2025年英语考研英语（一）阅读理解冲刺试卷：必考词汇与例句汇编

2025年英语考研英语（一）阅读理解冲刺试卷：必考词汇与例句汇编考试时间：______分钟总分：______分姓名：______第一部分阅读理解Theinternet,aglobalnetworkofinterconnectedcomputers,hasfundamentallyreshapedhowindividualsaccessandshareinformation.Itsdevelopmentoverthepastfewdecadeshasrevolutionizedcommunication,commerce,andentertainment,makingitanindispensabletoolinmodernsociety.However,theriseoftheinternethasalsobroughtaboutsignificantchallenges,includingissuesrelatedtoprivacy,misinformation,andthedigitaldivide.Oneofthemostprofoundimpactsoftheinternethasbeenoncommunication.Email,socialmediaplatforms,andinstantmessagingserviceshavemadeitpossibleforpeopletoconnectwithothersregardlessofgeographicaldistance.Thishasfacilitatedbothpersonalrelationshipsandprofessionalcollaborations,enablingreal-timecommunicationandtherapidexchangeofideas.Theinternethasalsodemocratizedaccesstoinformation,allowinganyonewithaninternetconnectiontoretrievevastamountsofdataonvirtuallyanytopic.Educationalresources,newsoutlets,andresearchpapersarenowreadilyavailable,empoweringindividualswithknowledgethatwasonceaccessibleonlytoaprivilegedfew.Despitethesebenefits,theinternetisnotwithoutitsdrawbacks.Privacyconcernshavebecomeincreasinglyprominentasmorepersonaldataiscollectedandstoredonline.Cybersecuritythreats,suchashackinganddatabreaches,poseasignificantrisktoindividualsandorganizationsalike.Additionally,thespreadofmisinformationandfakenewsonsocialmediaplatformshasbecomeamajorsocietalproblem,oftenwithfar-reachingconsequences.Theeasewithwhichfalseinformationcanbedisseminatedonlinemakesitdifficulttodiscernfactfromfiction,potentiallyleadingtopublicconfusionandmistrust.Anotherchallengeposedbytheinternetisthedigitaldivide.Despitethewidespreadavailabilityofinternetaccess,therearestillsignificantdisparitiesinitsadoptionandutilizationacrossdifferentregionsandsocioeconomicgroups.Ruralareas,inparticular,oftenlacktheinfrastructurenecessarytosupportreliableinternetconnectivity.Thisdisparitycreatesanunevenplayingfield,limitingopportunitiesforthosewithoutaccesstotheinternet.Effortstobridgethedigitaldividearecrucialtoensuringthateveryonecanbenefitfromtheadvancementsbroughtaboutbytheinternet.Theinternet'sinfluenceextendsbeyondcommunicationandaccesstoinformation.Ithasalsotransformedthewayweconductbusinessandengageincommerce.E-commerceplatformshaveenabledtheriseofonlineshopping,allowingconsumerstopurchasegoodsandservicesfromthecomfortoftheirownhomes.Thishasnotonlyincreasedconveniencebuthasalsocreatednewopportunitiesforsmallbusinessestoreachaglobalaudience.Theinternethasalsofacilitatedremotework,allowingemployeestocollaboratewithcolleaguesfromdifferentlocationsandemployerstoaccessawiderpooloftalent.However,theeconomicimplicationsoftheinternetarenotwithoutcontroversy.Theriseofgigeconomyplatformshascreatedflexibleworkopportunitiesformany,butithasalsoraisedconcernsaboutworkerrightsandjobsecurity.Theautomationoftasksthroughartificialintelligenceandothertechnologieshasledtofearsofwidespreadjobdisplacement.Astheeconomycontinuestoevolveinthedigitalage,itisessentialtoaddressthesechallengesandensurethatthebenefitsoftheinternetaredistributedequitably.Inconclusion,theinternethashadaprofoundimpactonmodernsociety,reshapinghowwecommunicate,accessinformation,conductbusiness,andliveourlives.Whileithasbroughtaboutnumerousbenefits,ithasalsopresentedsignificantchallengesthatneedtobeaddressed.Ensuringprivacyandsecurityonline,combatingmisinformation,bridgingthedigitaldivide,andmanagingtheeconomicimplicationsofthedigitalageareallcriticaltasksthatmustbeundertakentoharnessthefullpotentialoftheinternetwhilemitigatingitsrisks.第二部分阅读理解Theconceptofsustainabilityhasgainedsignificanttractioninrecentyearsasawarenessofenvironmentaldegradationandresourcedepletionhasincreased.Sustainabilityreferstotheabilitytomeettheneedsofthepresentwithoutcompromisingtheabilityoffuturegenerationstomeettheirownneeds.Thisprinciplehasinfluencedvarioussectors,includingagriculture,energy,andurbanplanning,associetiesstrivetocreatemoresustainablepractices.Inagriculture,sustainablepracticesaimtominimizeenvironmentalimpactwhilemaintainingproductivity.Techniquessuchascroprotation,organicfarming,andintegratedpestmanagementhelptoreducetherelianceonsyntheticfertilizersandpesticides,whichcanharmsoilhealthandbiodiversity.Sustainableagriculturealsoemphasizestheefficientuseofwaterandotherresources,aswellasthepreservationofnaturalhabitats.Byadoptingthesepractices,farmerscancontributetoahealthierenvironmentandensurethelong-termviabilityoftheiroperations.Theenergysectorhasseensignificantadvancementsinsustainabletechnologies.Renewableenergysources,suchassolar,wind,andhydroelectricpower,havebecomeincreasinglycost-effectiveandarebeingadoptedatarapidpace.Thesetechnologiesofferacleaneralternativetofossilfuels,whichareamajorcontributortoclimatechange.Additionally,energyefficiencymeasures,suchastheuseofLEDlightingandenergy-efficientappliances,helptoreduceoverallenergyconsumptionandlowergreenhousegasemissions.Urbanplanningplaysacrucialroleincreatingsustainablecities.Smartcityinitiativesleveragetechnologytooptimizeresourceuse,reducewaste,andimprovethequalityoflifeforresidents.Featuressuchaspublictransportationsystems,greenspaces,andbuildingenergycodescontributetoamoresustainableurbanenvironment.Bydesigningcitiesthatprioritizesustainability,plannerscancreatevibrant,resilientcommunitiesthatarebetterequippedtohandlefuturechallenges.Despitetheprogressmadeinvarioussectors,achievingsustainabilityremainsacomplexandmultifacetedchallenge.Economicdevelopment,socialequity,andenvironmentalprotectionmustbebalancedtocreatetrulysustainablepractices.Thisrequirescollaborationamonggovernments,businesses,andindividualstoimplementpoliciesandinitiativesthatpromotesustainability.Educationandawarenessarealsocritical,astheycanempowerpeopletomakeinformedchoicesthatcontributetoamoresustainablefuture.Theimportanceofsustainabilitycannotbeoverstated.Climatechange,resourcedepletion,andenvironmentalpollutionareurgentissuesthatrequireimmediateattention.Byadoptingsustainablepracticesacrossallsectorsofsociety,wecancreateahealthierplanetforcurrentandfuturegenerations.Thetransitiontoamoresustainableworldmaybechallenging,butthebenefitsaretoosignificanttoignore.Itisaresponsibilitythatfallsonallofustoensurethatouractionstodaydonotcompromisethewell-beingofthosewhowillcomeafterus.第三部分阅读理解Theglobaleconomyhasexperiencedsignificanttransformationsoverthepastfewdecades,drivenbytechnologicaladvancements,shiftingtradepatterns,andevolvingconsumerpreferences.Oneofthemostnotabletrendshasbeentheriseofthedigitaleconomy,whichhasreshapedhowbusinessesoperateandhowconsumersinteractwithproductsandservices.Thedigitaleconomyencompassesawiderangeofactivities,includinge-commerce,onlineadvertising,digitalcontentcreation,andtheprovisionofdigitalservices.E-commerce,inparticular,hasrevolutionizedretail,allowingconsumerstoshoponlineandhaveproductsdeliveredtotheirdoorstep.Thishasnotonlyincreasedconveniencebuthasalsocreatednewopportunitiesforbusinessestoreachaglobalaudience.Onlineadvertisinghasbecomeadominantforceinthemarketinglandscape,withbusinessesleveragingdigitalplatformstotargetspecificdemographicswithprecision.Technologicaladvancementshavebeenakeydriverofthedigitaleconomy.Innovationssuchasartificialintelligence,machinelearning,andbigdataanalyticshaveenabledbusinessestogaininsightsintoconsumerbehavior,optimizeoperations,anddevelopnewproductsandservices.Thesetechnologieshavealsofacilitatedthegrowthofthegigeconomy,whichhascreatedflexibleworkopportunitiesformanyindividuals.However,theriseofthedigitaleconomyhasalsoraisedconcernsaboutjobdisplacementandtheneedforworkerstoadapttonewtechnologicalrequirements.Shiftingtradepatternshavealsoplayedasignificantroleintheglobaleconomy.Thedeclineoftraditionalmanufacturinghubsindevelopedcountriesandtheriseofemergingeconomieshavereshapedglobaltradedynamics.CountriessuchasChinaandIndiahavebecomemajorplayersintheglobaleconomy,contributingsignificantlytoworldtradeandeconomicgrowth.Thishasledtoamorecompetitiveglobalmarket,withbusinessesfacingpressuretoinnovateandadapttochangingcircumstances.Consumerpreferenceshavealsoevolvedinthedigitalage.Consumersarenowmoreinformedanddiscerning,oftenresearchingproductsandservicesonlinebeforemakingapurchase.Theyalsoexpectseamlessexperiencesacrossmultiplechannels,whethershoppingonline,in-store,orusingmobileapps.Businessesthatfailtomeettheseexpectationsmaystruggletoremaincompetitiveinthedigitalmarketplace.Theglobaleconomy'stransitiontoamoredigitalandinterconnectedmodelhaspresentedbothopportunitiesandchallenges.Whileithascreatednewavenuesforgrowthandinnovation,ithasalsohighlightedtheneedforpoliciesandinitiativesthatpromoteinclusivityandaddressthedigitaldivide.Ensuringthateveryonehasaccesstotheinternetandtheskillsnecessarytothriveinthedigitaleconomyiscrucialforsustainableeconomicdevelopment.Inconclusion,theglobaleconomyhasundergonesignificanttransformationsinrecentdecades,drivenbytheriseofthedigitaleconomy,shiftingtradepatterns,andevolvingconsumerpreferences.Whilethesechangeshavecreatednewopportunitiesforbusinessesandconsumersalike,theyhavealsopresentedchallengesthatmustbeaddressed.Byembracinginnovation,fosteringcollaboration,andimplementingpoliciesthatpromoteinclusivity,wecanharnessthefullpotentialofthedigitaleconomyandcreateamoresustainableandequitableglobaleconomy.试卷答案第一部分阅读理解1.答案：C解析思路：文章首段指出互联网是连接全球计算机的网络，并强调其已“fundamentallyreshaped”人们获取和分享信息的方式，即从根本上重塑了。选项C“fundamentallyreshaped”与原文意思一致。选项A“facilitated”意为促进，虽然互联网确实促进了沟通，但原文强调的是更深层次的“重塑”而非仅仅促进。选项B“created”意为创造，不够准确，互联网是改变了现有的方式，而非完全创造。选项D“accelerated”意为加速，原文未明确指出速度的提升是主要影响。2.答案：B解析思路：文章第二段强调互联网“democratizedaccesstoinformation”，即民主化了信息获取。这意味着信息不再局限于少数人，而是更广泛地accessible（可获取的）。选项B“readilyavailable”意为readilyavailable（容易获得的），与“democratizedaccess”的含义相符。选项A“expensive”与文意相反。选项C“exclusive”意为排他的，与民主化相悖。选项D“limited”意为有限的，也与文意不符。3.答案：D解析思路：文章第三段明确提到“thespreadofmisinformationandfakenewsonsocialmediaplatformshasbecomeamajorsocietalproblem”，即社交媒体上错误信息和假新闻的传播已成为一个主要的社会问题。选项D“makingitdifficulttodiscernfactfromfiction”意为使其难以区分事实与虚构，这正是假新闻泛滥导致的结果。选项A“enhancingcommunication”意为增强沟通，与文意相反。选项B“promotingeducation”意为促进教育，与文意无关。选项C“encouragingdebate”意为鼓励辩论，虽然可能发生，但不是主要问题。4.答案：A解析思路：文章第三段最后一句指出“cybersecuritythreats,suchashackinganddatabreaches,poseasignificantrisktoindividualsandorganizationsalike”，即网络安全威胁（如黑客攻击和数据泄露）对个人和组织都构成重大风险。选项A“poseasignificantrisk”意为构成重大风险，与原文一致。选项B“arebeneficial”意为有益，与文意相反。选项C“areeasilypreventable”意为很容易预防，原文未提及难度。选项D“areprimarilyaconcernforgovernments”意为主要是政府关注的，原文指出对个人和组织都构成风险。5.答案：B解析思路：文章第四段讨论“digitaldivide”，指出存在“disparitiesinitsadoptionandutilizationacrossdifferentregionsandsocioeconomicgroups”，即在不同地区和社会经济群体中存在采用和利用方面的差异。选项B“limitingopportunitiesforthosewithoutaccess”意为限制没有access（机会）的人的机会，这直接体现了数字鸿沟带来的后果。选项A“promotingequality”意为促进平等，与文意相反。选项C“creatinguniformity”意为创造一致性，与差异相反。选项D“enhancingconnectivity”意为增强连接性，与文意相反。6.答案：C解析思路：文章第四段提到“Effortstobridgethedigitaldividearecrucialtoensuringthateveryonecanbenefitfromtheadvancementsbroughtaboutbytheinternet”，即弥合数字鸿沟的努力对于确保每个人都能从互联网带来的进步中受益至关重要。选项C“areessentialforequitableaccess”意为对于公平获取是必不可少的，这与“ensurethateveryonecanbenefit”的意思相符，强调公平性。选项A“areoptional”意为可选的，与“crucial”矛盾。选项B“areprimarilyfocusedonurbanareas”意为主要集中于城市地区，原文提到农村地区缺乏基础设施。选项D“arelikelytobeunsuccessful”意为很可能不成功，原文未做此预测。7.答案：D解析思路：文章第五段提到“E-commerceplatformshaveenabledtheriseofonlineshopping,allowingconsumerstopurchasegoodsandservicesfromthecomfortoftheirownhomes”，即电子商务平台使在线购物兴起，允许消费者在自己家中舒适地购买商品和服务。选项D“increasedconvenience”意为增加了便利性，这与原文“comfortable...fromtheirownhomes”的意思一致。选项A“reducedcostsforretailers”意为降低了零售商的成本，原文主要讲消费者便利。选项B“creatednewchallengesfordeliveryservices”意为为送货服务创造了新挑战，原文未提及。选项C“eliminatedtheneedforphysicalstores”意为消除了对实体店的需求，原文只说在线购物兴起，并非完全消除。8.答案：A解析思路：文章第五段提到“flexibleworkopportunitiesformany”以及第六段提到“fearsofwidespreadjobdisplacement”，即数字经济创造了灵活的工作机会，但也引发了广泛失业的担忧。选项A“creatingbothopportunitiesandthreats”意为创造了机遇和威胁，这与文章对数字经济经济影响的描述相符。选项B“primarilybenefitinglargecorporations”意为主要使大公司受益，原文未如此强调。选项C“eliminatingtheneedforhumanlabor”意为消除了对人类劳动的需求，过于绝对，与“flexibleworkopportunities”和“fearsofdisplacement”不符。选项D“focusingsolelyontechnologicalinnovation”意为仅关注技术创新，忽略了经济和社会影响。第二部分阅读理解9.答案：D解析思路：文章首段定义“sustainability”为“theabilitytomeettheneedsofthepresentwithoutcompromisingtheabilityoffuturegenerationstomeettheirownneeds”，即满足当代人的需求，同时不损害后代人满足其自身需求的能力。选项D“balancingpresentneedswithfuturecapabilities”意为平衡当前需求与未来能力，这与定义的核心思想一致。选项A“maximizingcurrentconsumption”意为最大化当前消费，与可持续性原则相悖。选项B“prioritizingeconomicgrowthovertheenvironment”意为优先考虑经济增长而非环境，与可持续性的多维度目标不符。选项C“relyingsolelyonrenewableresources”意为完全依赖可再生资源，可持续性也关注效率和资源管理。10.答案：B解析思路：文章第二段讨论农业中的可持续实践，提到“techniquessuchascroprotation,organicfarming,andintegratedpestmanagementhelptoreducetherelianceonsyntheticfertilizersandpesticides”，即这些技术有助于减少对合成肥料和农药的依赖。选项B“reducingtheuseofsyntheticinputs”意为减少合成投入物的使用，这与原文中提到的减少化肥和农药（合成投入物）相符。选项A“increasinglandproductivity”意为提高土地生产力，虽然可能是目标之一，但不是文中首要强调的。选项C“relyingmoreonmanuallabor”意为更多依赖人工劳动，原文未提及。选项D“expandingagriculturallandarea”意为扩大农业用地面积，与可持续性通常关注资源节约的目标不符。11.答案：C解析思路：文章第二段提到可再生能源（如太阳能、风能）成为“cleaneralternativetofossilfuels”，即对化石燃料的更清洁替代品。选项C“providingacleanerenergysource”意为提供更清洁的能源来源，这与原文“cleaneralternative”的意思一致。选项A“beingthemostexpensiveenergysource”意为是最昂贵的能源来源，原文未比较成本。选项B“relyingonlimitednaturalresources”意为依赖有限的自然资源，可再生能源通常被认为是取之不尽的。选项D“replacingalltraditionalpowerplants”意为取代所有传统发电厂，原文未做此说明。12.答案：A解析思路：文章第三段提到“Smartcityinitiativesleveragetechnologytooptimizeresourceuse,reducewaste,andimprovethequalityoflifeforresidents”，即智慧城市计划利用技术优化资源利用、减少浪费、提高居民生活质量。选项A“usingtechnologytoenhanceurbanefficiency”意为利用技术提升城市效率，这与“optimizeresourceuse,reducewaste”的核心目标一致。选项B“focusingonlyontrafficmanagement”意为仅关注交通管理，原文提到的是更广泛的资源利用和废物减少。选项C“displacingalargenumberofresidents”意为驱逐大量居民，与智慧城市的目标不符。选项D“reducinggovernmentspending”意为减少政府开支，原文未提及成本效益。13.答案：D解析思路：文章第四段指出实现可持续性是一个“complexandmultifacetedchallenge”，需要平衡“economicdevelopment,socialequity,andenvironmentalprotection”。选项D“requiresbalancingmultiplegoals”意为需要平衡多个目标，这与原文提到的经济、社会、环境三个方面的平衡要求相符。选项A“dependssolelyontechnologicalsolutions”意为完全依赖于技术解决方案，忽略了社会和经济因素。选项B“isprimarilyaboutenvironmentalconservation”意为主要关于环境保护，忽略了经济和社会维度。选项C“isstraightforwardandeasilyachievable”意为简单易实现，与原文“complexandmultifaceted”矛盾。14.答案：B解析思路：文章第四段最后强调“theimportanceofsustainabilitycannotbeoverstated”以及需要“ensurethatouractionstodaydonotcompromisethewell-beingofthosewhowillcomeafterus”，即确保今天的行动不损害后代人的福祉。选项B“isaresponsibilityforcurrentgenerations”意为是当代人的责任，这与原文强调的责任感一致。选项A“isonlyrelevanttowealthynations”意为仅与富裕国家相关，原文未做地域限定。选项C“canbepostponeduntilfutureproblemsbecomeurgent”意为可以推迟到未来问题变得紧急时，与原文的紧迫性相悖。选项D“isprimarilyascientificissue”意为主要是科学问题，忽略了社会和政治层面。第三部分阅读理解15.答案：C解析思路：文章首段提到“technologicaladvancements,shiftingtradepatterns,andevolvingconsumerpreferences”是驱动全球经济变化的“mostnotabletrends”，即最显著的趋势。选项C“technologicaladvancements”意为技术进步，这与原文列出的主要驱动因素之一相符。选项A“increasedglobalcompetition”意为全球竞争加剧，可能是结果之一，但原文指出的驱动因素是技术等。选项B“governmentpolicies”意为政府政策，原文未明确列为主要趋势。选项D“financialcrises”意为金融危机，原文未提及。16.答案：D解析思路：文章首段提到“reeshapinghowbusinessesoperateandhowconsumersinteractwithproductsandservices”，即重塑了企业运营方式和消费者与产品/服务的互动方式。选项D“transformingbusinessandconsumerbehavior”意为转变了商业和消费者行为，这与原文意思一致。选项A“increasingglobaltradevolume”意为增加全球贸易量，虽然可能发生，但不是原文强调的核心转变。选项B“reducingunemploymentrates”意为降低失业率，原文未提及。选项C“promotingtraditionalmanufacturing”意为促进传统制造业，与文章提到的数字化转型趋势相反。17.答案：B解析思路：文章第二段提到“e-commerce,inparticular,hasrevolutionizedretail,allowingconsumerstoshoponlineandhaveproductsdeliveredtotheirdoorstep”，即电子商务特别是革命化了零售业