印度生物能源市场报告-2030年液态和气态生物燃料展望（英文版）-

IndiaBioenergyMarketReport

Outlookforliquidandgaseousbiofuelsto2030

INTERNATIONALENERGYAGENCY

TheIEAexaminesthefullspectrum

ofenergyissues

includingoil,gasand

coalsupplyand

demand,renewable

energytechnologies,

electricitymarkets,

energyefficiency,

accesstoenergy,

demandside

managementandmuchmore.Throughitswork,theIEAadvocates

policiesthatwillenhancethereliability,

affordabilityand

sustainabilityofenergyinits

32Membercountries,13Associationcountriesandbeyond.

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internationalfrontiersandboundariesandtothenameofanyterritory,cityorarea.

Revisedversion,February2026

Informationnoticefoundat:

/corrections

Source:IEA.

InternationalEnergyAgencyWebsite:

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CommissionalsoparticipatesintheworkoftheIEA

IEAAssociationcountries:

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SouthAfricaThailand

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IndiaBioenergyMarketReportAbstract

IEA.CCBY4.0.

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Abstract

AsdemandforrenewableenergygrowsinIndia,liquidandgaseousbiofuelsareexpectedtobeoneofthefastest-growingmarkets,drivenbysignificantfeedstockpotentialandsupportivepolicies.Thesefuelscanprovidelow-emissionenergyinheat,electricityandtransport.Theycanalsobeproduceddomesticallyreducingrelianceonimportedfossilfuels,improveenergysecurity,andcreateeconomicdevelopmentandemploymentopportunities.

ThisreportexaminesthecurrentsupplyanddemandofliquidandgaseousbiofuelsinIndiaandtheirforecastedgrowthto2030.Itprovidesadetailedassessmentofexistingpolicyandregulatoryframeworks,feedstocks,productioncapacity,andidentifieskeyconsiderationsthatmayinfluencefuturedevelopment.Italsooutlinesasetofpolicypriorities,drawingoninternationalbestpractices,thatIndiacouldconsidertoacceleratethedeploymentofliquidandgaseousbiofuelsinIndia.

IndiaBioenergyMarketReportAcknowledgements

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Acknowledgements

ThisspecialreportonIndia’sbioenergymarketswaspreparedbytheRenewableEnergyDivisionoftheDirectorateofEnergyMarketsandSecurity(EMS)oftheInternationalEnergyAgency.

PaoloFrankl,HeadoftheRenewableEnergyDivision,providedstrategicguidanceandinputs.AnaAlcalde,EnergyAnalyst,wastheleadauthorofthereportandcoordinateditsproduction.Mainauthorswere(inalphabeticalorder)MarcusBockhold,Jeanne-MarieHays,AndrewKlainandPeterZeniewski.PierreDemeyalsocontributedtothereport.ShayakSengupta,IEA’sIndiaProgrammeOfficer,andAlayPatel,researchconsultant,playedakeysupportroleinthepreparationoftheReport.

Valuablecommentsandfeedbackwereprovidedbyseniormanagement,notablyEMSdirectorKeisukeSadamori,andcolleagueswithintheIEA,includingHeymiBahar,NicolasCoent,CaroleEtienneandQuentinMinier.AlldataandprojectionsaretheworkoftheIEA,unlessotherwisenoted.

OfficialsofIndia’sMinistryofPetroleumandNaturalGas,thePetroleumPlanningandAnalysisCell(PPAC)andothergovernmententities,aswellasoilandgascompanies,providedvaluableinput.

TheIEA’sCommunicationsandDigitalOffice(CDO)providedsupportinproducingthereport,providingwebsitematerialsandpromotingit,andparticularthanksgotoJethroMullen,PoeliBojorquez,AstridDumondandLivGaunt.TheauthorswouldalsoliketothankCarenBrownforeditingthereport.

IndiaBioenergyMarketReportTableofcontents

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Tableofcontents

Executivesummary 6

Chapter1.Introduction 8

Chapter2.Liquidbiofuels 10

Overview 10

Incentivesandregulations 10

Feedstockdemand 15

Currentstatus 16

Demand 17

Keyconsiderations 19

Supplyforecastto2030 22

Chapter3.Biogasandcompressedbiogas 25

Overview 25

Incentivesandregulations 25

Feedstockpotential 28

Currentstatus 29

Demand 32

Keyconsiderations 35

Supplyforecastto2030 45

Chapter4.Conclusionsandpolicypriorityactions 49

Liquidandgaseousbiofuelsforecastto2030 49

Policyprioritiesforaction 50

Abbreviationsandacronyms 55

Units 55

IndiaBioenergyMarketReportExecutivesummary

IEA.CCBY4.0.

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Executivesummary

BioenergyisparticularlyimportantforIndia’srapidlygrowingenergymarket.Itcanstrengthenenergysecurity,reducerelianceonimportedfossilfuels,createeconomicdevelopmentandemploymentopportunities-especiallyinruralcommunities-andcontributetoloweringgreenhousegasemissions.Thesebenefitsaligncloselywithnationalenergyandclimateobjectives,enablingIndiatoleverageitsdomesticresourcestosupportcleanerenergygrowth.Indiasabundantagriculturalresiduesandorganicwasteprovideastrongresourcebaseformodernbioenergyproduction.

India’sethanolindustryhasemergedasoneofthecountry’smostsuccessfulpolicy-drivenenergystories.Backedbyasuiteofsupply,demand,innovationandfinancingpolicies,Indiasethanolconsumptionhasgrownfourfoldfromlessthan2billionlitresperyear(BLPY)atthestartofIndia’sNationalPolicyofBiofuelsin2018tomorethan11BLPYby2025.

BiogashasalonghistoryinIndia,withthecompressedbiogas(CBG)

sectorundergoingapromisinggrowthspurt.Thenewelevenmajornationalpoliciesputinplacesince2018havebeensuccessfultoattractsignificantinvestmentinterest,witharound170functionalplantsby2025andapipelineofalmost300newonesunderconstruction.

Interestisalsogrowinginsustainableaviationfuelsandinnovativefuelpathways.Asdemandforlow-emissionsfuelsinaviationisexpectedtogrow,sotooisdemandforbiojet.However,rapiddeploymentofnewprojects,aswellasscalingupnewfueltechnologypathways,willberequiredtomeetforthcomingdemanddrivenbyIndiassustainableaviationfuelmandate.

LiquidandgaseousbiofuelsareforecasttomorethandoubleinIndiaiftherightmeasuresareimplemented.Inthemaincaseforecast,whichreflectscurrentpolicies,projects,feedstockavailabilityandmarketconditions,thesefuelsareexpectedtogrowbymorethan50%,from293petajoules(PJ)in2025to429PJby2030,withethanolandCBGaccountingforthemajorityofthisgrowth.Inanacceleratedcase,whichassumesallannouncedtargetsaremet,thereissufficientsupplyoffeedstocksforfuelproducers,andinfrastructure,supplychains,andprojectdevelopmentcontinuetoexpand,supportedbyenhancedpolicies,thesefuelsareforecasttomorethandouble,from293PJin2025to609PJby2030.Morethanthree-quartersofthisgrowthisdrivenbybiodiesel,iffeedstocksupplyandproductioncapacityrapidlyscalesup.Thiswouldcorrespondtoasixfoldincreaseinliquidandgaseousbiofuelsoveradecadesince2020.

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Therearechallengesahead,buttheycanbeaddressedwithrightpolicysupport.Intheacceleratedcase,ethanolisexpectedtocontinueexpandingbackedbyasuiteofstrongpolicieswhilebiodieselacceleratesgrowthiffeedstockchallengesareaddressedandproductioncapacityaresupported.Biojetisexpectedtoscale-upbutwillcontinuetorequiresupportacrosstheentirevaluechain.CBGsfastdevelopmentpaceneedstobeaccompaniedbyacomparablescale-upofthefeedstocksupplychainandthedevelopmentofnewmarketsforfermentedorganicmanureproducedinCBGplants.

Drawingoninternationalbest-practices,theIEArecommendsfourpriorityactionsthatcanhelpaccelerateliquidandgaseousbiofuelinIndiauseby2030:

1-Establishroadmaps,targetsandpoliciesandimplementthemrobustlytosupportlong-termdemand.WhileIndiahasmadestrongprogressonethanolandCBG,acomprehensivesustainablefuelroadmap,whichincludesallliquidandgaseousbiofuelsandleveragesstrategicpolicyexperiencegainedfromdevelopingtheRoadmapforEthanolBlendinginIndia,couldprovidelong-terminvestmentsignalsforotherfuels,supportscale-upandimprovealignmentacrosscentralandstategovernmentsonpolicymechanismsfordeployment.

2-Developintegratedsupplychainsandenablinginfrastructure.Indiacouldstrengthencoordinationtobuildintegratedsupplychainsthatleveragesharedfeedstocksandexistinginfrastructureandcreatenewmarketsforco-products.Thisincludesstrategicplanningtoolssuchasanationalbiomassinventorytoguidefeedstockavailabilityandavoidcompetition,alongsideforward-lookinginvestmentsinfeedstockaggregation,transportnetworks,andstoragefacilities.

3-Supportinnovationtoclosecostgapsforemergingfuels.Whileethanol,biodiesel,andCBGarecommerciallymature,fuelssuchasSAFrequirefurthertechnologydevelopment.Targetedsupportsuchasgrants,concessionalfinanceforpilotanddemonstrationprojects,innovationchallenges,andpublic-privateandinternationalpartnershipscanacceleratescale-up,reducecosts,andtailorsolutionstoIndiasspecificneeds.

4-Developcarbonaccountingandsustainabilityframeworks.Arobustandtransparentframeworkforliquidandgaseousbiofuelswouldenableeasiercertification,participationinvoluntarygreencreditmarkets,andaccesstoexportopportunities.Itwouldalsohelpthegovernmentguideandrewardbestpractices,ensuringfuelsareproducedsustainably,aligningwithbestpracticeinleadingmarketssuchasBrazil.

IndiaBioenergyMarketReportChapter1.Introduction

Chapter1.Introduction

Bioenergyisthelargestsourceofrenewableenergygloballytoday,accountingformorethanhalfofthetotalrenewableenergysupplyandover6%oftheoverallenergysupply.Modernbioenergyuseisgrowingfast,withconsumptionprojectedtonearlydoublefromabout21EJin2023toaround39EJby2030.Bioenergycanprovidelow-emissionsfuels,makingitvaluableforheating,electricityandespeciallyhard-to-electrifysectorslikeaviation,heavytransportandhigh-temperatureindustrialprocesses.Astheorganic-derivedresourcesusedforbioenergyaregeographicallywellspread,bioenergyiskeyfordiversifyingenergysystems,bolsteringenergysecurityandreducingrelianceonfossilfuelsinthosecountriesthatneedtoimportthem.

BioenergyisparticularlyimportantforIndiasrapidlygrowingenergymarket,asthecountryhasabundantbiomassresources.Indiaisprojectedtobeoneofthefastest-growingbioenergymarketsglobally,supportedbypoliciesthatpromoteethanolandbiodieselblendingandexpandeduseofcompressedbiogas(CBG).Indiasabundantagriculturalresiduesandorganicwasteprovideastrongresourcebaseformodernbioenergyproduction.Thiscanhelptoimproveenergysecurity,reducerelianceonimportedfossilfuels,createeconomicdevelopmentandemploymentopportunitiesespeciallyinruralareas,andreduceGHGemissions.SuchdevelopmentsalignwithnationalenergygoalsandhelpIndialeverageitsdomesticresourcesforcleanerenergygrowth.

DemandforliquidandgaseousbiofuelshasbeengrowingsteadilyinIndia.Itmorethandoubledfrom101PJin2018to210PJin2024.Increasingdemandandstrongsupportivepolicies,primarilyforethanolandCBG,havedrivengrowth.Demandforethanolhasgrownalmostfivefoldoverthesameperiod,anddemandforCBG,whilenascent,hasgrownalmosteightfold.

AsdemandforenergyinIndiacontinuestogrowoverthenext5years,sotoowilldemandforliquidandgaseousbiofuels.Liquidbiofuels(e.g.ethanolandbiodiesel)areexpectedtoincreaseinroadtransport,whiledemandforbiojet

1

isexpectedtogrowintheaviationsector.Similarly,gaseousbiofuelssuchasbiogasandCBGareexpectedtogrowinroadtransport,aswellasinbuildingsandindustrialheatingtodisplacenaturalgas.

1Biojetisasustainableaviationfuel(SAF)producedprimarilyfrombiomassfeedstocks.SAFcanalsobeproducedfromlow-emissionshydrogenandcarbondioxide(e.g.syntheticfuels).ThisreportonlyincludesSAFproducedfrombiomass(e.g.biojet).

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IndiaBioenergyMarketReportChapter1.Introduction

IEA.CCBY4.0.

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Figure1.1LiquidandgaseousbiofueldemandinIndia,2018-2024

250

PJ/yr

200

150

100

50

0

aaaaa"

2018201920202021202220232024EthanolBiodieselBiogasCBG

IEA.CCBY4.0.

Source:IEAanalysisbasedondatafromIEA(2025)

,Renewables2025,GOBARdhanUnifiedRegistrationPortal,

December2025,andMinistryofNewandRenewableEnergy(MNRE)

AnnualReports

2017-18to2024-25.

Liquidandgaseousbiofuelsarecurrentlythemostdevelopedandcost-effectivealternativetofossilfuels.However,substantialeffortsareneededtoexpandanddiversifybiomassfeedstocksupplies,expandandadaptinfrastructure,commercialisenewprocessingtechnologiesandscaleupexistingtechnologies.

ThisreportcoverscurrentsupplyanddemandforliquidandgaseousbiofuelsinIndiaandtheforecastedgrowthto2030.Italsoprovidesanalysisofexistingpoliciesandregulations,andidentifieskeyissuesforconsiderationtohelpdeveloptheliquidandgaseousbiofuelssectorinIndia.Inaddition,itlaysoutpolicyprioritiesforaction,supportedwithexamplesofgoodpracticesinternationally,thatIndiacouldconsidertoacceleratethedeploymentofthesefuels.

Thedirectuseofmodernsolidbiomass(e.g.woodpellets,woodchipsandagriculturalresidues)forheatandpowerproductionisexcludedfromthescopeofthisreport.Otheremerginglow-emissionsfuels–suchaslow-emissionshydrogen,methanol,ammoniaorsyntheticfuels–arealsonotcoveredhere,astheirproductionisstillnascent,andmarketvolumesareexpectedtobecomesignificantafter2030.

IndiaBioenergyMarketReportChapter2.Liquidbiofuels

IEA.CCBY4.0.

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Chapter2.Liquidbiofuels

Overview

Toreducecrudeoilimports,improveenergysecurityandcutemissionsinthetransportsector,Indiahasrapidlyscaledupthedomesticdeploymentofliquidbiofuels.SincetheimplementationofitsNationalPolicyonBiofuels(NPB)in2018,liquidbiofuelshavegrownfourfold,drivenalmostentirelybyincreasingethanolblendingtargetsunderamendmentstotheNPBin2022.In2024alone,Indiawastheworldsfourth-largestconsumerofliquidbiofuels.Blendingtargets,supportforfeedstocksupply,simplifiedprocurementprocesses,andfinancialincentivestoaccelerateinnovationandinfrastructuredevelopmenthavedrivenrapidgrowth.

Figure2.1LiquidbiofueldemandinIndia,2018-2024

BLPY

8

6

4

2

0

2018201920202021202220232024EthanolBiodiesel

IEA.CCBY4.0.

Note:BLPY=billionlitresperyear.

DemandisexpectedtogrowasIndialookstocontinuetoreducecrudeoilimportsandemissions,whiledevelopingneweconomicopportunities,especiallyintheagriculturalsector,andthebroaderbioeconomy.

Incentivesandregulations

Indiahasbeensupportingthegrowthofliquidbiofuelsdomesticallywitharangeofsupply-,demand-,innovation-andinfrastructure-orientedpolicies.Theseincludeblendingtargets,government-backedfinancing,preferentialtaxrates,fixedfeedstockprices,supplyexpansioninitiativesandmarketdevelopment.

IEA.CCBY4.0.

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Severalstates(e.g.Bihar,Haryana,MadhyaPradesh,Maharashtra,UttarPradesh)havedevelopedtheirownbioenergypoliciesinadditiontotheincentivesofferedbythecentralgovernment.Theserangefromcapitalsupportfornewethanolandbiodieselplantstoindirecttaxexemptionsandfeedstocksupplysupport.

Table2.1SelectedliquidbiofuelpoliciesinIndia

PolicyYearMainministryKeyinformation

AdministeredPrice

MechanismforEthanol

2014

(subsumedunder

theEthanol

BlendedPetrol

(EBP)Programme

in2019)

Ministryof

Petroleumand

NaturalGas

(MoPNG)

Initiativetofixpricesforethanol

producedfromfeedstocksbasedonsugarcanetosupportethanol

productionandcost-competitiveness.

NationalPolicyonBiofuels(NPB)

2018(amendedin

2022)

MoPNG

Toreducecrudeoilimportsand

increasedomesticproductionof

renewableenergy,thepolicysetsanindicativetargetofblending20%

ethanolingasolineby2025/26,and5%blendingofbiodieselindieselby2030.

TaxBreaksonEthanol

2018

MoPNG

Indiahasloweredthegoodsand

servicestaxratefrom18%to5%onethanolmeantforblendingundertheEBPProgramme.

SchemetoEnhanceEthanolDistillationCapacity

2018

Ministryof

Consumer

Affairs,Food

andPublic

Distribution

A5-yearinterestsubventionto

enhanceethanolproductioncapacity

bybuildingnewplantsorupgrading

existingplantsforfeedstock

diversification.Thesubventionissetat6%perannumor50%oftherateof

interestchargedbybanks,whicheverislower.

Diversificationof

FeedstocksforEthanolProduction

2018-20

MoPNG

Thegovernmentallowedethanol

productionfromB-heavymolasses,sugarcanejuice/syrup/sugar,

damagedfoodgrainsin2018followedbymaizeandsurplusstocksofFoodCorporationofIndiaricein2020.

EthanolBlendedPetrol(EBP)Programme

2019

MoPNG

Thegovernmentsetsguaranteed

pricingforethanolbasedonfeedstockcoststhatoilmarketingcompanies

(OMCs)paytopurchaseethanol.Thevaluesareupdatedseveraltimesa

yeartomaintaincost-competitivenessofethanol.

IndiaBioenergyMarketReportChapter2.Liquidbiofuels

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PolicyYearMainministryKeyinformation

PradhanMantriJI-VAN

Yojana

2019

(amendedin

2024)

MoPNG

Providesfundingtosupport

developmentof10demonstration-

scaleprojectsand12commercial-

scaleprojectsfornewethanol

productionpathways.

RoadmapforEthanol

BlendinginIndia2020-

25

2021

MoPNG

Anannualplantoincreasedomestic

ethanolproductioninlinewithblending

targetsundertheNPBandtheEBP

Programmetoreach20%ethanol

blendingingasolineby2025/26.

ExtensionoftheEBP

Programmetoallof

India

2021

MoPNG

OMCsdirectedtosellethanolblended

petrolwithapercentageofethanolup

to20%.

SettingupDedicatedEthanolPlants

2021-23

MoPNG

Guidelinesforsigningoflong-term

offtakeagreements(for10years)

issuedin2021and2023.PublicOMCs

signedlong-termofftakeagreements

with233projectproponentsfora

designedcapacityofabout795crore

litresperannum.

SustainableAviationFuelBlendingTarget

2023

MoPNG/

Ministryof

CivilAviation

Forinternationalflights,the

governmenthasapprovedaSAF

blendingtargetof1%by2027,

increasingto5%by2030.

Schemefor

CooperativeSugarMills

2025

Ministryof

Consumer

Affairs,Food

andPublic

Distribution

Thegovernmentnotifiedaschemefor

co-operativesugarmillsunderthe

modifiedEthanolInterestSubvention

Schemeforconvertingexistingsugar-

cane-basedfeedstockethanolplants

intomultifeedstock-basedplantstouse

grainslikemaizeanddamagedfood

grains.Thesubventionissetat6%per

annumor50%oftherateofinterest

chargedbybanks,whicheverislower.

ExportofSecond-GenerationEthanol

2025

MoPNG

Thegovernmentnotifiedanexport

policyforsecond-generationethanolin

September2025.

Note:Acroreisequaltotenmillion.

Ethanol

PolicysupportforethanolinIndiagainedmomentumin2014withtheintroductionofarevisedethanolpricingmechanismwhichprovidedstableandfixedpricesforethanolproducedfromsugarcanetoimprovecost-competitivenessandsupportscalingupofproduction.Buildingonthispolicy,IndialauncheditsNPBin2018toexpanditsdomesticliquidbiofuelindustryandreducerelianceoncrudeoilimportsforgasolineproduction.TheNPBoriginallysetatargetofblending20%ethanolingasolineby2030,whichwaslateramendedin2022toachievethisblendingrateby2025/26.

IndiaBioenergyMarketReportChapter2.Liquidbiofuels

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Indiadevelopedseveralotherpoliciesin2018tosupportdevelopmentoftheethanolsupplychainandthetargetssetoutundertheNPB.ThesemeasuresincludedfinancialsupportfornewprojectsthroughtheSchemetoEnhanceEthanolDistillationCapacity,whichsubsidisesinterestonloansusedtoretrofitexistingfacilitiesordevelopnewethanolplants,aswellasanexpansionofeligiblefeedstockstoincludeheavymolasses,sugarcanejuiceandsugar,damagedfoodgrains,maize,andsurplusrice.Inaddition,Indiareducedthetaxrateonethanolusedforblendingfrom18%to5%toimprovethecost-competitiveness.

In2019,IndialaunchedtheEBPProgramme,originallyapilotanddemonstrationprogrammefrom2001,toprovideadditionalfinancialincentivestosupportmandatedethanolblendingtargetsundertheNPBwhilesupportingfeedstocksuppliers.Underthisprogramme,thegovernmentsetsremunerativepricingforethanolproducedfromfeedstockbasedonsugarcanetosupportcost-competitivenessforethanolproducers.TheOMCsprovidelong-termdemandforethanolbyenteringofftakeagreements,ofupto10years,withprojectdevelopersandlenders.

IndiadevelopedthePradhanMantriJI-VANYohanaprogrammeinthesameyear,lateramendedin2024,toincreaseproductionofethanolfromagreaterdiversityoffeedstocks.TheprogrammeprovidesUSD230million(1969.50croreIndianrupees(INR))offundingfortheexpansionofexisting,ordevelopmentofnew,integratedethanolprojectsusinglignocellulosicbiomass,non-ediblefoodcropsandwaste-basedfeedstock.Theprogrammehassetatargettodevelop10demonstration-scaleand12commercial-scaleprojectsby2028/29.TheprogrammehassofarprovidedoverUSD100million(INR908.25crore)forsixcommercialandfourdemonstrationplants.

In2021,IndiacreatedtheRoadmapforEthanolBlendinginIndia2020-25.Theroadmapoutlinesannualmeasurestoincreasedomesticethanolsupplyanddemand,settingintermediatetargetsinlinewiththeNPBandtheEBPProgramme.Theseincludedaphased-inblendingtargetof10%forethanolin2022,aswellasphased-inblendingof20%forethanolby2025.Italsosoughttodoubledomesticethanolproductioncapacityfrom2020to2025,to15billionlitres(1500crorelitres).TheextensionoftheEBP,directingOMCstosellgasolineblendedwith20%ethanol,andthedevelopmentofguidelinesforsigninglong-termofftakeagreementsforethanolforOMCsin2021,complementedtheroadmapandtheNPB.

SeveralIndianstateshavealsodevelopedpoliciestosupportdeploymentofethanol.In2018,HaryanalauncheditsBioenergyPolicy,whichprovidesexemptionsonstampandelectricitydutiesforethanolproducers.Similarly,in2022,UttarPradeshlauncheditsBioenergyPolicy,andin2023,BiharlauncheditsBiofuelPromotionPolicy,whichbothprovidesimilardutyexemptionsfor

IndiaBioenergyMarketReportChapter2.Liquidbiofuels

ethanolproductionfacilities.In2024,MaharashtraintroduceditsIntegratedBioenergyPolicy,againprovidingsimilarexemptionstoduties,aswellascapitalsubsidiesrangingfrom40%to100%fornewethanolprojects.In2025,MadhyaPradeshlauncheditsBiofuelsScheme,providingsimilardutyexemptionsastheotherstatesaswellasa40%capitalsubsidyuptoUSD22.2million(INR200crore)fornewcellulosic-ethanolprojects.

Indiahasbroadenedsupportforethanoldevelopmentbyprovidingfinancialsupportfortheinterestonloansusedtoretrofitexisting,ordevelopnew,ethanolproductionfacilitiesundertheSchemeforCooperativeSugarMills.SimilarlytotheSchemetoEnhanceEthanolDistillationCapacityimplementedin2018,itprovidesfinancialsupportforconvertingethanolproductionfacilitiesusingsugarcanetoonesthatcanusearangeoffeedstockssuchasmaizeanddamagedrice.Asdemandforsustainablefuelscontinuestogrowglobally,India’srecentannouncementtoallowexportofcellulosicethanolhascomplementedprovidingsupporttoincreaseproductioncapacityforethanol.

Biodiesel

PolicysupportforbiodieselalsogainedmomentuminIndiain2018undertheNPB,whichalsoset