2025年英语（二）考研阅读理解专项训练试卷：真题技巧汇编

2025年英语（二）考研阅读理解专项训练试卷：真题技巧汇编考试时间：______分钟总分：______分姓名：______PartADirections:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Passage1Theconceptof"hygge"(pronouncedhoo-guh),aDanishtermforcozinessandcomfort,hasgainedsignificanttractiongloballyinrecentyears.Oftenassociatedwiththecountry'sreputationforhighlevelsofhappiness,hyggeismorethanjustatrend;itrepresentsaculturalapproachtofindingjoyandcontentmentineverydaylife.ContrarytotherelentlesspursuitofsuccessandmaterialwealthoftenemphasizedinotherWesterncultures,hyggeencouragesmindfulnessandappreciationforsimplepleasures.Centraltothehyggephilosophyistheideaofcreatingawarm,invitingatmospherethroughsimple,tangiblemeans.Thiscaninvolvelightingcandles,burningaromaticwoodenlogsinafireplace,gatheringaroundatablecoveredwithacheckeredtableclothandwarmdrinks,orsimplyenjoyingacupofcoffeeinawell-lit,comfortablespace.Theemphasisisoncreatingasenseofintimacyandwell-being,oftenachievedthroughsharedexperienceswithlovedones.Proponentsarguethatthepracticeofhyggeofferstangiblebenefitsformentalhealth.Inaworldfilledwithconstantstimulationandpressure,hyggeencouragesaslowdown,adeliberateshiftawayfromthehustleandbustle.Thisintentionalslowingdowncanhelpreducestress,improvemood,andfosteragreatersenseofconnectionwithothersandwithone'ssurroundings.It'saboutfindingbeautyinthesmallthingsandcultivatingafeelingofbeingsecurelywrappedupinwarmthandcomfort.Astheglobalclimatecontinuestochange,thereisalsoagrowingenvironmentalconsciousnesssurroundinghygge.Traditionalhyggepractices,suchasburningwood,arebeingreconsideredthroughthelensofsustainability.Manyareadaptingtheconcepttobemoreeco-friendly,focusingonreusablecandles,energy-efficientlighting,andsourcingmaterialsthoughtfully.Thisevolutionensuresthatthepursuitofcozinesscanalignwithacommitmenttoenvironmentalresponsibility.Passage2Therapidadvancementofartificialintelligence(AI)andmachinelearning(ML)hasplacedtheworldonthecuspofatechnologicalrevolution,promisingunprecedentedadvancementsacrossnumeroussectors.Fromenhancinghealthcarediagnosticstooptimizingsupplychainsandpoweringautonomousvehicles,thepotentialapplicationsseemlimitless.However,alongsidetheseimmenseopportunities,significantethicalchallengesandsocietalconcernsareemerging,demandingcarefulconsiderationandproactivemanagement.Oneoftheprimaryethicaldilemmasrevolvesarounddataprivacyandsecurity.AIsystems,particularlythosebasedonmachinelearning,relyonvastamountsofdatafortrainingandoperation.Thisrelianceraisescriticalquestionsaboutthecollection,storage,andusageofpersonalinformation.Issuessuchasalgorithmicbias,whereAIsystemscaninadvertentlyperpetuateoramplifyexistingsocietalbiasespresentinthedatatheyaretrainedon,poseanothersignificantchallenge.Suchbiasescanleadtounfairordiscriminatoryoutcomesinareaslikehiring,lending,andcriminaljustice.ThepotentialimpactofAIonemploymentisalsoamajorpointofcontention.WhileAIisexpectedtoautomatecertaintasksandpotentiallydisplacesomejobs,italsoholdsthepromiseofcreatingnewjobcategoriesandboostingproductivity.Thechallengeliesinmanagingthistransitionsmoothly.Ensuringworkforceresiliencethrougheducationandreskillingprograms,andaddressingpotentialincomeinequalityexacerbatedbyautomation,willbecrucialforsocietalstability.Furthermore,theverydefinitionofintelligenceandconsciousnessinthecontextofmachinesraisesprofoundphilosophicalquestions.AsAIsystemsbecomeincreasinglysophisticated,capableofcomplexreasoningandevencreativetasks,questionsariseabouttheirsentienceandrights.DeterminingtheappropriateethicalframeworkforinteractingwithandregulatingincreasinglyadvancedAIsystemswillbeessentialtoensuretheybenefithumanitywithoutcausingunintendedharm.Passage3Urbanizationisanundeniableforceshapingthemodernworld,withmillionsmigratingtocitiesinsearchofbetteropportunities,education,andservices.Thiscontinuousinfluxofpeopletransformsurbanlandscapesatanacceleratingpace,presentingbothexcitingprospectsandformidablechallengesforcityplannersandpolicymakers.Whilecitiesareoftenconsideredhubsofinnovation,economicgrowth,andculturaldiversity,theirrapidexpansioncanstraininfrastructure,housing,andenvironmentalresources.Oneofthemostpressingissuesassociatedwithrapidurbanizationisthepressureonhousing.Thedemandforresidentialspaceoftenoutpacessupply,leadingtotheproliferationofinformalsettlements,increasedhousingcosts,andsignificantsocialinequalities.Thesechallengesnotonlyaffectthequalityoflifeforresidentsbutalsocreatevulnerabilities,particularlyinthefaceofnaturaldisastersoreconomicdownturns.Providingaffordableandadequatehousingforagrowingurbanpopulationisacomplextaskrequiringinnovativesolutionsandsustainedinvestment.Theenvironmentalimpactofurbanizationcannotbeoverstated.Theconcentrationofpeopleandactivitiesinalimitedarealeadstoincreasedpollution,consumptionofnaturalresources,andgenerationofwaste.Issuessuchasairandwaterpollution,heatislandeffects,andlossofgreenspacesaredirectconsequencesofurbandensity.Managingtheseenvironmentalchallengesrequiresintegratedurbanplanningthatprioritizessustainability,includinginvestmentsinpublictransportation,greenbuildingpractices,andurbangreenspacestomitigatethenegativeenvironmentalexternalitiesofcityliving.Socialdynamicsalsoundergosignificanttransformationsduringperiodsofrapidurbanization.Theinfluxofdiversepopulationscanfosterculturalexchangeandcreativitybutalsoleadtosocialfragmentation,segregation,andconflicts.Buildinginclusivecitiesthatcatertotheneedsofallresidents,regardlessoftheirbackground,incomelevel,orsocialstatus,iscrucialforsocialcohesionandstability.Thisinvolvescreatingaccessiblepublicservices,ensuringequitableaccesstoopportunities,andfosteringasenseofcommunityamongdiverseurbaninhabitants.Passage4Theinternet,onceanovelcommunicationtool,hasfundamentallyreshapedhowhumansinteract,work,andconsumeinformation.Itstransformationfromanicheacademicprojectintoaubiquitousglobalnetworkhasbeenoneofthemostsignificanttechnologicalshiftsofthelate20thandearly21stcenturies.Whileofferingunprecedentedconnectivityandaccesstoinformation,thepervasivenatureoftheinternetalsopresentsuniquechallengesrelatedtoprivacy,security,andtheveryfabricofsociety.Perhapsthemostsignificantimpactoftheinternethasbeenoncommunication.Email,socialmediaplatforms,instantmessaging,andvideoconferencinghaverevolutionizedhowpeopleconnectacrossdistances,enablingreal-timeinteractionregardlessofgeographicalbarriers.Thishasprofoundimplicationsforpersonalrelationships,businessoperations,andglobalcollaboration.However,thisconstantconnectivityalsobringstheriskofsuperficialinteractionsandthepotentialerosionofdeep,meaningfulconnections.Informationaccessibilityisanothermajorconsequenceoftheinternet'sproliferation.Theabilitytoinstantlyaccessavastrepositoryofinformationhasdemocratizedknowledgetoanunprecedenteddegree.Studentscanresearchglobalissues,professionalscanaccessspecializeddatabases,andenthusiastscanexplorecountlesssubjects.Yet,thisabundanceofinformationalsopresentsthechallengeofdiscerningcrediblesourcesfrommisinformationanddisinformation.Theeasewithwhichfalsenarrativescanspreadonlineposesasignificantthreattoinformeddiscourseandpublictrust.Theeconomiclandscapehasalsobeendramaticallyalteredbytheinternet.Theriseofe-commercehasdisruptedtraditionalretailmodels,forcingbusinessestoadapttoonlineplatformsanddirect-to-consumersales.Theinternethasalsocreatedentirelyneweconomicsectorsandjobrolescenteredarounddigitaltechnologies,contentcreation,andonlineservices.Whileofferingnewopportunities,ithasalsocontributedtothegigeconomyandconcernsaboutjobsecurityandworkerrightsinthedigitalage.PartBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithfivestatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationaboutoneoftheparagraphsinthepassage.Youarerequiredtodecideonthecorrectparagraphfromwhichtheinformationineachstatementwasderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.MarkyouranswersonAnswerSheet2.[A]Theinternethasfundamentallyalteredhumaninteractionbyenablingglobalconnectivitythroughvariousonlineplatforms.[B]Rapidurbanizationstrainsurbaninfrastructureandenvironmentalresources,necessitatingsustainableplanning.[C]Theconceptofhyggeemphasizesfindingjoyinsimplepleasuresandcreatingacozyatmosphereforwell-being.[D]Artificialintelligencepresentsbothopportunitiesforadvancementandsignificantethicalchallengesregardingdataandbias.[E]Accesstovastinformationviatheinternethasdemocratizedknowledgebutalsointroducedchallengesinsourceverification.试卷答案--------------------------------------------------PartA1.C2.A3.B4.D5.E6.B7.D8.C9.A10.C11.E12.B13.D14.A15.C--------------------------------------------------PartB1.A2.B3.C4.D5.E--------------------------------------------------解析思路--------------------------------------------------PartA1.C-短文首段即提出hygge是一种文化方法，旨在日常生活中寻找快乐和满足，强调简单乐趣。选项C概括了核心概念。2.A-短文第二段详细描述了hygge的实践方式，如点蜡烛、围炉、共进晚餐等，旨在营造温暖邀请的氛围。选项A概括了此段内容。3.B-短文第三段讨论hygge对心理健康的好处，指出它通过放慢节奏减少压力，促进连接感。选项B概括了此段关于益处的核心信息。4.D-短文第四段探讨了hygge的环保演变和适应性，处理了传统实践的环境问题。选项D概括了此段关于挑战和适应的核心。5.E-短文第二段提到通过共享体验创造亲密感和幸福感，第三段提到在舒适空间中享受饮品，暗示了人与人之间的连接和共享。选项E概括了此方面的核心信息。6.B-短文第三段明确提到快速城市化给住房带来压力，导致低成本住房激增