2026届高三英语二轮复习课件：专题一　阅读理解　第四讲　词句猜测题

题型篇阅读之解题技巧提升第一板块核心素养之阅读篇第四讲词句猜测题专题一阅读理解词句猜测题是高考阅读理解中的“智能导航系统”,它直接检验考生在未知词汇面前的变通与解码能力。它并非考查考生的词汇量有多大,而是考查考生利用上下文线索推断生词含义的逻辑智慧。攻克这类题,意味着考生拥有了一把能打开任何文本的“万能钥匙”。考什么——透视猜测题的“命题密码”1.常见设问方式(1)直接提问词句型:以mean、referto等方式直接提问。如:Whatdoestheunderlinedword“ubiquitous”inparagraph2probablymean?Whatdoesthephrase“adouble-edgedsword”refertointhelastparagraph?(2)近义替换型:要求选出与画线词或短语意思最相近的选项。如:Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningto“scrutinize”?(3)指代关系型:提问it、they、that、such等代词具体指代的内容。如:Whatdoes“it”inthelastsentencereferto?2.正确选项特征特征类别具体描述语境决定词、短语或句子的意义由其所在的句子、段落乃至全文的语境确定。逻辑自洽将正确选项带回原文替换画线词、短语或句子,整个句子或上下文的逻辑通顺、意思连贯。功能对等正确选项与原词、短语或句子在文中的语法功能和情感色彩上保持一致。3.干扰选项特征特征类别具体描述望文生义仅根据单词的构词法(如前缀、后缀)或某个词根进行表面猜测,脱离语境。概念混淆选项内容与文章主题相关,甚至在画线词、短语或句子附近出现,但并非画线词、短语或句子本身的确切含义。反向逻辑选项的意思与正确答案恰好相反,通常是由于考生忽略了文中的否定或转折词所致。4.热点考向词义猜测题考查对纲外陌生词汇或纲内词汇生义在具体语境中的理解代词指代题考查对复杂长难句中代词指代关系的精准定位和理解句意理解题考查对习语、俚语或其他关键语句的深层含义把握5.解题步骤怎么考——铸造猜测题“四大破题利器”面对不同类型的生词、短语或句子,告别“一概靠蒙”的无奈,掌握以下三大核心考向,实现从“被动猜测”到“主动出击”的蜕变。考向一

词义猜测题——上下取证知其意为做好词义猜测题,考生应当熟练掌握《普通高中英语课程标准》规定的词汇,在训练中还要注重积累生僻词汇和短语,掌握构词法的基本知识;同时,还应学会根据上下文语境合理推测词义。下面介绍4种行之有效的猜词技法,希望对考生有所帮助。技法一

利用“解释关系”猜测词义类型1

定义作者有时会通过给某些词汇下定义来帮助读者理解词义,尤其是在一些科普类、社科类以及与专业内容相关的文章中。此时,常使用的信号词汇有i.e.、is、are、is/arecalled、mean、referto、knownas等。[典例]

(2021·全国甲卷阅读C)Isoonmadefriendswiththelocalskaters.Wespokeourownlanguage.Andmyfavorite:Safe.Safemeantcool.Itmeanthello.Itmeantdon’tworryaboutit.Once,whentryingacertaintrickonthebeam(横杆),Ifellontothestones,damaginganerveinmyhand,andTobycameover,helpingmeup:Safe,man.Safe.Afewminuteslater,whenIlandedthetrick,myfriendsbeattheirboardsloud,shouting:“Safe!Safe!Safe!”Andthat’swhatmattered—landingtricks,beingagoodskater.

29.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“Safe!Safe!Safe!”probablymean?A.Becareful! B.Welldone!C.Noway! D.Don’tworry!自主解答

B[导引]Step1:定位定义句根据信号词meant,定位定义句:Safemeantcool.Itmeanthello.Itmeantdon’tworryaboutit.Step2:结合语境验证将定义中提供的多个词义(cool,hello,don’tworry)代入画线词所在的语境。Step3:筛选匹配在作者成功完成了一次滑板动作后,同伴们都大喊“Safe!Safe!Safe!”来表示祝贺或鼓励作者。[图解]类型2

例证有时,画线词后会跟一些具体的例子,这些例子能帮助考生理解该词的词义。此时常出现的信号词汇有suchas、forexample、forinstance、like、including、especially等。[典例]

(北京卷阅读D)CertainformsofAIareindeedbecomingubiquitous.Forexample,algorithms(算法)carryouthugevolumesoftradingonourfinancialmarkets,self-drivingcarsareappearingoncitystreets,andoursmartphonesaretranslatingfromonelanguageintoanother.Thesesystemsaresometimesfasterandmoreperceptivethanwehumansare.42.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“ubiquitous”inParagraph1probablymean?A.Enormousinquantity.B.Changeabledaily.C.Stableinquality.D.Presenteverywhere.自主解答

D[导引]Step1:定位例证句信号词Forexample引出了三个例子:①金融市场的算法交易;②城市街道的自动驾驶汽车;③智能手机的语言翻译。Step2:结合语境验证例子说明了一个事实:人工智能不再是遥远的概念。Step3:筛选匹配通过例子可以推断出,ubiquitous描述的是一种“随处可见、无处不在”的状态,与D项的词义完全一致。[图解]类型3

重述作者为了使某一难懂的词或术语的含义更清楚,通常会使用常用的词或词组对其进行解释,这就是重述。重述部分通过逗号(有时也使用破折号、冒号、分号或括号)与句子的其他部分隔开或用信号词or、namely、thatis、inotherwords、thatistosay、tobemoreexact、toputitanotherway等引导。有时候也会直接在后面进行重述。[典例]

(2025·全国一卷阅读B)Asanewunitstarted,Iaskedeveryonetowriteapersuasivepieceonahealth-relatedtopicoftheirchoice.Thistimetheyfoundtheexercisemuchmoreinteresting.Forthenexttwoassignments,apersonal-narrativeunitfollowedbyacreative-writingworkshop,Ionlyrequiredthatthepiecemeetthespecificationsofitsgenre(体裁)andthatitcontainathesis.Theresultswerestaggering.Thestudentstookondiversetopicsandturnedinstories,10to20pageseach,withcharactersthatbroadenedmyviewandtouchedmyheart.26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“staggering”inparagraph3mean?A.Mixed. B.Amazing.C.Similar. D.Disturbing.自主解答

B[导引]Step1:定位重述句重述句:Thestudentstookondiversetopics...touchedmyheart.Step2:推测词义将重述的内容与之前的表现进行对比。这种从“写不出来”到“长篇佳作”的巨大转变,其结果必然是“令人印象深刻、出乎意料的”。Step3:筛选匹配重述部分描述了一个巨大的、积极的、出乎意料的变化。与B项的词义完全一致。[图解]类型4

同义词或近义词有时,在画线单词或短语的上下文会出现与之同义或近义的词汇,它往往暗示了该词或短语的含义。同义词、近义词常见的信号词汇有and、or、like、aswell、similarly、too、also、either等。[典例]

(2023·浙江1月卷阅读C)Brilliantthoughitis,ProjectDebaterhassomeweaknesses.Ittakessentencesfromitslibraryofdocumentsandprebuiltargumentsandstringsthemtogether.Thiscanleadtothekindsoferrorsnohumanwouldmake.Suchwrinkleswillnodoubtbeironedout,yettheyalsopointtoafundamentalproblem.AsKristianHammond,professorofelectricalengineeringandcomputerscienceatNorthwesternUniversity,putit:“There’sneverastageatwhichthesystemknowswhatit’stalkingabout.”29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“wrinkles”inparagraph2referto?A.Arguments. B.Doubts.C.Errors. D.Differences.自主解答

C[导引]Step1:定位同义/指代关系线索句“Suchwrinkles...”的指代词Such表明wrinkles指代的是前一句刚刚提到的事物。Step2:建立替换关系通过指代关系,我们可以建立一个同义替换:Suchwrinkles=Thekindsoferrorsnohumanwouldmake。Step3:筛选匹配C选项与线索句前句中的errors直接对应。[图解]类型5

反义词有时作者会用表示对比或转折的信号词连接意思相反的两个词或句子,这时就可以根据反义词线索猜测词义。常见的表示对比或反义的信号词汇有(whether...)or、unlike、but、yet、however、while、although、nevertheless、instead、ratherthan、incontrast、onthecontrary、ontheotherhand等。[典例]

(新高考Ⅰ卷阅读D)AccordingtoarecentstudyintheJournal

of

Consumer

Research,boththesizeandconsumptionhabitsofoureatingcompanionscaninfluenceourfoodintake.Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions(份),it’sthebeanpoleswithbigappetitesyoureallyneedtoavoid.33.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“beanpoles”inparagraph1referto?A.Bigeaters. B.Overweightpersons.C.Pickyeaters. D.Tallthinpersons.自主解答

D[导引]Step1:定位线索句。线索句中contraryto是关键信号词,它建立了一个明确的对比关系。Step2:推测词义。根据contraryto建立的反义关系,beanpoles描述的应该是与“较重的人”相反的体型。Step3:筛选匹配。beanpoles在此处的含义是“瘦人”。[图解]1.(2026·西安六校高三联考)Inpsychology,there’saconceptthatdescribesastateofpeakperformanceandenjoyment.Thisstateofcompleteabsorptioninanactivityisknownas“flow”.It’safeelingwhereyouaresoinvolvedinwhatyouaredoingthatnothingelseseemstomatter;timeflies,andyourskillsareperfectlymatchedtothechallenge.Thinkofapainter,lostinherworkforhours.Shedoesn’tnoticeshe’shungryorthatthesunhasset.Herconcentrationisabsolute,andeverybrushstrokefeelseffortlessandcorrect.Thisisaperfectillustrationofanartistinflow.运用所学方法解答下列题目Whatdoestheunderlinedword“flow”refertointhepassage?A.Afeelingthattimeispassingslowly.B.Astateofdeepfocusandimmersion.C.Theskillofanartist.D.Afeelingofhungerandtiredness.本题可以利用“

”解题。

Step1:定位

定义句:Thisstateofcompleteabsorptioninanactivityisknownas“flow”.语境点:It’safeeling...thechallenge.和后面的例证。Step2:结合语境验证将“完全沉浸”(completeabsorption)的定义代入到画家“忘我工作”(lostinherwork)的具体情境中进行检验。定义法定义句Step3:筛选匹配画家忘我工作、高度专注的状态,正是“flow”的体现,意为“深度专注和沉浸的状态”。与选项

的意思完全一致。

B2.(2026·武汉高三质检)Manywealthyindividualsbecomegreatphilanthropists,dedicatingtheirfortunestothepublicgood.Historyisfilledwithsuchfigures,includingAndrewCarnegie,whofundedthousandsofpubliclibraries,andmorerecently,BillGates,whosefoundationworkstoimproveglobalhealthandreducepoverty.Theiractionsdemonstrateapowerfulcommitmenttousingprivatewealthforsocialprogress.Theunderlinedword“philanthropists”referstopeoplewho

.

A.buildsuccessfulcompaniesB.arefamoushistoricalfiguresC.donatemoneytohelpsocietyD.writebooksabouttheirwealth本题可以利用“

”解题。Step1:定位

观点句:Manywealthyindividualsbecomegreatphilanthropists...例证点:includingAndrewCarnegie...(资助图书馆)和BillGates...(改善全球健康和减少贫困)。Step2:结合语境验证将卡内基和盖茨的例子结合分析,他们的共同行为是利用个人财富来促进公共事业、帮助社会。例证法例证句Step3:筛选匹配这些例子共同说明philanthropists是“捐钱帮助社会的人”。与选项

的意思完全一致。

C3.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读C)Partoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodforadoptingthisphilosophy:thedigitaldeclutter.Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays,youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“declutter”inparagraph3mean?A.Clear-up. B.Add-on.C.Check-in. D.Take-over.本题可以利用“

”解题。Step1:定位

观点句:...mysuggestedmethodforadoptingthisphilosophy:thedigitaldeclutter.重述点:冒号(:)和紧随其后的句子“Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.”重述了digitaldeclutter的具体做法。重述法重述句Step2:推测词义重述句的核心动作是

,即“远离那些非必要的在线活动”。这个动作的本质是暂时地“清除”或“清理”生活中的数字干扰,以达到某种目的。

Step3:筛选匹配“远离”和“清除”数字活动,意味着对数字生活进行一次整理和清理。选项

与stepawayfrom(远离、清除)的核心含义完全吻合。stepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesA4.(2026·郑州外国语学校模拟)Onthemorningofthebigexam,Sarahfeltagrowingsenseofunease.Shewasbothanxiousandquiteapprehensive,constantlycheckingtheclockandrereadinghernotes.Thisfeelingofnervousworrywasn’tnewtoher,butitseemedstrongertoday.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“apprehensive”mostlikelymean?A.Excited. B.Confident.C.Worried. D.Unprepared.本题可以利用“

”解题。

Step1:定位

线索句:Shewasbothanxiousandquiteapprehensive...线索词:句中的并列连词and以及结构both...and...是关键信号。Step2:建立替换关系根据bothanxiousandapprehensive的并列关系,可以推断apprehensive的意思与anxious基本相同。上下文也印证了这一点:agrowingsenseofunease(日益增长的不安感),constantlycheckingtheclock(不停地看表),这些都是紧张、担忧的表现。同义词法同义关系Step3:筛选匹配apprehensive在此处的含义是“焦虑的、担忧的”。选项

是对anxious最直接的同义转述,与推断的词义完全一致。

C5.(2026·秦皇岛高三质检)Whilemybrotherisalwaysseekingadventureandexcitement,Ifindcomfortinamorepredictablelife.Helovesthrillingactivitieslikeskydiving,butIpreferthemundanepleasuresofreadingabookortendingtomygarden.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mundane”mostlikelymean?A.Exciting. B.Ordinary.C.Difficult. D.Secret.本题可以利用“

”法解题。

Step1:定位线索句线索句:...butIpreferthemundanepleasuresofreadingabookortendingtomygarden.线索词:句中的转折连词

是关键信号词,它表明前后描述的情况是相反的。

反义词butStep2:推测词义对比对象:but前面描述的是兄弟喜欢thrillingactivities(刺激的活动),如skydiving(跳伞)。因此,mundane描述的乐趣应该与thrilling(刺激的)相反。Step3:筛选匹配选项

与thrilling(刺激的)形成鲜明对比,精确地描述了读书、园艺这类活动的性质,与推断的词义完全一致。

B1词汇积累:absorption

/əbˈsɔːpʃn/

n.沉浸,专注illustration

/ˌɪləˈstreɪʃn/

n.例证,说明state

of

peak

performance巅峰表现状态2词汇积累:dedicate

/ˈdedɪkeɪt/

v.致力于,奉献commitment

/kəˈmɪtmənt/

n.承诺,投入熟词生义:fortune熟义:运气,命运

生义:大量财产,巨款原文出处:...dedicating

their

fortunes

to

the

public

good.3词汇积累:optional

/ˈɒpʃənl/

adj.可选择的,非强制的熟词生义:value熟义:价值(名词);估价(动词)

生义:珍视,重视(动词)原文出处:...that

you

believe

will

provide

massive

benefits

to

the

things

you

value.4词汇积累:apprehensive

/ˌæprɪˈhensɪv/

adj.忧虑的,担心的5词汇积累:predictable

/prɪˈdɪktəbl/

adj.可预测的;墨守成规的thrilling

/ˈθrɪlɪŋ/

adj.令人兴奋的,刺激的技法二

利用“逻辑关系”猜测词义有时作者并未在文中对某个单词或短语进行明显的解释说明,此时可根据上下文的逻辑关系进行推理。类型1

转折关系在猜测词义时,两个分句之间的逻辑关系往往给我们一些重要暗示,比如转折关系。

[典例]

(2024·全国甲卷阅读B)Dogsareknownfortheirimpressivefetchinghabit,butcatstakethisbehaviorupanotch.Manycatswillfindrandomobjectsoutsideandbringthemtotheirowners.Thisisaveryoldhabitthat’sbeenpresentinallkindsofpredators(食肉动物).Catsbringgiftsfortheirownerstoshowtheyloveyou.Theseadorablelittlehuntersarejustdoingsomethingthatit’sbeenintheirnaturesincethebeginningoftime.Sojustgoalongwithit!

26.Whichbestexplainsthephrase“take...upanotch”inparagraph3?A.Performappropriately.B.Movefaster.C.Actstrangely.D.Dobetter.自主解答

D[导引]Step1:定位转折关系目标句:...butcatstakethisbehaviorupanotch.中的转折连词but是关键信号。它表明猫的行为与狗的行为相比,存在一种转折或递进关系。Step2:对比推导根据but建立的关系,既然狗已经很“令人印象深刻”了,那么猫的行为就是在此基础上的“更上一层楼”。Step3:筛选匹配“Dobetter”精确地概括了“更上一层楼”的递进含义,与推断的词义完全一致。[图解]类型2

对比关系有时,文中会对两个事物或现象进行对比性的描述,这时考生可以根据句中的对比关系来猜测词义。[典例]

(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读D)Inthewronghands,suchabookcouldproveascomplicatedtoprocessasthecomputercode(代码)thatpowersAIbut,thankfully,Campbellhasmorethantwodecades’professionalexperiencetranslatingtheheadyintotheunderstandable.Shewritesfromthepracticalangleofabusinesspersonratherthanasanacademic,makingforaguidewhichishighlyaccessibleandinformativeandwhich,bytheclose,willmakeyoufeelalmostassmartasAI.

32.Whatdoesthephrase“Inthewronghands”inparagraph2probablymean?A.Ifreadbysomeonepoorlyeducated.B.Ifreviewedbysomeoneill-intentioned.C.Ifwrittenbysomeonelesscompetent.D.Iftranslatedbysomeoneunacademic.自主解答

C[导引]Step1:定位对比关系对比对象:Inthewronghands导致的结果是complicated。与之对比的Campbell,拥有professionalexperience,能将复杂内容变得understandable。Step2:分析对比双方Campbell是一个能力出众的作者,那么,thewronghands指的就是缺乏这种能力的作者。Step3:筛选匹配选项C精确地概括了与Campbell形成对比的情况。[图解]类型3

类比关系作为一种推理方法,类比关系是指类比各对象之间存在的一种相似性(共同特征),它通过比较不同对象间的某些相似属性,从而推出另一属性也可能相似。常见的表示类比关系的信号词汇有similarly、like、also、justas、aswell等。[典例]

(2023·全国乙卷阅读D)...TheCaribbeanTaino,theAustralianAboriginals,theAfricanpeopleofBeninandtheIncas,allofwhomappearinthisbook,canspeaktousnowoftheirpastachievementsmostpowerfullythroughtheobjectstheymade:ahistorytoldthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice.Whenweconsidercontact(联系)betweenliterateandnon-literatesocietiessuchasthese,allourfirst-handaccountsarenecessarilytwisted,onlyonehalfofadialogue.Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthatconversation,wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects.34.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“conversation”inparagraph3referto?A.Problem. B.History.C.Voice. D.Society.自主解答

B[导引]Step1:定位类比关系“onlyonehalfofadialogue...theotherhalfofthatconversation”与前文“ahistorytoldthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice”形成类比。Step2:分析类比双方分析类比双方可知,作者将历史类比成一场对话,对话的一半是文字,另一半是事实,因此conversation指代的是历史。两者合在一起比喻“完整的历史”。Step3:筛选匹配“History”与类比得出的结论完全对应。[图解]1.(2026·石家庄高三质检)Theinstructionsforassemblingthebookshelflookedsimple,andIthoughtIcouldfinishitinanhour.Thetask,however,provedtobequitearduous.Ittookmetheentireafternoon,requiringalotofeffortandconcentrationtofitallthepiecestogethercorrectly.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“arduous”probablymean?A.Enjoyable. B.Creative.C.Difficult. D.Pointless.运用所学方法解答下列题目本题可以利用“

”解题。

Step1:定位转折关系线索词:句中的转折词

是关键信号。它表明任务的实际情况与之前的预期相反。

Step2:对比推导根据however建立的转折关系,arduous的意思应该与

相反。下文的解释也印证了这一点:Ittookmetheentireafternoon,requiringalotofeffortandconcentration。这些都说明任务并不简单,而是非常费力。

转折关系howeversimpleStep3:筛选匹配选项

与simple形成鲜明对比,并被“花费整个下午”和“需要大量努力”所证实,与推断的词义完全一致。

C2.(2026·长沙一中高三模拟)Thetwobrothers,TomandMark,couldnotbemoredifferentintheirsocialhabits,despitegrowingupinthesamehousehold.Tomhasalwaysbeenaquietandreservedindividual.Hefindscomfortinsolitude,preferringapeacefuleveningwithabooktoanoisysocialgathering.Hiscircleoffriendsissmallbutveryclose.Mark,ontheotherhand,isincrediblygregarious.Hethrivesinthepresenceofothersandisoftenthelifeoftheparty,tellingjokesandengagingeveryoneinconversation.Forhim,aweekendwithoutalargesocialeventfeelsempty;hedrawshisenergyfrombeingsurroundedbypeople.Theword“gregarious”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto

.

A.humorous B.energeticC.sociable D.popular本题可以利用“

”解题。

Step1:定位对比关系对比对象:前文对Tom的描述是quietandreserved(安静且内向),findscomfortinsolitude(在独处中感到舒适),preferringapeacefulevening(更喜欢宁静的夜晚)。对比关系Step2:分析对比双方根据ontheotherhand建立的对比关系,gregarious的意思应该与“安静、内向、喜欢独处”相反,即“外向、喜欢交际”。下文对Mark的具体描述也印证了这一点:thrivesinthepresenceofothers、thelifeoftheparty。这些都指向了“合群、善于社交”的特质。Step3:筛选匹配选项

完美地概括了与Tom的内向形成对比的性格特质,与推断的词义完全一致。

C3.(2026·烟台高三模拟)“Inliterature,justasaconductormeticulouslybalanceseachsectionoftheorchestra—ensuringtheviolinssoarabovethewoodwindswhilethebrasspunctuatesthemelodywithpower—askilledfilmdirectororchestrateseveryelementofproduction:fromactors’performancestolighting,sound,andcameramovement.Thedirector’svisionunifiesthesedisparatecomponentsintoacohesivewhole,guidingtheaudience’semotionaljourneythroughthenarrative.”Whatdoestheunderlinedword“orchestrates”mostlikelymean?A.Composesthescore.B.Coordinatesdifferentparts.C.Performsbeforethecamera.D.Editsthefootage.本题可以利用通过“

”解题。

Step1:定位类比关系·信号词“while”表明前后两者在功能上对应:conductor↔director。类比关系Step2:分析类比双方·Conductor→平衡各乐器组、设定节奏;·Director→协调演员、灯光、音效、摄影等;都在“调配、协调各部分”以达成整体效果。Step3:筛选匹配选项

直接对应“balances”与“unifies”的核心含义。

B1词汇积累:assemble

/əˈsembl/

v.组装,集合2词汇积累:reserved

/rɪˈzɜːvd/

adj.内向的,寡言的solitude

/ˈsɒlɪtjuːd/

n.独处,独居thrive

/θraɪv/

v.兴旺,茁壮成长;(在某种环境中)感到快乐而成功the

life

of

the

party派对的中心人物,活跃气氛的人熟词生义:circle熟义:圆圈,圆形

生义:圈子,界原文出处:His

circle

of

friends

is

small

but

very

close.3词汇积累:orchestra

/ˈɔːkɪstrə/

n.管弦乐队orchestrate

/ˈɔːkɪstreɪt/

v.精心策划,组织安排;为管弦乐队谱曲cohesive

/kəʊˈhiːsɪv/

adj.有凝聚力的,统一的narrative

/ˈnærətɪv/

n.叙事,叙述熟词生义:score

熟义:分数,得分

生义:(电影、戏剧的)配乐,总谱原文出处:(来自选项A)Composes

the

score.技法三

利用“构词法”猜测词义很多情况下,考生在阅读理解中遇到的生词是派生词或合成词。根据这些词的前缀、后缀、词根或所构成合成词的意思,熟练运用构词法来判断生词的含义是一种十分快速且有效的阅读技巧。[典例]

(新高考Ⅱ卷阅读B)Idecidedtothinkupamethodofdealingwithforbiddenfruit....MyimaginaryGrandma’sBoxworkedlikemagicthatspring,andlater.SometimesstudentswouldaskmetodescribeallthethingsIhadinit.ThenIwouldtrytorememberthedifferentpossessionsIsupposedlyhadtakenaway—sinceIseldomactuallykeptthem.Usuallytheoffenderwouldappearattheendoftheday,andIwouldreturnthebelonging.

25.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“theoffender”inparagraph8referto?A.Thestudent’sparent.B.ThemakeroftheGrandma’sBox.C.Theauthor’sgrandchild.D.Theowneroftheforbiddenfruit.自主解答

D[导引]Step1:分析构词成分offend:动词,意为“冒犯;违反”。-er:常见后缀,加在动词后表示“做……的人”。theoffender:字面意思为“冒犯者;违反者”。Step2:结合语境验证老师没收了学生的违禁品,然后“theoffender”会在放学后出现,老师把东西还给他/她。可以推断“theoffender”就是指“携带违禁品的学生”。Step3:筛选匹配“Theowneroftheforbiddenfruit.”与“违反规定、携带违禁品”的行为直接相关,与推断的词义完全一致。[图解]

(2026·湖南长郡中学高三模拟)Therapidadvancementoftechnologyhasledtoagrowingconcernaboutjobdisplacement,asautomationandartificialintelligencebecomeincreasinglycapableofperformingtasksthatwerepreviouslydonebyhumanworkers.Thisphenomenonraisesimportantquestionsaboutthefutureofworkandtheneedforindividualstoadapttochangingskillrequirements.

运用所学方法解答下列题目33.Whatdoesthephrase“jobdisplacement”mostlikelymean?A.Thecreationofnewjobopportunities.B.Themovementofworkerstodifferentindustries.C.Thelossofjobsduetotechnologicaladvancements.D.Theimprovementofworkingconditions.本题可以结合

解题。

Step1:分析构词成分placement:名词,意为“安置;放置”。dis-:前缀,表示“否定;分离”。jobdisplacement:字面意思为“工作岗位的丧失/分离”。构词法Step2:结合语境验证语境:技术的快速发展导致了人们对“jobdisplacement”的担忧,因为自动化和人工智能越来越能够执行以前由人工完成的任务。推断:“jobdisplacement”就是指“

”。Step3:筛选匹配选项

精确地概括了“工作岗位丧失”的含义,与推断的词义完全一致。

由于技术进步导致的工作岗位丧失C词汇积累advancement

/ədˈvɑːnsmənt/

n.进步,发展job

displacement职业取代,工作岗位流失automation

/ˌɔːtəˈmeɪʃn/

n.自动化考向二

代词指代题——就近原则法代词(如it、he、they、that、those等)在句中通常指代上文提到的人、物或事件。根据“就近原则”,代词指代的对象通常是离它最近的名词、短语或整个句子所表达的意思。解题时,只需找到该代词,然后向上文(通常是本句或上一句)查找,并将其指代的内容代入原句验证,看句意是否通顺、逻辑是否合理。[典例]

(2025·全国二卷阅读B)Thereareupto30studentsatanygiventimeinHo’sclass.Shegenerallyworkswiththeirregularteacherstogetlessonsandtestsbeingusedattheirhomeschools.Someteachersdon’tgivethekidsanyassignments;theyexpresssympathyinstead.“Ifeellikeitisadisservicetothekids,”Hosays.“Theythinktheirteachersdon’tcareabouttheirschoolwork.”26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”refertoinparagraph4?A.Offeringregularlessons.B.Payingextraattention.C.Assigningnoschoolwork.D.Showingnosympathy.自主解答

C[导引]Step1:定位代词。it前面的句子描述了“一些老师”的两种行为:①不布置作业;②表达同情。it指代的应该是这两种行为之一,或者整个情况。Step2:结合语境,确定指代内容。将it所在句子与前文联系起来推断,it在此指“don’tgivethekidsanyassignments”这件事。Step3:筛选匹配,锁定答案。“Assigningnoschoolwork.(不布置学校作业)”与推断的含义“don’tgivethekidsanyassignments”完全一致。[图解]

(2024·浙江1月卷阅读B)Whenwasthelasttimeyouusedatelephonebox?Imeantomakeanactualphonecall—nottoshelterfromtherain.Agesago,right?ThelasttimeIusedaphoneboxforitsintendedpurposewas...2006.Iwasconductingauditions(试演)formyplayinmytinyoldsharedhouseinLondon.Hopingtoimpresssometalentedactorstocomeandworkformefornothing,Ispreadsomethrowsoverthesofasandlitcandlestomakeitseemabitmore“youngprofessional”.运用所学方法解答下列题目AsIrushedoutdoorstoemptythewastepaperbaskets,thedoorswungshutbehindme.SuddenlyIwaslockedoutside.Mymobilephonewasinside,butluckilytherewasatelephoneboxacrossthestreet.So,IcalledDirectoryAssistance,gotputthroughtoourlandlady’smanagingagent,andhadasparekeysenttomewithjustenoughtimetogetbackinbeforetheactorsarrived.AsithasbeenmanyyearssinceIlastusedone,Ishouldhardlybesurprisedthattherearenolongeranypublictelephonesnearmyhouse.Thelastonestandinghasjustbeenturnedintoa“minicommunitylibrary”:anypasser-bycan“borrow”abookfromitsshelves,andreturnitlater,orreplaceitwithanothertitlefromtheirowncollection.Forafewmonthsafterthe“library”opened,Ididn’tbothertakingalook,asIhadassumedthatitwouldbestuffedfullofcheesylovestories.ThenInoticedfolkconductingspringcleansdroppingboxesofvoluminousbooksonvarioussubjectsthere.Andthesebookswerefree.ThisunbeatablepricepointencouragedmetoexperimentwithdozensoftitlesthatIwouldnevernormallyconsiderbuying.AndI’vediscoveredsomegreatbooks!...Whatdoestheword“it”underlinedinthefirstparagraphreferto?A.Theplay.

B.Thesharedhouse.C.Thesofa.

D.Thetelephonebox.本题可以利用“

”解题。

Step1:定位代词。定位到画线词it。it所在句为...tomakeitseemabitmore“youngprofessional”(……让它看起来更“年轻专业”一点)。根据“就近原则”,向前文查找it指代的对象。前文提到作者正在自己的tinyoldsharedhouse(小旧合租屋)里为试演做准备。就近原则法Step2:结合语境,确定指代内容。作者为了给演员留下好印象,采取了两个行动:spreadsomethrowsoverthesofas(在沙发上铺上毯子)和litcandles(点燃蜡烛)。这些行为都是为了装饰一个空间。将___________________代入

it的位置,句意变为“为了让这个合租屋看起来更‘年轻专业’一点”,