艾昆纬-释放生物仿制药潜力 Unlocking Biosimilar Potential 2026

Introduction·

Ensuringthatchallengestobiosimilaruptakearecontinuouslyassessedand

addressedisacriticalpartofunlockingtheirbenefits.Biosimilaruseisgrowingacrosstherapyareaswithdiferentspecialtiesgainingexperienceandconfidence.

Thesebiosimilarshavealsoprovidedsubstantialsavingsfortheoverallhealth

system.Between2023and2025,IQVIAInstitutehaspublishedtworeports

highlightingtheimportanceofphysicianperspectivesonbiosimilarsfortheir

optimaluse,especiallyintherapyareaswhereoverallexperiencewithbiosimilarshasbeenlimited.Whilecertainchallengestotheuptakeofbiosimilarsare

commonacrosstherapyareas,eachnewareaprovidessomeuniquedynamics.

Assessmentofthesedynamicscanallowstakeholderstoworktogetherandensurethatoptimalbenefitsareachieved.

ThisreportpresentsacasestudyofOphthalmology

whichsawtherecententryofaliberceptbiosimilars

in2025.Ophthalmologyhadalsoseentheentryof

ranibizumabbiosimilarsin2022,however,theuptakeofthebiosimilarwaslimited.Withaliberceptbiosimilars

enteringthistherapeuticareawiththepotentialto

reducecostssubstantially,thereisaneedtoassess

challengesthattheymightface.Thedegreeoffamiliarityandpriorexperiencewithbiosimilarsislikelytobe

highlyvariableforstakeholdersintheophthalmologyspacegiventhepriorexperiencewithranibizumab.

Thisreportprovidesasummaryoftheoverallcontextforophthalmologyandasetofinterviewswithkey

stakeholders,includingphysicians,payers,andnurses,whoareinvolvedinthetreatmentandmanagementofophthalmologypatients.Thereportaimstounderstandthecurrentstateofknowledgeaboutbiosimilarsacrossstakeholdersandpotentialbarrierstooptimalbiosimilarusefromaphysicianperspectiveinthistherapyarea.

Thereportutilizestheinterviewstohighlightsomepossiblesolutionstoovercomechallengesregardingthevariablelevelofknowledgeandexperiencewithbiosimilarsalongwithotherstructuralchallenges.

ThestudywasproducedindependentlybytheIQVIAInstituteforHumanDataScience.Fundingforthis

researchandreporthasbeenprovidedbySandoz.

ThecontributionstothisreportofJamiePritchettattheIQVIAInstitutearegratefullyacknowledged.

FindOutMore

IfyouwishtoreceivefuturereportsfromtheIQVIA

InstituteforHumanDataScienceorjoinourmailinglist,visit.

MURRAYAITKEN

ExecutiveDirector

IQVIAInstituteforHumanDataScience

REFERENCINGTHISREPORT

Pleaseusethisformatwhenreferencingcontentfromthisreport:

Source:IQVIAInstituteforHumanDataScience.UnlockingBiosimilarPotential:OphthalmologyCaseStudy,February2026.

Availablefrom

©2026IQVIAanditsaffiliates.Allreproductionrights,quotations,broadcasting,publicationsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedor

transmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronicormechanical,includingphotocopy,recording,oranyinformationstorageandretrievalsystem,withoutexpresswrittenconsentofIQVIAandtheIQVIAInstitute.

UnlockingBiosimilarPotential:OphthalmologyCaseStudy

TableofContents

Overview2

Continuedneedforbiosimilarsustainability5

Ophthalmologytreatmentlandscapeandchallenges9

Ophthalmologystakeholderperspectivesonbiosimilarsandbarriersto

biosimilaradoption13

Overcomingbarrierstobiosimilaradoptioninophthalmology15

Summaryandconclusion17

Methodologies18

References20

Abouttheauthors22

AbouttheInstitute24

2|UnlockingBiosimilarPotential:OphthalmologyCaseStudy

Overview

Biologicmedicineshavetransformedthemanagementofchronicandcomplexdiseasesoverthepasttwo

decades,oferingtargetedandefectivetherapiesforconditionssuchasdiabetes,cancer,andimmunedisorders.Theirexpandingroleinpatientcare

acrossEuropeisaccompaniedbyrisingfinancial

pressures:biologicsnowaccountforover40%oftotal

pharmaceuticalspendingintheEU,upfrom28%in2014.Thissubstantialandgrowingexpenditurehasintensifiedinterestinbiosimilars—biologicalmedicinesthat

demonstratehighsimilaritytoreferencebiologicsafterlossofexclusivity.Biosimilarsoferanopportunityto

expandaccesstoadvancedtreatmentswhilegeneratingcompetitionthatcanreducepricesandrelievebudgetarystrain.Theycanalsoprovidetheabilitytotreatpatientsearlierduetothelowercostwhichcanresultinashiftintreatmentguidelines.Despiterepresentingonly

5%ofbiologicsspendingin2024,biosimilarshave

alreadycontributed€75Bnincumulativelist-price

savingsinEuropeandenabledover9billiontreatmentdays.TheirpotentialimpactisincreasingasEurope

anticipates69biologicloss-of-exclusivity(LoE)eventsbetween2024and2030,representing€28Bnin

pre-expiryvalue.

Biosimilarsoferanopportunitytoexpandaccesstoadvanced

treatmentswhilegenerating

competitionthatcanreducepricesandrelievebudgetarystrain.

Yetdespitethesedevelopments,achievingbiosimilarsustainabilitycanbechallengingduetoavarietyoffactorsfromlackofawarenesstolimitedincentives,includingfavorablepricingrulesandlegislation,forshiftingtobiosimilarsandotherstructuralbarriers.

Thesechallengescanhavemeaningfulimpactsonthefutureofthebiosimilarspace.Atpresent,apotential

$143Bn(55%)ofLoEsalesisthemissedopportunity

duetolackofbiosimilarpipelineactivity.Lower-value

ororphanbiologicsoftenattractlimitedmanufacturerinterest,raisingconcernsaboutinsufficientcompetitiontomaintainlong-termmarketresilience.The

ophthalmologytherapyareahasseenthelaunchof

abiosimilarwhichillustratestheseriskstolong-term

marketresilience:thefirstbiosimilarinthisfield—

ranibizumab—hasseencomparativelylowuptake,

reachingonly40%penetrationsixquartersafterlaunch,comparedtoover50–60%forbiosimilarsinother

therapyareas.Thislowuptakewasprimarilydrivenbythelackofapre-filledsyringeversionbasedonexpertinput.However,thissituationcanleadtoalimited

experiencewithbiosimilarsandcanbeinstructiveforaliberceptbiosimilars,intheophthalmologyspace,forwhichninecompanieshavealreadyreceivedEuropeanCommissionapproval.

Ophthalmologyrepresentsahigh-burdentherapyareawitharapidlygrowingpatientpopulationdrivenby

agingdemographics.Retinaldiseases—includingwetage-relatedmaculardegeneration(wAMD),diabetic

macularedema(DME),andretinalveinocclusion

(RVO)—areleadingcausesofvisualimpairmentandblindness.In2022,AMDafected67millionEuropeans,withprevalenceprojectedtoriseby15%by2050.

Visionlosssubstantiallyimpactsqualityoflife,reducesindependence,increasesfinancialinsecurity,and

elevatesrisksofunemploymentandmentalhealth

concerns.Economicimpactsareconsiderable:the

societalcostofvisionlossintheUnitedStatesalonehasbeenestimatedat$134Bn.

Currenttreatmentisdominatedbyintravitreal

anti-VEGFtherapies,whichrequirefrequentinjectionsandfollow-up.Pre-filledsyringes(PFS)havebecomethepreferreddeliveryformat,enablingefficient,hygienic,andsaferadministration.Theirwidespreadadoption

relectsclinicalprioritiesaroundminimizinginjectiontime,reducingcontaminationrisk,andincreasing

throughputinhigh-volumeclinics.PhysiciansstronglyvaluePFSforthesereasons.However,ophthalmologysystemsacrossEuropefacecapacityconstraints—

stemmingfromclinicianshortages,increasingdemand,andlimitedclinicinfrastructure—whichlengthen

waitingtimesandriskavoidablevisionlossdueto

delayedcare.Evidencesuggeststhatlapsesinanti-VEGFtreatmentcanleadtoirreversibledeteriorationin

visualoutcomes.

Sincebiosimilarscangeneratesignificantcost

savings,theiradoptioncouldplayanimportantroleinalleviatingophthalmologycapacitypressures.

Savingsmayfreeresourcesforworkforceexpansion,

diagnosticequipment,digitalization,andclinicefficiencyimprovements—providedthathealthsystems

ring-fenceorreinvestfinancialgains.Biosimilarentry

mayalsostimulatemanufacturerinvestment,potentiallyimprovingtimelydiagnosisandfollow-up.However,

realizingthesebenefitsdependsonaddressing

stakeholderperceptionsandstructuralbarriersthatcurrentlyhinderadoption.

Tounderstandthesechallenges,142in-depth

interviewswithophthalmologists,retinaspecialists,

nurses,pharmacists,payers,andpatientadvocacy

representativesacrossfiveEuropeancountrieswere

conducted.Findingsreveallowoverallconfidenceandlimiteduseofbiosimilarsinophthalmology.Confidencescoresrangedfrom2/7inFrance,Germany,andSpainto5.5/7intheUK.Asimilarpatternwasobservedfor

actualuse.Lackoffamiliaritywithbiosimilars,concernsaboutcomparability,andinsufficientexposuretoclinicalevidenceemergedasrecurringthemes.Stakeholders

acknowledgedcost-efectivenessandreliablesupplyasprimaryenablersofadoption.

Ophthalmologysystemsacross

Europefacecapacityconstraints—stemmingfromclinicianshortages,increasingdemand,andlimitedclinicinfrastructure—whichlengthen

waitingtimesandriskavoidablevisionlossduetodelayedcare.

Thereportidentifiesseveralsystemicbarriersbased

onstakeholderinput.First,limitedstakeholder

experienceandeducationundermineclinician

confidence.Ophthalmologists’prescribinghabitscan

beconservativeduetotheprecisionandriskassociatedwithintravitrealtherapy.Second,priorexperiencewithbiosimilars—particularlythelackofaPFSoptionfor

ranibizumabbiosimilars—hasimpactedperceptions

ofbiosimilars.GiventhedominanceofPFSformatsin

ophthalmology,stakeholderswidelyviewtheabsenceofPFSasacriticalshortcoming.AliberceptbiosimilarshaveaPFSoptionbutwillneedtoensurethateducationefortsovercomepre-existingbiosimilarperceptions.

Third,fragmentedandslowdecision-makingprocessesacrossnational,regional,andinstitutionallevelsdelaybiosimilaraccess.Guidelineupdatesoftenlagbehindmarketentryandlackenforcement,enablinglocal

discretionthatcanperpetuatelowuptake.

|3

4|UnlockingBiosimilarPotential:OphthalmologyCaseStudy

Toovercomethesebarriers,severalstrategicenablers

needtobeconsidered.Comprehensive,targeted

educationcampaignsareessentialtobuildclinician

andotherstakeholdertrust.Theseshouldarticulate

biosimilarityprinciples,regulatoryrigor,andtheclinicalcomparabilityofaliberceptbiosimilars,whileaddressingmisconceptionsarisingfromearlierbiosimilar

experiences.Communicationsshouldemphasize

practicalproductattributes—particularlytheavailabilityofPFSformats—toreassurecliniciansthatbiosimilars

matchoperationalstandardsofreferenceproducts.

Emergingstakeholderssuchasophthalmicnursesandoptometristsshouldbeincludedinoutreach,giventheirgrowinginvolvementinpatientpathways.Theroleof

patientadvocacygroupsishighlightedasespecially

inluential.IncountriessuchasSpain,PAGsactively

disseminateinformation,hostworkshops,andfacilitatepatientsupportgroups.InvolvingPAGsinbiosimilar

educationcanhelpstrengthenpatienttrustandacceptanceduringswitchingtransitions.

Strengtheningtheevidencebaseisanothercritical

enablerforenhancingclinicianconfidence.Accessible,transparentdataonclinicalcomparability,real-worldperformance,andlowercostscansupportinformeddecision-makingbyclinicians,payers,andhospital

procurementteams.Similarly,timelyandcoordinatedguidelineupdates—supportedbyleadershipfromprofessionalsocieties—areessentialforconsistentpractice.TherecentguidancefromBritishandEire

AssociationofMedicalRetinaSpecialists(BEAMS)welcomingandrecommendingfirst-lineuseofaliberceptandranibizumabbiosimilarsinwAMDexemplifieshowearly,authoritativedirectioncanaccelerateacceptance.

Reinvestingbiosimilarsavingsintoophthalmology

servicescanbeastrongincentiveforproviders.Fundingexpansionsincliniccapacity,diagnosticequipment,

staftraining,anddigitalworklowscanaddress

long-standingbottlenecksandsupportequityofaccess.Gain-sharingmodelsfromothertherapyareasofer

templatesfordesigningreinvestmentstrategies.

Finally,procurementstrategiessuchastender-basedapproachescanpromotecompetitivepricingand

enhancebiosimilaruptake,providedthattendersaretransparent,clinicallyinformed,andbalancedacrosscriteriabeyondpricealone.Multi-winnertenders

maypreservesupplierdiversity,whilesupportinguninterruptedsupply.

Ultimately,theintroductionofaliberceptbiosimilarspresentsasignificantopportunitytoenhance

sustainabilityinophthalmology.Thepotentialsavings—estimatedatabasecaseof€747Mnbetween

2026and2031—couldmeaningfullyimprovesystemcapacityandpatientoutcomes.Realizingthesebenefitswillrequirecoordinatedactionacrosseducation,

evidence,guidelinereform,reinvestment,andprocurementdesign.

Thepotentialsavings—estimatedatabasecaseof€747Mnbetween2026and2031—couldmeaningfullyimprovesystemcapacityandpatientoutcomes.

Continuedneedforbiosimilarsustainability

|5

Biologicmedicines—whichareproductsderived

fromlivingorganismsortheircomponentsandcantreatseveralconditionssuchasdiabetes,cancer,

andimmunedisorders—havebecomeavitalpartofpatientmanagementoverthepasttwodecades.

Thesemedicineshavetransformedthetreatment

ofvariouschronicandcomplexdiseasesbyofering

targetedandefectivetherapies.1Asresearchand

developmentinbiologicscontinuetoadvance,their

roleinpatientcareisexpectedtogrowevenfurtherbyaddressingnewdiseases.Whiletheclinicalbenefitsofbiologicsaresubstantial,thesedrugscanbeexpensiveandafinancialchallengeforhealthcaresystems.

Biologicsrepresentedover40%oftotalpharmaceuticalexpenditureintheEUin2023and2024,whichhas

increasedfrom28%in2014(Exhibit1).2,3

Biosimilars—whicharebiologicalmedicineshighly

similartoanotheralreadyapprovedbiologicalmedicine(the‘referencemedicine’)afteritsexclusivityhasexpiredandareexpectedtohavethesamesafetyandclinical

outcomes—oferacost-efectivewaytoexpandaccesstobiologictherapies.Byintroducingcompetition,theycanlowerpricesforreferencebiologics,generate

savingsforhealthsystems,andhelpmorepatients

receivetheseadvancedtreatments.2Maintainingstrongcompetitioninthebiologicsmarketisessentialto

realizingthesebenefits,includingreducedhealthcare

costsandimprovedaccesstoexpensivebuthighly

efectivebiologicmedicines.Althoughbiologicsmakeupabout44%oftotalpharmaceuticalspendingintheEU,biosimilarsaccountforonly5%ofthatamount,around€12Bnin2024.Despitethisrelativelysmallshare,the

competitivepressuretheycreatedeliverssignificantadvantagesforpatients,payers,andthebroader

healthcaresystem.2

Exhibit1:TheimportanceofbiologicswiththeEUpharmaceuticalmarket

EUmarketsize

(€,billionsatlistprices)

€253Bn

€241Bn€220Bn

€202Bn€186Bn

57%

€172Bn€165Bn

€155Bn

€142Bn€148Bn

58%59%

61%

€136Bn€126Bn

63%

64%

66%

69%

68%

72%

71%

72%

36%38%39%

33%

4%

34%

31%

3%

32%

29%

1%

28%

1%

30%

28%

27%

1%

2%

4%

5%

5%5%5%

201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025*

SmallmoleculesOriginatorbiologicsBiosimilars

EUmarketgrowth

(YoY,%)

Year-on-yearspendinggrowth(%)

30%

25%

20%

15%

10%

5%

0%

20202021202220232024

13%

11%

9%

7%

··TotalmarketBiosimilars

Smallmolecules(inclgenerics)

Biologics(inclbiosimilars)

*Q3MAT2025.

Source:IQVIAMIDAS(MATQ32025),Rxonly;BiologicmoleculesexcludeATC-V(various)andvaccines,LC€(inlationadjusted).

Notes:Biologicmarketgrowthincludesbiosimilars;EUcountryscope(excludesNorway,UK,andSwitzerland);Percentagesmaynottotal100%duetorounding.

6|UnlockingBiosimilarPotential:OphthalmologyCaseStudy

Thedevelopmentofbiosimilarsinvolvescomplex

manufacturingprocessesusinglivingcells,which

requirestringentcontrolstoensureconsistency

andquality.Moreover,biosimilarsundergorigorous

regulatoryevaluationstoconfirmtheirsimilaritytothereferencemedicine.In2022,theEuropeanMedicinesAgency(EMA)confirmedthatbiosimilarsapprovedintheEUareinterchangeablewiththeirreference

products,furtherbolsteringconfidenceintheiruse.However,thisinterchangeabilitywillbereviewed

byauthoritiesonacase-by-casebasis.Thisensuresthatpatientscanreceiveefectivetreatmentwithoutcompromisingsafetyorefficacy.4

Themainbenefitsandimpactofbiosimilarscanbeseenintermsofthesavingstheyhavebroughttothehealthcaresystemandthevolumeoftreatment

(measuredintreatmentdays).Directsavingsfrom

biosimilarscanbegeneratedusingseveraldiferentmechanisms.Manymarketsautomaticallyreducelistprices,othersregulatepricereductions,marketforcescreatepricediferentials,andamixofbiosimilar

policiesandleversallcontributetoefectivemarketcompetitionleadingtohealthcaresystemsavings.

AsofJuly2025,thecumulativesavingsatlistprices

fromtheimpactofbiosimilarcompetitioninEurope

reached€75Bn(Exhibit2).2However,whensegmentedbyregion,theextentofthesavingsgeneratedare

muchgreaterat€64BninWesternEurope,comparedto€11BninCentralandEasternEurope.Overthelast

10–12years,biosimilarshaveshownanimportant

andincreasingvolumeoftreatment.ThetotalpatienttreatmentdaysforEUapprovedbiosimilarmedicines

hasreachedover9billion(asofJuly2025).2Thelowered

Exhibit2:TotalEuropeansavings

30

25

Value(€,Bn)

20

15

10

5

0

WesternEurope

€64Bn

EstimatedBxsavings

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

2025*

(listprices)

30

25

Value(€,Bn)

20

15

10

5

0

Central&EasternEurope

€11Bn

EstimatedBxsavings

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

2025*

(listprices)

ActualspendingEstimatedsavings

*Q2MAT2025.

Source:IQVIAMIDASdatafrom2012-2025(Q2MAT2025),usingEurosatconstantexchangerates.

Notes:Thisfigureisnotequivalenttoallsavingsandisthereforeanunder-estimate.Thedatadoesnotincludetheimpactofrebatesordiscounts,whichmay

havebeenpresentpriortotheintroductionofbiosimilarsinsmallquantitiesandarehighlysignificantpost-biosimilarentryasitisbasedonpubliclyavailablelistprices.Valueincludesoriginatorproductswithapprovedbiosimilarsfrom2006–2025(Adalimumab,Bevacizumab,Enoxaparinsodium,Epoetinalfa,Etanercept,Filgrastim,Follitropinalfa,Inliximab,Insulinaspart,Insulinglargine,Insulinlispro,Pegfilgrastim,Rituximab,Somatropin,Teriparatide,Trastuzumab),coveringEEA+UK,calculatedvolumeisintreatmentdaysdeterminedbyWHODDD,andwherevaluesareunavailableviaOncologyDynamicsPhysicianSurvey(2017)DDDestimates.Treatmentdayspercapitameasurestotalmoleculevolumes(originatorandbiosimilars).WesternEurope(Austria,Belgium,Finland,France,Germany,Ireland,Italy,Luxembourg,Netherlands,Norway,Portugal,Spain,Sweden,Switzerland,UK),CEE(Bulgaria,Croatia,CzechRepublic,Estonia,Greece,Hungary,

Latvia,Lithuania,Poland,Romania,Slovakia,Slovenia).

|7

costsduetobiosimilarentrycanalsoleadtoincreaseinoverallbiologicuseinsomecases,however,theusedynamicscanvaryacrosscountriesandbiologics.

Anexampleofthesedynamicscanbeseeninthecaseoftumornecrosisfactor(TNF)-alphainhibitors(inliximab,etanercept,adalimumab,certolizumabpegol,and

golimumab)whicharewidelyusedtotreatinlammatoryorautoimmunediseasessuchasrheumatoidarthritis,

Crohn’sdisease,ulcerativecolitis,psoriasis,psoriaticarthritis,ankylosingspondylitis,juvenileidiopathicarthritis,andhidradenitissuppurativa.5

Between2024and2030,atotalof69biological

medicines,areanticipatedtoloseexclusivityinEuropeby2030,atwo-foldincreasecomparedtotheprevioussevenyears.6Theforecastvalueoftheseproductsin

theiryearbeforelossofexclusivityis~€28Bnbetween2024and2030.Thisfigurerepresentsathree-fold

increasewhencomparedtothecumulativehistoric

valueofbiologicsthatfacedlossofexclusivity(LoEs)intheprevioussevenyears.However,despitetherecordnumbersofupcomingbiologicLoEs,in2024,only29%ofmoleculeshadabiosimilarcurrentlyindevelopment.Atpresent,apotential$143Bn(55%)ofLoEsalesisthemissedopportunityduetolackofbiosimilarpipeline

activity.2Biologicswithlowsalesandorphanbiologicshavesubstantiallyfewerbiosimilarsindevelopment

whichsuggeststhatthesemarketsarelikelytofallshortofthenumberofsuppliersrequiredtomaintainhealthycompetitiondynamicsandmarketresilience,thereby

posingarisktothesustainabilityofbiosimilarsforthesecases.

Since2017,biosimilarsforseveralbiologicshavebeenlaunchedinEuropeacrosstherapyareas.Mostofthesebiosimilarshaveseenmeaningfuluptakeof60%andaboveinthefirst2–3yearsafterlaunch(Exhibit3).

However,ranibizumab,abiosimilarfortreatmentof

retinaldiseasesintheophthalmologytherapyarea,has

witnessedsubstantiallylowerrateofuptakecomparedtootherbiosimilars,atjust40%sixquartersafter

biosimilarentry.Theloweruptakeofranibizumab

biosimilarsmayhavebeendrivenbyamixoffactors.Firstly,ranibizumabbiosimilarswerelaunchedonlyinvialform,unlikethereferenceproductwhichis

availableinbothvialandpre-filledsyringeforms.7

Ranibizumab,abiosimilarfor

treatmentofretinaldiseasesinthe

ophthalmologytherapyarea,has

witnessedsubstantiallylowerrateofuptakecomparedtootherbiosimilars,atjust40%sixquartersafter

biosimilarentry.

Secondly,relativelyfewerbiosimilarswerelaunchedforranibizumabcomparedtootherbiologics,resultinginlowercompetitionandlessreductioninprice.

Inpriorresearch,theIQVIAinstitutehashighlightedtheneedtoassessthesustainabilityofbiosimilars

inmarketswithupcominglaunchesusingmultiple

sclerosisandosteoporosisascasestudies.8,9Similarly,Ophthalmologyisalsowitnessingthelaunchofseveralbiosimilarsforaliberceptfromlate2025through

2026.Atthistime,ninecompanieshavereceived

EuropeanCommissionapprovalforalibercept.10

Thepriorexperienceofbiosimilarsinophthalmologysuggeststhattheremaybechallengestoachieving

uptakewithmanystakeholderslikelytohavenever

usedabiosimilar.Learningsfromranibizumabcouldbeequallyimportanttoensureanimprovedadoptionofbiosimilarsinalibercept.

8|UnlockingBiosimilarPotential:OphthalmologyCaseStudy

Exhibit3:AveragebiosimilaruptakeinFrance,Germany,Italy,Spain,andUnitedKingdom

90%

BiosimilarshareofmoleculeDDDs

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%

0123456789101112

Quarterssincebiosimilarintroduction

bevacizumab(Q32020)rituximab(Q22017)

pegfilgrastim(Q42018)

adalimumab(Q42018)ustekinumab(Q32014)

trastuzumab(Q22018)

ranibizumab(Q32022)

natalizumab(Q12024)

Source:IQVIAMIDAS,Sep2025;IQVIAInstitute,Jan2026.

Notes:QuarterinparenthesesrepresentsearliestbiosimilarlaunchforthatmoleculeinFrance,Germany,Italy,Spain,orUK.Quarterssinceintroductionalignedtoearliestbiosimilarlaunchineachindividualcountry.

Maintainingasustainablebiosimilarmarketrequires

balanceacrossaccess,regulation,competition,and

awareness.PriorresearchbytheIQVIAInstituteand

othershavefocusedonthecrucialroleofphysicians

inensuringtimelyuptakeofbiosimilarstooptimize

benefitsforthehealthcaresystem.Forophthalmology,theupcominglaunchofbiosimilarsforaliberceptofers

animportantcasestudytounderstandchallengeswhichcanarisefromlimitedpriorexperiencefrombiosimilarsandpossiblesolutionstooptimizebiosimilaruptakeandsustainability.Assessingthesechallengesandsolutionsrequiresanunderstandingofbiosimilarperspectives

acrossseveralstakeholders.

Maintainingasustainablebiosimilarmarketrequiresbalanceacross

access,regulation,competition,andawareness.PriorresearchbytheIQVIAInstituteandothershavefocusedonthecrucialroleofphysiciansinensuringtimelyuptakeofbiosimilarstooptimizebenefitsforthe

healthcaresystem.

|9

Ophthalmologytreatmentlandscapeandchallenges

Theburdenofophthalmicdiseasesissignificantand

continuestogrow,drivenbyanagingpopulationin

Europe.Ophthalmicdiseasessuchasage-relatedmaculardegeneration(wAMD),diabeticmacula