2026届高三英语二轮复习课件：专题一　阅读理解　命题新趋势强训

题型篇阅读之解题技巧提升第一板块核心素养之阅读篇命题新趋势强训专题一阅读理解新趋势强训1

思辨性语篇——议论文&说明文高考考情卷别主题语境2025·全国一卷阅读C通过历史案例和现状分析呼吁反思街道功能,重视城市宜居性。2024·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读C探讨纸质阅读与数字阅读的优劣。2023·全国乙卷阅读C英国的一些烹饪类电视节目使更多的英国人改变饮食习惯并爱上烹饪。文本特点1.语篇内容:思辨性语篇通常是议论文或说明文,探讨社会、科技、心理、文化等领域的复杂话题。2.经典结构:“提出问题/现象→分析原因/阐述机理→提出对策/展望未来”或“引出旧观点→提出新发现/质疑→对比分析/得出结论”的结构。3.逻辑严密:段落之间、句子之间由明确的逻辑关系(如因果、转折、对比、递进)连接。备考策略1.宏观把握:梳理文章的“逻辑骨架”重点关注首段(引出话题)、末段(总结或展望)以及各段的首句(段落主旨句)。2.微观突破:精准理解语言和细节·攻克长难句:遇到长句时,使用“找主干、识修饰”的方法。·突破“熟词生义”:结合语境理解其精确含义。[真题引领]

(2025·全国一卷阅读C)Whilesafetyimprovementsmighthavebeenmadetoourstreetsinrecentyears,transportstudiesalsoshowdeclinesinpedestrian(行人)mobility,especiallyamongyoungchildren.Manyparentssaythere’stoomuchtrafficontheroadsfortheirchildrentowalksafelytoschool,sotheypackthemintothecarinstead.DutchauthorsThaliaVerkadeandMarcoteBrömmelstroetarebotheredbyfactslikethese.IntheirnewbookMovement:How

to

Take

Back

Our

Streets

and

Transform

Our

Lives,theycallforarethinkofourstreetsandtheroletheyplayinourlives.Lifeoncitystreetsstartedtochangedecadesago.Wholeneighbourhoodsweredestroyedtomakewayfornewroadnetworksandkidshadtoplayelsewhere.Somecommunitiesfoughtback.Mostfamously,aCanadianjournalistwhohadmovedherfamilytoManhattanintheearly1950sledacampaigntostopthedestructionofherlocalpark.Describingheralarmatitsproposedreplacementwithanexpressway,JaneJacobscalledonhermayor(市长)tochampion“NewYorkasadecentplacetolive,andnotjustrushthrough.”SimilarcampaignsoccurredinAustraliainthelate1960sand1970saswell.Althoughthesecampaignswerewidespread,therealityisthatthemajorityofthewesterncitieswerecompletelyredesignedaroundtheneedsofthemotorcar.Thenumberofcarsonroadshasbeenincreasingrapidly.InAustraliawenowhaveovertwentymillioncarsforjustovertwenty-sixmillionpeople,amongthehighestrateofcarownershipintheworld.Weinvestalotinroadsthathelpusrushthrough,butwefailtoaccountforthetruecosts.Dowereallyrecognisewhatitcostsusasasocietywhenchildrencan’tmovesafelyaroundourcommunities?TheauthorsofMovementhaveitright:it’stimetothinkdifferentlyaboutthatstreetoutsideyourfrontdoor.【语篇解读】

本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了西方城市过度围绕汽车设计街道,导致行人流动性下降,尤其是儿童步行减少的现象,并通过历史案例和现状分析呼吁反思街道功能,重视城市宜居性。28.Whatphenomenondoestheauthorpointoutinparagraph1?A.Carsoftengetstuckontheroad.B.Trafficaccidentsoccurfrequently.C.Peoplewalklessanddrivemore.D.Pedestriansfailtofollowtherules.解析细节理解题。根据文章第一段“While

safety

improvements

might

have

been

made

to

our

streets

in

recent

years,...so

they

pack

them

into

the

car

instead.”可知,作者指出的现象是人们步行减少、开车增多,故选C项。√29.WhatweretheCanadianjournalistandothercampaignerstryingtodo?A.Keeptheircitieslivable.

B.Promoteculturaldiversity.C.Helptheneedyfamilies. D.Makeexpresswaysaccessible.解析推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Most

famously,...Jane

Jacobs

called

on

her

mayor

(市长)

to

champion‘New

York

as

a

decent

place

to

live,and

not

just

rush

through.’...and

1970s

as

well.”可推知,加拿大记者和其他运动参与者旨在保持城市宜居性,故选A项。√30.WhatcanbeinferredaboutthecampaignsinAustraliainthelate1960sand1970s?A.Theyboostedthesalesofcars.B.Theyturnedoutlargelyineffective.C.Theywongovernmentsupport.D.Theyadvocatedbuildingnewparks.√解析推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Although

these

campaigns

were...on

roads

has

been

increasing

rapidly.”可推知,20世纪60年代末和70年代澳大利亚的保护社区的运动未能阻止汽车发展,基本上没有效果,故选B项。31.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.WhytheRush? B.What’sNext?C.WheretoStay? D.WhotoBlame?解析标题归纳题。通读全文,并根据文章最后一段“We

invest

a

lot

in

roads

that

help

us...move

safely

around

our

communities?”可推知,本文批判城市过度追求交通效率、忽视行人需求的现象,A项“Why

the

Rush?

(为何匆匆?)”质问“rush

through

(匆匆通行)”的规划理念,契合主旨,最适合作为本文标题,故选A项。√分类内容词汇pedestrian

/pəˈdestriən/

n.行人mobility

/məʊˈbɪləti/

n.流动性,活动性词块be

redesigned

around围绕……重新设计have

it

right看法正确,说得对派生词、合成词expressway

n.高速公路(express+way)ownership

n.所有权(owner+-ship)ineffective

adj.无效果的(in-+effective)熟词生义champion熟义:n.冠军

生义:v.捍卫,支持,拥护原文出处:...Jane

Jacobs

called

on

her

mayor

to

champion“New

York

as

a

decent

place

to

live...”[难句分析]

Althoughthesecampaignswerewidespread,therealityisthatthemajorityofthewesterncitieswerecompletelyredesignedaroundtheneedsofthemotorcar.[分析]

Although引导让步状语从句;主句为therealityisthat...。从句thatthemajorityof...themotorcar作is的表语,用以解释主语thereality的具体内容。[译文]尽管这些(保护社区的)运动很普遍,但现实情况是,大多数西方城市都已围绕着汽车的需求被彻底地重新设计了。A(2026·太原高三模拟考试一)Ifyou’redigitallyskilled,ithaslikelybeenawhilesinceyouspentmuchtimewritingbyhand.Thelaboriousprocessoftracingoutourthoughts,letterbyletter,onthepageisbecomingathingofthepastinourscreen-dominatedworld,wheretextmessagesandthumb-typedgrocerylistshavereplacedhandwrittenlettersandstickynotes.Tokeepup,manyschoolsareintroducingcomputersasearlyaspreschool,meaningsomekidsmaylearnthebasicsoftypingbeforewritingbyhand.Althoughelectronickeyboardsofferobviousefficiencybenefits,givinguphandwritingmaycomeatasignificantcost.Typingpaysnoattentiontotheformoftheletters—onlyinvolvingrelativelysimpleanduniformmovements.Bycontrast,handwritingisacomplextask.Themotorsystemhastodelicatelyadjustthepressurethateachfingerappliesonthepentorecreateeachletter.Addingtothecomplexity,yourvisualsystemmustcontinuouslyprocessthatletterasit’sformed,withyourbrainmakingadjustmentstofingersinrealtimetocreatetheletters’shapes.“Thisprocessletsyoumakeyourbodyandwhatyouareseeingmesh,”saysRobertWiley,acognitivepsychologistattheUniversityofNorthCarolinaatGreensboro,adding“suchcomplexityiscrucialtomentaldevelopment”.Screensandkeyboardsreplacingpenandpapermightaffectkids’abilitytolearnletters,whichisactuallyanimportantpredictoroflaterreadingandmathattainments.Ifyoungchildrenarenotreceivinganyhandwritingtraining,theirbrainssimplywon’treachtheirfullpotential.Foradults,typingoftenresultsinfailingtoactuallyprocessinformation.Duringalecture,it’spossibletotypewhatthey’rehearingwordforword.Butoften,they’rejusttypingblindly,failingtomakeinformationtheirown.Ontheotherhand,takingnotesbyhandforcesthemtowriteonlykeywordsandusedrawingsorarrowstoworkthroughideas.Actually,wedon’thavetodropdigitaltools,likegraphicstabletsandsmartpens,tocapitalizeonthepowerofhandwriting.Recentresearchsuggeststhatwritingonascreenactivatesthesamebrainpathwaysaswritingonpaper.It’sthemovementthatcounts,notitsfinalform.【语篇解读】

本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了在屏幕主导的世界里,手写逐渐被打字取代。作者对比了打字和手写的不同,指出放弃手写可能会付出很大代价,如影响孩子的心理发展、学习字母的能力以及成年人对信息的处理。1.Whatdoestheauthorintendtoconveyinparagraph1?A.Abandoninghandwritingisunwise.B.Digitalliteracyisessentialnowadays.C.Handwrittencommunicationisoutofdate.D.Computercoursesareurgentlyneededinpreschools.√解析推理判断题。第一段先描述了在屏幕主导的世界里,手写逐渐被打字取代,很多学校在幼儿园时期就引入了计算机,一些孩子可能先学打字后学手写的现象,接着指出“Although

electronic

keyboards

offer

obvious

efficiency

benefits,giving

up

handwriting

may

come

at

a

significant

cost.”,即尽管电子键盘具有明显的效率优势,但放弃手写可能会付出巨大的代价。由此可知,作者在第一段想要表达放弃手写是不明智的,故选A项。2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mesh”inparagraph2mean?A.Setup. B.Runfast. C.Messup. D.Worktogether.解析词义猜测题。画线词所在句前讲手写是一项复杂的任务,运动神经系统必须精细地调整每个手指在笔上施加的压力,以重现每个字母;更复杂的是,你的视觉系统必须在字母形成的过程中不断地处理它,同时你的大脑要实时地对手指进行调整,以形成字母的形状。由此可知,此处强调在手写的过程中,你的身体和你所看见的东西会相互协调,画线词与D项的意思最为接近,故选D项。√3.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph3?A.Blindtypingcontributestobraindevelopment.B.Kidshaveapreferenceforscreensandkeyboards.C.Handwrittenmarkersaregoodforgettingideaslinked.D.Adultshavetheabilitytomemorizecomplexinformation.√解析推理判断题。根据第三段的“On

the

other

hand,taking

notes

by

hand

forces

them

to

write

only

key

words

and

use

drawings

or

arrows

to

work

through

ideas.”可知,手写笔记迫使人们只写关键词,使用图画或箭头来梳理想法,这说明手写标记有助于将想法联系起来,故选C项。4.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsusingdigitalpens?A.Doubtful. B.Critical.C.Favorable. D.Unclear.解析观点态度题。根据最后一段的内容可知,作者认为人们不必放弃数字工具来利用手写的力量,最近的研究表明在屏幕上书写会激活与在纸上书写相同的大脑神经通路,重要的是书写的动作,而不是最终形式。由此可推知,作者对使用数字笔书写持支持的态度,故选C项。√分类内容词汇laborious

/ləˈbɔːriəs/

adj.费劲的,耗时费力的dominate

/ˈdɒmɪneɪt/

v.支配,主导uniform

/ˈjuːnɪfɔːm/

adj.一致的,统一的delicately

/ˈdelɪkətli/

adv.精细地,微妙地cognitive

/ˈkɒɡnətɪv/

adj.认知的attainment

/əˈteɪnmənt/

n.成就,造诣activate

/ˈæktɪveɪt/

v.激活,使活动词块a

thing

of

the

past

过时之物

word

for

word

一字不差地work

through梳理,解决

capitalize

on

充分利用派生词、合成词efficiency

n.效率(efficient+-cy)complexity

n.复杂性(complex+-ity)predictor

n.预示物(predict+-or)熟词生义trace熟义:n.痕迹v.追踪生义:v.(用笔、手指等)描摹,勾画原文:The

laborious

process

of

tracing

out

our

thoughts,letter

by

letter...[难句分析]

Althoughelectronickeyboardsofferobviousefficiencybenefits,givinguphandwritingmaycomeatasignificantcost.[分析]

Although引导让步状语从句;主句为givinguphandwritingmaycomeatasignificantcost,其中动名词短语givinguphandwriting作主语。[译文]尽管电子键盘提供了明显的效率优势,但放弃手写可能会付出巨大的代价。B(2026·济南高三模拟考试)Imaginewakinguponemorningtofindyoursmartphonemissing.Youcannolongergetguidedtowork,orderyourcoffee,orconnectwithfriends.Formostofus,itisanightmare(噩梦).Butitshouldnotbeexactlyfar-fetched.Despitebeingmoredigitallyconnectedthanever,wearelonelierandmoreanxious.Anxietyratesincreasedby25%globally.Depressionnowaffectsover280millionpeopleworldwide.Allofthisisduetoourgrowingdependenceonsocialmediaandsmarttechnologiesdesignedtoofferquickreliefbutoftenattheexpenseofdeep,meaningfulengagement,whichmayfurthercauseourlossofsomethingeasytobeignored.Whiletheseconveniencesoffershort-termrelief,theymayweakenourthinkingskills.Forexample,GPShasundeniablytransformedhowwetravel.Buta2020studyfoundthatfrequentGPSusersstrugglemorewithself-guidednavigation.Overtime,thosewhodependedmoreonGPSshowedasharpdeclineinspacialmemoryandproblem-solvingskills.However,reducingdependenceontheseconveniencescanleadtodiscomfort.Inseekingcomforttoday,wemightbetradingawaysomediscomfort.Thatistheproblem:theverydiscomfortweavoidisoftenwhatstrengthensus.Viewingstress,akindofdiscomfort,asachallengeratherthanathreatleadstobetteroutcomes.Researchshowsthatmildstresscanenhanceadaptability.Neuroscience(神经科学)revealsthatneuroplasticity—thebrain’sabilitytoformnewconnections—isenhancedthroughchallengingexperiences.Thisadaptabilityiscrucialfordevelopingresilience(适应力),aprocessfueledbybothmentalchallengesandactiveeffort.Butthisdoesn’tmeanweshouldrejectcomfortentirely;it’stobalanceitwithintentionaldiscomfort.Thinkofitas“microdosinghardship”—aseriesofsmall,manageabledifficultiesthatkeepourmentalandemotionalmusclesstrong,suchaswritingwithapen,orwashingdishesbyhand.Thesesmallactsareenoughtoreawakentheresiliencewe’veburiedunderlayersofease.So,thenexttimeyoufeelthepullofease,pause.Askyourself:Isthismomentarycomforthelpingmegroworisitkeepingmestuck?Choosingdiscomfortisn’teasy,butsometimes,it’sworthit.【语篇解读】

本文是一篇议论文。文章主要通过指出数字便利会给人们带来思维能力被削弱等潜在负面影响,说明了不适感可以给人们带来好处,并提倡通过“微剂量困难”来增强心理和情感韧性。1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“far-fetched”inParagraph1probablymean?A.Possibletochange.

B.Certaintofunction.C.Unlikelytobesettled. D.Unabletobeaccepted.解析词义猜测题。画线词前面讲到对我们大多数人来说,这(离开智能手机)是一场噩梦。根据画线词所在句中的But

可知,此处表转折,与上文意思相反,表示但这并非无法接受,故选D项。√2.Whatmaydigitalconveniencescauseaccordingtothetext?A.Thefastbutworthlessrelief.B.Themeaningfulengagement.C.Thelossofthinkingcapacity.D.Thelackofnecessarycomfort.解析细节理解题。根据第三段首句“While

these

conveniences

offer

short-term

relief,they

may

weaken

our

thinking

skills.(虽然这些便利提供了短期的解脱,但它们可能会削弱我们的思维能力)”可知,数字便利可能导致思考能力的下降及丧失,故选C项。√3.Whichisareal-lifeapplicationof“microdosinghardship”?A.Takingthestairsinsteadofthelift.B.Orderingtake-outfoodafterwork.C.ExploringanewcitybyusingGPS.D.Writinganemailusingvoice-to-text.解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Think

of

it

as‘microdosing

hardship’—a

series

of

small...or

washing

dishes

by

hand.”可知,采取“微剂量困难”的实际行动是做一些小的、可以处理的困难的事情,故选A项。√4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.GPS:theinvisiblecostofconvenienceB.Stress:themaincauseofbraindamageC.Discomfort:ahiddensourceofresilienceD.Smartphones:barrierstohumanprogress√解析标题归纳题。通读全文尤其是第四段中的“That

is

the

problem:the

very

discomfort

we

avoid

is

often

what

strengthens

us.(那就是问题所在:我们避免的不适往往正是让我们变得坚强的东西)”可知,文章主要以数字便利带来的潜在负面影响为切入点,讲述了不适感可以通过让我们经历挑战来增强我们的适应力。因此C项最符合文章的主旨,故选C项。分类内容词汇navigation

/ˌnævɪˈɡeɪʃn/

n.导航

spacial

/ˈspeɪʃl/

adj.空间的resilience

/rɪˈzɪliəns/

n.适应力;恢复力词块short-term

relief

短期慰藉

trade

away

放弃,屈服keep

sb

stuck

使某人停滞不前派生词、合成词undeniably

adv.不可否认地(un-+deny+-able+-ly)manageable

adj.可处理的,可管理的(manage+-able)熟词生义stuck熟义:v.(stick的过去式/分词)粘贴;卡住生义:adj.停滞不前的,无法取得进展的原文出处:...or

is

it

keeping

me

stuck?[难句分析]

Allofthisisduetoourgrowingdependenceonsocialmediaandsmarttechnologiesdesignedtoofferquickreliefbutoftenattheexpenseofdeep,meaningfulengagement,whichmayfurthercauseourlossofsomethingeasytobeignored.[分析]主句为Allofthisisduetoourgrowingdependence...;designedtooffer...meaningfulengagement为过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰前面的socialmediaandsmarttechnologies;which引导非限制性定语从句。[译文]所有这一切都归因于我们对社交媒体和智能技术日益增长的依赖,社交媒体和这些技术被设计用来提供短暂的慰藉,却往往以牺牲深度的、有意义的人际交往为代价,而这种状况可能会进一步导致我们失去一些容易被忽略的东西。新趋势强训2

跨学科语篇——社科类&新名词类在当前的高考评价体系改革背景下,考试越来越注重对考生核心素养的考查。社科类和新名词类跨学科语篇正是承载这一考查目标的绝佳载体。高考考情卷别主题语境2024·浙江1月卷阅读D在信息化时代,信息轰炸让我们摄入了太多精神“垃圾食品”。2023·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读D“群体智慧”效应,指出群体讨论的结果比个人思考的结果更准确。2021·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读D情商的普及总体上利大于弊,作者希望科技的进步能为此类研究提供新的视角。文本特点1.跨学科性:文章内容常常融合社会学、心理学、经济学、科技、教育学等多个领域的知识。2.概念新颖:文章通常会引入一个核心的新名词、新理论或社会现象。3.观点思辨性:作者的观点往往不是绝对的,而是客观、辩证且有保留的。备考策略1.拓展阅读视野:阅读英文主流媒体的科技、社会、观点等版块。2.思维导图训练:在进行上述阅读时,养成用思维导图梳理文章结构的习惯。3.快速筛选信息:做题时,先定位到相关段落,快速抓住该段的中心句,再去看具体的例子和数据。[真题引领]

(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读D)OnMarch7,1907,theEnglishstatisticianFrancisGaltonpublishedapaperwhichillustratedwhathascometobeknownasthe“wisdomofcrowds”effect.Theexperimentofestimationheconductedshowedthatinsomecases,theaverageofalargenumberofindependentestimatescouldbequiteaccurate.Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrorsaren’talwaysthesame.Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimate,andsometounderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether,theycanceleachotherout,resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendtomakethesameerrors,thentheirerrorswon’tcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople’sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons,people’serrorsbecomecorrelatedordependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.ButanewstudyledbyJoaquinNavajasofferedaninterestingtwist(转折)onthisclassicphenomenon.Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion,theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.Forinstance,theaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantlymoreaccuratethantheaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Didtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?Thishappenedsomeofthetime,butitwasn’tthedominantresponse.Mostfrequently,thegroupsreportedthatthey“sharedargumentsandreasonedtogether.”Somehow,theseargumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductioninerror.AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain,thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingareenormous.【语篇解读】

本文是一篇议论文。作者主要从几个角度探讨“群体智慧”效应,指出群体讨论的结果比个人思考的结果更准确。32.Whatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?A.Themethodsofestimation.B.Theunderlyinglogicoftheeffect.C.Thecausesofpeople’serrors.D.ThedesignofGalton’sexperiment.解析段落大意题。通读第二段内容可知,“群体智慧”要求人们的估计是独立的,估计的独立性越高,准确率越高,反之亦然。所以本段解释了“群体智慧”效应的底层逻辑,故选B项。√33.Navajas’studyfoundthattheaverageaccuracycouldincreaseevenif

.

A.thecrowdswererelativelysmallB.therewereoccasionalunderestimatesC.individualsdidnotcommunicateD.estimateswerenotfullyindependent√解析推理判断题。结合第二段中的“In

more

technical

terms,the

wisdom

of

crowds

requires

that

people’s

estimates

be

independent.”和第三段中的“when

crowds

were

further

divided...independent

individuals”可知,Navajas的研究发现,即使团队成员的估计不是完全独立的,平均准确率依旧会提升,故选D项。34.Whatdidthefollow-upstudyfocuson?A.Thesizeofthegroups.

B.Thedominantmembers.C.Thediscussionprocess. D.Theindividualestimates.解析细节理解题。根据第四段中的“the

researchers

tried

to

get

a

better

sense

of

what

the

group

members

actually

did

in

their

discussion”可知,在后续研究中,研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中实际做了些什么。因此,后续研究的重点是小组内的讨论过程,故选C项。√35.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardNavajas’studies?A.Unclear. B.Dismissive.C.Doubtful. D.Approving.解析观点态度题。最后一段作者说,虽然Navajas的研究有局限性,但是从他的研究来看,团队讨论和做决定的潜在影响是巨大的,由此判断作者对Navajas的研究持支持态度,故选D项。√词汇dominant

/ˈdɒmɪnənt/

adj.首要的,占支配地位的reason

/ˈriːz(ə)n/

v.思考,推理词块in

technical

terms用专业的术语来说

go

with同意,接受派生词、合成词statistician

n.统计学家(statistic+-ian)estimation

n.估算(estimate+-ion)overestimate

v.&

n.高估(over+estimate)underestimate

v.&

n.低估(under+estimate)correlate

v.(使)相互关联(cor-+relate)dismissive

adj.轻蔑的,鄙视的(dismiss+-ive)熟词生义twist熟义:n.&

v.扭转;弯曲

生义:n.新变化/转折原文出处:...offered

an

interesting

twist

on

this

classic

phenomenon.[难句分析]

Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion,theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.[分析]主句为Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthat...;thatwhen...为that引导的表语从句,其中when引导时间状语从句,thatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion是that引导的定语从句,修饰groups。[译文]这项研究的关键发现是,当人群被进一步分成更小的群体并允许他们进行讨论时,这些群体给出的平均值比同样数量的独立个体给出的平均值更准确。A(2026·常州高三调研)Thetechnologicalsingularity(技术奇点)isatheoreticalscenariowheretechnologicalgrowthbecomesuncontrollableandirreversible,leadingtoprofoundandunpredictablechangestohumancivilization.Intheory,thisphenomenonisdrivenbytheemergenceofartificialintelligence(AI)thatsurpasseshumancognitive(认知的)capabilitiesandcanautonomouslyenhanceitself.Thetheorysuggeststhatsuchadvancementscouldevolveatapacesorapidthathumanswouldbeunabletoforeseeorstoptheprocess.Theimplicationsofreachingthissingularitypointcouldbegoodordisastrousforthehumanrace.Fornow,theconceptstayswithintheboundariesofsciencefiction,butnonetheless,it’sstillworththinkingaboutwhatsuchafuturemightlooklike,sothathumanitymightsteerAIdevelopmentinsuchawayastopromoteitscivilizationalinterests.Thetimelineforreachingthetechnologicalsingularityisasubjectofmuchdebateamongexperts.RayKurzweil,oneofthemostvocaladvocatesofthesingularity,hasfamouslypredictedthatthesingularityisnearandwillhappenby2045.HispredictionisbasedontrendssuchasMoore’slawandtheincreasingrateoftechnologicaladvancementsinfieldssuchascomputing,AIandbiotechnology.Otherexpertscastmoredoubtonthepredictionorproposedifferenttimelines.SomesuggestthatwhileAIwillcontinuetoadvance,thecomplexitiesandunforeseenchallengesofachievingsuperintelligencemightdelaythesingularitybeyondthiscentury,ifithappensatall.SystemstheoristRichardCoren,inhisbookThe

Evolutionary

Trajectory,projectsasingularityin2140.Technological,ethicalandregulatorychallengesmightallpotentiallyslowthepaceofAIdevelopment.Moreover,figuressuchasRomanYampolskiypointoutthatpredictingtheexacttimelineisextremelydifficultduetotheexceptionalnatureofthesingularityitself.Thedevelopmentsleadingtoasingularityinvolvemanyvariables,includingbreakthroughsinAIalgorithms,hardwarecapabilitiesandsocietalfactorsthatarehardtoforecastwithaccuracy.EamonnHealy,aprofessoratSt.Edward’sUniversity,assumestheevolution,particularlyintermsoftechnologicalandintellectualadvancement,isproceedingatanever-increasingpace,compressingwhatusedtotakemillenniaintocenturiesandevenshortertimeframes.Thisconceptoftheacceleration(加速)oftechnologicaladvancementsechoestheviewsoffuturistssuchasRayKurzweil,whopredictthatsuchchangesmightoccuraroundthemid-21stcentury.【语篇解读】

本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了技术奇点的概念、影响及专家对其到来时间的争议。1.Theunderlinedword“steer”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto

.

A.quicken B.restrict C.direct

D.predict解析词义猜测题。根据画线单词所在句“For

now,the

concept

stays...its

civilizational

interests.”可知,技术奇点目前还处于科幻范畴,但思考其未来模样很有价值,目的是为了人类引导人工智能发展,进而促进文明利益。由此推知,画线词steer意思是“引导、指引”。故选C。√2.Ifanexpertforeseesthesingularityinlessthan30years,whomightheteamupwith?A.RayKurzweilandRichardCoren.B.EamonnHealyandRayKurzweil.C.RomanYampolskiyandEamonnHealy.D.RichardCorenandRomanYampolskiy.√解析细节理解题。根据第三段的“Ray

Kurzweil,one

of

the

most

vocal

advocates

of

the

singularity,has

famously

predicted

that

the

singularity

is

near

and

will

happen

by

2045.”以及最后一段“Eamonn

Healy...the

mid-21st

century.”可知,如果一位专家预测技术奇点将在不到30年内出现,他可能会与雷·库兹韦尔和伊蒙·希利的观点一致。故选B。3.WhatbestdescribesRomanYampolskiy’sattitudetowardpredictingthesingularity?A.Reserved. B.Optimistic.

C.Indifferent. D.Neutral.解析观点态度题。根据第五段的“Moreover,figures

such

as

Roman

Yampolskiy

point

out

that

predicting

the

exact

timeline

is

extremely

difficult

due

to

the

exceptional

nature

of

the

singularity

itself.”可推知,罗曼·亚姆波尔斯基对预测技术奇点的态度是有所保留的。故选A。√4.Whichstatementbestsummarizesthepassage?A.Thesingularityisaguaranteedeventwithclearbenefits.B.Thesingularity’stimelineandimplicationsremainuncertain.C.Expertsagreethesingularitywilloccurby2045withoutdelay.D.AIdevelopmentisacceleratedduetoregulatoryobstacles.√解析主旨大意题。根据全文内容,尤其是第一段“The

technological

singularity(技术奇点)...to

human

civilization.”可知,文章主要讲述了技术奇点的概念、不同专家对其发生时间的预测以及预测的不确定性。由此可知,B选项“技术奇点的时间线和影响仍然不确定”最能概括文章大意。故选B。分类内容词汇irreversible

/ˌɪrɪˈvɜːsəbl/

adj.不可逆转的,无法挽回的profound

/prəˈfaʊnd/

adj.深刻的,深远的词块within

the

boundaries

of

在……的范围内cast

doubt

on对……表示怀疑派生词、合成词unpredictable

adj.不可预测的(un-+predict+-able)biotechnology

n.生物技术(bio-+technology)熟词生义echo熟义:n.回声v.发出回声

生义:v.重复,附和(观点)原文出处:This

concept...echoes

the

views

of

futurists

such

as

Ray

Kurzweil...[难句分析]

Fornow,theconceptstayswithintheboundariesofsciencefiction,butnonetheless,it’sstillworththinkingaboutwhatsuchafuturemightlooklike,sothathumanitymightsteerAIdevelopmentinsuchawayastopromoteitscivilizationalinterests.[分析]这是一个由but连接的并列复合句,其中包含一个what引导的宾语从句和一个sothat引导的目的状语从句。[译文]目前,这一概念仍停留在科幻小说的范畴内,但即便如此,思考一下这样的未来会是什么样子仍然有价值,这样人类就能以这种方式引导人工智能的发展来促进其文明利益。B(2026·南昌高三模拟检测)Whatifeverythinghappensforareason?It’satheorythatwe’veallheardmorethanonce.Andinmanyways,burnttoasttheorycanbeseenasamoderntakeonthisclassicidea,implyingthateverylittleinconvenienceweexperienceinourday-to-dayliveshappensforabiggerreason.We’veallbeenthere.Sayyouaccidentallyburnyourtoastbeforeleavingforwork.Accordingtoburnttoasttheory,thissingle,tinyinconvenienceisenoughtohaveadominoeffect(多米诺效应).Yourmorningisthenpushedbackbywhatmaybethreetofiveminutes.Perhapsthatisenoughtimetoleavethehousealittlebitlaterthanusual,andtoavoidgettinginacaraccident.Oritmightmeanyouendupgettingalatertrain,andavoidbumpingintosomeonewhoyou’dreallyratheravoid.Inotherwords,burnttoasttheoryisaremindertoshiftyourthinkingpattern.Whenwechoosetoviewtheworldinamorepositivelight,wecanhelptoreducefeelingsofanxiety,andreleaseourfearofbeingoutofcontroloftheworldaroundus.Itpreventsusfromthinkingoversomethingthatisn’treallyallthatbadinthegrandperspectiveofthingsa