to

the

repair

charge.

除修理费之外还有邮费和包装费。·There

is,in

addition,one

further

point

to

make.此外，还有一点要说。

本句中包含“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，其中宾语是由it充当的形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语。在“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”这一结构中，宾语补足语可以由名词、形容词、过去分词、动词不定式(不带to)等来充当。该结构变为被动形式时，不定式的to不能省略，即sb/sthbemadetodosth。·The

news

made

him

very

happy.

这则消息使他非常高兴。·People

in

the

West

make

it

a

rule

to

buy

Christmas

presents

for

their

relatives

and

friends.

在西方国家，人们给亲属和朋友购买圣诞节礼物已成为一个规定。·They

didn’t

know

the

native

language,so

they

couldn’t

make

themselves

understood.

他们不懂当地的语言，所以他们不能让当地人理解自己的意思。·Our

English

teacher

often

makes

us

retell

the

texts,which

is

beneficial

to

our

English

study.

我们的英语老师经常让我们复述课文，这对我们的英语学习有益。Itistheseskillsthatenableustodeveloplifelongfriendships.

正是这些技能使我们得以维系终生的友谊。❷

本句是强调句型，强调的是主语“theseskills”。1.

强调句的基本句型是“Itis/was＋被强调的部分＋that/who＋其他部分”。被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语、表语或状语等。2.

一般疑问句：Is/Was＋it＋被强调部分＋that＋其他部分？3.

特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋其他部分？4.

强调“not...until”：Itis/wasnotuntil...that＋其他部分。that后面的句子要用肯定式，且须用陈述语序。·Was

it

yesterday

that

you

met

your

teacher

in

the

street？你是昨天在大街上碰到你老师的吗？·Who

was

it

that

told

you

such

a

thing？究竟是谁告诉你这件事的？·People

say

“Guilin’s

scenery

is

peerless

in

the

world”.

It

was

not

until

I

visited

the

place

that

I

found

it

really

worthy

of

the

reputation.人们都说“桂林山水甲天下”，直到我去了桂林，才发现它果然名不虚传。

本句中“nomatterwhere...orwhat...”引导让步状语从句。nomatter意为“不管，无论”，与what/who/which/where/when/how等疑问词连用。·No

matter

who

knocks,don’t

open

the

door.

不管是谁敲门，都不要开。仅可以引导让步状语从句，还可以引导名词性从句。·Whoever

did

this

will

be

punished.

无论是谁做的都会被惩罚。nomatter＋what/who/which/where/when/how等，可以分别改为“what/who/which/where/when/how等＋ever”的形式。但是“nomatter＋疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句，而“wh-ever”不amazing

adj.

了不起的；惊人的In

my

opinion,the

author

did

an

amazing

job

of

creating

a

whole

new

world

through

this

book.

在我看来，作者通过这本书创造了一个全新的世界，这是一项了不起的工作。·Did

you

hear

the

amazing

news？你听说这条令人惊奇的新闻了吗？amazevt.

使惊奇；使惊愕；使惊诧amazementn.

惊异；惊诧；惊愕toone’samazement令某人惊异的是inamazement惊奇地·What

amazes

me

is

how

long

she

managed

to

hide

it

from

us.

使我惊诧的是，她竟然能把这件事瞒了我们这么久。·To

my

amazement,he

still

remembered

me.

使我惊奇的是他还记得我。·She

looked

at

him

in

amazement.

她惊愕地望着他。amazing/amazedamazing(某物)令人惊奇的，常用来修饰物或事。amazed(人)感到惊奇的，常用来形容人的感受。·He

was

amazed

at

the

amazing

news.

他对这个令人惊奇的消息感到惊奇。accessibleadj.

易懂的；易得到的It

also

makes

the

art

accessible

to

the

world

while

protecting

the

original

artworks

for

the

future.在为未来保护原始艺术品的同时，它还使艺术能向世界开放。·Most

parts

of

China

are

now

accessible

by

rail.

中国的大多数地方现在是可以通过火车到达的。beaccessibleto易接近的；易达到的；易受影响的·These

documents

are

not

accessible

to

the

public.

公众无法看到这些文件。accessn.

通道；入口gain/get/haveaccessto能够进入/接触accessiblyadv.

易到达地；易进入地；易接近地·The

only

access

to

the

farmhouse

is

across

the

fields.

去那所农舍的唯一通路是穿过田野。·Students

must

have

access

to

good

resources.

学生必须有机会获得好的资源。·The

company

continues

to

walk

a

thin

line

as

it

tries

to

drive

sales

through

accessibly

priced

goods

while

maintaining

its

uptown

image.这家公司继续谨慎地保持平衡：努力通过价格合理的商品拉动销量，同时保持自己的高档形象。have...

in

common与……有共同之处I

like

Hermione

most,because

we

have

a

lot

in

common.

我最喜欢赫敏，因为我们有很多共同之处。·Though

they

are

twin

sisters,they

have

little

in

common.

尽管她们是双胞胎姐妹，但她们几乎没有共同之处。incommonwith与……一样·Britain,in

common

with

many

other

industrialised

countries,has

experienced

major

changes

over

the

last

100

years.

与许多其他工业化国家一样，英国在过去100年里经历了重大的变化。

that’swhy...为固定表达，意为“那就是为什么……”，其中why引导表语从句，该句型强调结果。如：·Perhaps

the

postcode

was

wrong,and

that’s

why

the

letter

never

arrived.

可能邮政编码错了，那就是为什么一直未收到信。1.That’sbecause...那是因为……，because也引导表语从句，但该句型强调原因。2.Thereasonwhy...isthat...……的原因是……

·We

didn’t

lend

him

money.

That’s

because

we

are

not

too

familiar

with

him.

我们没借给他钱。那是因为我们对他不是太熟悉。过去将来时含义过去将来时常用于描述从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。构成构成形式1：would＋动词原形

肯定句：主语＋would＋动词原形否定句：主语＋wouldnot＋动词原形

疑问句：Would＋主语＋动词原形？构成形式2：was/weregoingto＋动词原形

肯定句：主语＋was/weregoingto＋动词原形否定句：主语＋was/werenotgoingto＋动词原形疑问句：Was/Were＋主语＋goingto＋动词原形？用法一、would＋动词原形1.

常用来表示过去按照计划或安排即将发生的事情。·He

said

that

he

would

wait

for

us

at

the

bus

stop.

他说他会在公共汽车站等我们。·He

said

he

would

charge

up

my

car

battery.

他说他会给我的汽车电池充电。2.

也可用来表示发生在过去的某种习惯性的行为。·Whenever

we

had

trouble,he

would

help

us.

每当我们遇到困难时，他总会帮助我们。·A

few

years

ago,smartphone

users

realised

that

too

much

use

of

smartphones

would

affect

interpersonal

relationship.

几年前，智能手机用户意识到，过度使用智能手机会影响人际关系。用法二、was/were＋goingto＋动词原形1.

可以表示过去按照计划或安排即将发生的事情。·I

was

going

to

tell

you

everything

yesterday.

我昨天本想把一切都告诉你。·I

suddenly

remembered

she

was

going

to

test

us.

我突然想起来她要测试我们。2.

也可以表示根据当时情况所作的判断(但不一定绝对发生)。·I

thought

Sally

was

going

to

make

a

beautiful

dinner.

我想萨利应该会做一顿丰盛的晚餐。·I

thought

that

Jack

was

going

to

write

a

letter

to

his

mother.

我想杰克会给他妈妈写封信。其他结构1.was/were＋动词-ing形式·Nobody

knew

whether

the

guests

were

coming.

没人知道客人们是否会来。2.was/were