2025年英语四六级阅读冲刺押题试卷：阅读理解与长尾词

2025年英语四六级阅读冲刺押题试卷：阅读理解与长尾词考试时间：______分钟总分：______分姓名：______第一部分阅读理解(共2篇，每篇10分，满分20分)PassageOneTheriseofthe"gigeconomy"hasbeenoneofthemostsignificanttransformationsinthelabormarketoverthepastdecade.Characterizedbyshort-termcontractsorfreelanceworkasopposedtopermanentjobs,itencompassesawidearrayofprofessions,fromride-sharingdriversandfooddeliverypersonneltoindependentconsultantsanddesigners.Platformsmediatingthesetransactions,suchasUber,TaskRabbit,andUpwork,haveconnectedmillionsofworkerswithclientsglobally,offeringflexibilityandautonomythattraditionalemploymentoftenlacks.Proponentsarguethatthegigeconomyprovidescrucialopportunitiesforindividuals,particularlyinregionswithlimitedjobmarketsorforthoseseekingtobalanceworkwithothercommitments.Theflexibilityallowsworkerstochoosetheirhours,projects,andsometimeseventhetypesofworktheyengagein.Thisautonomyishighlyvalued,especiallybyyoungergenerationsandthosere-enteringtheworkforce.Furthermore,itcanserveasavitalsafetynet,providingincomeduringperiodsofunemploymentorwhileindividualssearchformorepermanentpositions.However,criticsraiseseriousconcernsaboutthesustainabilityandsecurityofgigwork.Manygigworkerslackbenefitssuchashealthinsurance,paidleave,andretirementplans,whichareoftenprovidedintraditionalemployment.Theinstabilityofincome,fluctuatingbetweenhighandlowperiods,createsfinancialanxiety.Moreover,theclassificationofgigworkersasindependentcontractorsratherthanemployeesmeanstheyoftendonotreceiveprotectionunderlaborlawsdesignedtosafeguardtraditionalworkers,suchasminimumwageguaranteesorovertimepay.Thislegalambiguitycanleadtoexploitationandleavesworkersvulnerable.Thefutureofthegigeconomylikelyinvolvesacontinuedcoexistencewithtraditionalemploymentmodels.Astechnologyevolvesandsocietalneedschange,theboundariesbetweenpermanentandtemporaryworkmaybecomeevenmoreblurred.Policymakersfacethecomplexchallengeofregulatingthisrapidlygrowingsectorwithoutstiflingitsinnovationandflexibility,whilealsoensuringfairtreatmentandsecurityfortheworkersitemploys.Questions:1.Accordingtothepassage,whataretheprimarycharacteristicsthatdistinguishthegigeconomyfromtraditionalemployment?2.Whatspecificbenefitsofgigworkarehighlightedbyitsproponents?3.Theword"mediating"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:4.Whatarethemainconcernscitedbycriticsregardingthefinancialsecurityofgigworkers?5.Whatlegalstatusdocriticsargueisoftenassignedtogigworkers,andwhatimplicationsdoesthishave?6.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestaboutthefuturerelationshipbetweenthegigeconomyandtraditionalemployment?7.Basedonthepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsaccuratelyreflectstheperspectiveofgigworkerswhovalueflexibility?8.Thepassageindicatesthatthegigeconomyoperatesthroughplatformsthatconnectworkerswithclients.Whatpotentialnegativeconsequenceofthisplatform-basedmodelisimpliedbythediscussiononworkerclassification?9.Howdoestheauthordescribethechallengefacedbypolicymakersregardingthegigeconomy?10.Considertheargumentspresentedforandagainstthegigeconomy.Whichpotentialbenefitmentionedinthepassagemightbeseenaspartiallyoffsettingoneofthemajordrawbacks?PassageTwoTheconceptof"deepwork,"popularizedbyCalNewport,referstotheabilitytofocuswithoutdistractiononacognitivelydemandingtask.Inaneradominatedbyconstantdigitalnotifications,socialmedia,andthepressuretomultitask,thecapacityfordeepworkisbecomingincreasinglyrareandvaluable.Itinvolvesminimizingexternalinterruptionsandeliminatinginternaldistractionstoachieveastateofflow,whereproductivityandcreativityaresignificantlyenhanced.Engagingindeepworkoffersnumerousadvantages.Itenablesindividualstotacklecomplexproblemsthatrequiresustainedconcentrationandcriticalthinking.Whenimmersedinataskwithoutdistraction,deeperinsightscanbegained,andhigherqualityworkisproduced.Thisisparticularlycrucialinprofessionalenvironmentswhereinnovationandproblem-solvingarekeydriversofsuccess.Furthermore,individualswhomasterdeepworkoftenfindthatitleadstogreaterjobsatisfactionandasenseofaccomplishment,astheyareabletoproducemeaningfulresults.However,cultivatingthehabitofdeepworkischallengingintoday'shyper-connectedworld.Thepervasivenatureofdigitaltechnologyandthesocietalexpectationtobeconstantlyavailablecreatesignificantobstacles.Manyfinditdifficulttodisconnectfromemails,messages,andsocialmediafeeds,evenwhenattemptingtofocus.Thebraindoesnoteasilyswitchbetweentasks;frequentswitchingcanactuallydiminishoverallproductivityandincreasethelikelihoodoferrors.Moreover,theinstantgratificationprovidedbyquickdigitalinteractionscanmakesustainedfocusonlong-term,demandingprojectsfeeldauntingorlessappealing.Despitethesechallenges,thebenefitsofdeepworkaretoosignificanttoignore.Individualscanimprovetheirperformance,enhancetheircareerprospects,andpotentiallyachievegreaterpersonalfulfillmentbymakingaconsciousefforttocultivatethisskill.Strategiessuchasschedulingspecificblocksoftimeforfocusedwork,creatingphysicalanddigitalenvironmentsthatminimizedistractions,andpracticingmindfulnesstechniquescanhelpindevelopingthedisciplineneededfordeepwork.Inaworldthatoftenvaluesspeedandbreadthoverdepth,theabilitytoconcentratedeeplyisasuperpowerthatoffersadistinctcompetitiveadvantage.Questions:11.Whatisthecentralideaofthepassagediscussing"deepwork"?12.Accordingtothepassage,whataretwokeycognitivebenefitsderivedfromengagingindeepwork?13.Thephrase"sustainedconcentration"inthesecondparagraphisbestunderstoodas:14.Whataredescribedasmajorobstaclestoachievingastateofdeepworkinthemodernworld?15.Howdoesthepassagecharacterizethetransitionbetweentaskswhenattemptingtomultitask?16.Accordingtotheauthor,whataresomepracticalstrategiesmentionedforcultivatingtheabilitytododeepwork?17.Thepassagesuggeststhatdeepworkcanleadtogreaterpersonalfulfillment.Whatmightbeareasonforthis,asimpliedinthetext?18.Inthecontextofprofessionalenvironments,whyistheabilitytododeepworkconsideredvaluable?19.Thepassagecontrastsdeepworkwiththe"instantgratification"providedbydigitalinteractions.Whatdoesthiscontrasthighlightaboutthenatureofdeepwork?20.Consideringtheincreasingimportanceofdeepwork,whatskillorqualitydoestheauthoridentifyasofferinga"distinctcompetitiveadvantage"?---试卷答案第一部分阅读理解PassageOne1.Short-termcontractsorfreelanceworkversuspermanentjobs;flexibilityandautonomyoffered.**解析思路：*问题询问区分特征。文章首段明确指出“gigeconomy”的特点是“short-termcontractsorfreelanceworkasopposedtopermanentjobs”，即短期合同或自由职业，而非永久性工作。同时，紧接着提到“flexibilityandautonomythattraditionalemploymentoftenlacks”，即传统工作常常缺乏的灵活性和自主性。因此，这两个是核心区分点。2.Flexibility,autonomy,andtheabilitytochoosehours,projects,andtypesofwork.**解析思路：*问题询问支持者强调的具体好处。文章第二段明确列举了支持者的观点，指出灵活性（flexibility）允许选择工作时间、项目和工作类型，自主性（autonomy）受到高度评价，并且可以作为就业不足时的安全网。这些都是具体的好处。3.Interveningoractingasago-between.**解析思路：*问题要求找出"mediating"在文中的最接近含义。文章提到平台“platformsmediatingthesetransactions”，这些交易指代前文提到的“contractsorfreelancework”。平台在此扮演了连接工人与客户的角色，起到了中间人或调停者的作用。因此，"intervening"或"actingasago-between"与之意义接近。4.Instabilityofincomeduetofluctuatingperiodsandlackofbenefitslikehealthinsurance,paidleave,andretirementplans.**解析思路：*问题询问批评者关于经济安全的主要担忧。文章第三段明确阐述了批评者的主要担忧，包括收入的不稳定性（instabilityofincome）和波动性（fluctuatingperiods），以及缺乏传统工作提供的福利（benefitssuchashealthinsurance,paidleave,andretirementplans）。这些都是对财务安全的担忧。5.Independentcontractors.**解析思路：*问题询问批评者认为的工人法律地位及其影响。文章第三段指出批评者认为“gigworkersareclassifiedasindependentcontractorsratherthanemployees”。接着说明这种分类（classification）意味着他们通常不享有旨在保护传统工人的法律（laborlaws），这暗示了法律地位带来的影响是缺乏保护。6.Acontinuedcoexistencewithtraditionalemploymentmodels,withevolvingboundaries.**解析思路：*问题询问作者对未来关系的预测。文章最后一段明确指出，未来“thegigeconomylikelyinvolvesacontinuedcoexistencewithtraditionalemploymentmodels”，即gig经济可能与传统就业模式继续共存。同时提到，“theboundariesbetweenpermanentandtemporaryworkmaybecomeevenmoreblurred”，即永久性和临时性工作的界限可能变得更加模糊，暗示了共存和演变。7.Theyvaluetheabilitytomanagetheirownscheduleandchoosetheworktheyengagein.**解析思路：*问题基于文章内容，询问看重灵活性的工作者的视角。文章第二段阐述支持者（通常也是自由职业者）认为灵活性的好处在于可以“choosetheirhours,projects,andsometimeseventhetypesofworktheyengagein”，即选择自己的工作时间、项目和参与的工作类型。这反映了他们看重自主安排和管理时间的能力。8.Potentialexploitationandvulnerabilityofworkersduetothelackoflegalprotectionsassociatedwiththeindependentcontractorstatus.**解析思路：*问题询问平台模式可能带来的负面后果，结合工人分类讨论。文章第三段讨论了将工人归类为“independentcontractors”的后果，即他们“donotreceiveprotectionunderlaborlawsdesignedtosafeguardtraditionalworkers”，如最低工资保障和加班费。这暗示了平台模式（通过分类）可能导致工人缺乏法律保护，从而可能被剥削（exploitation）且处于脆弱（vulnerability）状态。9.Regulatingtherapidlygrowingsectorwithoutstiflingitsinnovation,flexibility,andensuringfairtreatmentforworkers.**解析思路：*问题询问作者描述的政策制定者面临的挑战。文章最后一段明确指出政策制定者面临的“complexchallenge”是“regulatingthisrapidlygrowingsectorwithoutstiflingitsinnovationandflexibility,whilealsoensuringfairtreatmentandsecurityfortheworkersitemploys”，即监管这个快速增长的行业，同时不扼杀其创新和灵活性，并确保对其雇员的公平待遇和安全。10.Theflexibilitytochooseprojects(abenefit)mightoffsetthedrawbackofincomeinstability.**解析思路：*问题要求根据文中论点，找出一个潜在好处可能部分抵消一个主要缺点的例子。文章第二段提到灵活性是主要好处之一。文章第三段提到主要缺点是收入不稳定（financialanxietyduetofluctuatingincome）。一个人可能因为灵活性可以在收入低的时候选择高回报的项目，从而部分弥补收入不稳的缺点。因此，选择项目带来的灵活性可以部分抵消收入不稳定的缺点。PassageTwo11.Theabilitytofocuswithoutdistractiononacognitivelydemandingtask.**解析思路：*问题询问“deepwork”的核心概念。文章第一段开门见山定义了“deepwork”，指出其是指“theabilitytofocuswithoutdistractiononacognitivelydemandingtask”，即在不受干扰的情况下专注于需要认知能力的任务的能力。12.Tacklingcomplexproblemsthatrequiresustainedconcentrationandcriticalthinking;producinghigherqualitywork.**解析思路：*问题询问参与深度工作带来的两个认知益处。文章第二段阐述了深度工作的好处，首先提到它“enablesindividualstotacklecomplexproblemsthatrequiresustainedconcentrationandcriticalthinking”，即能够应对需要持续专注和批判性思维的复杂问题。接着马上补充，“Whenimmersedinataskwithoutdistraction,deeperinsightscanbegained,andhigherqualityworkisproduced”，即在不受干扰的情况下沉浸于任务中，可以获得更深层的见解，并产生更高质量的工作。这两点是明确的认知益处。13.Maintainingfocusonasingletaskforaperiod.**解析思路：*问题要求理解"sustainedconcentration"的意思。文章第二段提到“Engagingindeepworkinvolvesminimizingexternalinterruptionsandeliminatinginternaldistractionstoachieveastateofflow...requiressustainedconcentration”。结合上下文，深度工作需要长时间保持对单一任务的专注，因此“sustainedconcentration”指的就是长时间集中注意力于一件事。14.Constantdigitalnotifications,socialmedia,societalpressuretomultitask,andthebrain'sdifficultyinswitchingbetweentasks.**解析思路：*问题询问现代世界实现深度工作的主要障碍。文章第三段明确列举了障碍，包括“thepervasivenatureofdigitaltechnologyandthesocietalexpectationtobeconstantlyavailable”（数字技术的普遍性和社会期望随时在线），即不断的数字通知（digitalnotifications）、社交媒体（socialmedia）以及社会对多任务处理（multitask）的压力。此外，还提到了“thebraindoesnoteasilyswitchbetweentasks;frequentswitchingcanactuallydiminishoverallproductivityandincreasethelikelihoodoferrors”，即大脑在任务间切换不轻松，频繁切换会降低整体生产力并增加错误概率，这也是一个障碍。15.Itdiminishesoverallproductivityandincreasesthelikelihoodoferrors.**解析思路：*问题要求理解关于任务切换的描述。文章第三段在讨论multitasking的负面影响时明确指出，“frequentswitchingbetweentaskscanactuallydiminishoverallproductivityandincreasethelikelihoodoferrors”，即频繁在不同任务间切换实际上会降低整体生产力并增加出错的可能性。这直接描述了任务切换的不良后果。16.Schedulingspecificblocksoftimeforfocusedwork,creatingphysicalanddigitalenvironmentsthatminimizedistractions,andpracticingmindfulnesstechniques.**解析思路：*问题询问文中提到的培养深度工作的实际策略。文章第三段末尾明确列举了几个策略：“schedulingspecificblocksoftimeforfocusedwork”（为专注工作安排特定时间段）、“creatingphysicalanddigitalenvironmentsthatminimizedistractions”（创造减少干扰的物理和数字环境），以及“practicingmindfulnesstechniques”（练习正念技巧）。17.Itprovidesasenseofaccomplishmentandtheabilitytoproducemeaningfulresults.**解析思路：*问题询问深度工作带来个人满足感的原因（根据文本暗示）。文章第二段提到深度工作能“enhance...jobsatisfactionandasenseofaccomplishment”，即提升工作满意度和成就感。接着又说“astheyareabletoproducemeaningfulresults”。这暗示了能够产出有意义的结果（meaningfulresu