东盟-东盟甲烷洞察第1卷-2026 ASEAN Methane Insights

ASEAN

MethaneInsights

Vol.1-2026

aseanenergy

ASEANCentreforEnergy#MethaneAbatement

aseanenergy

ASEANCentreforEnergy#MethaneAbatement

ASEANMethaneInsightsserveasacompilationofstatus,news,andupdatesrelatedtomethane

About

abatementprojectinenergysectorinASEAN.ThissecondvolumeiscoveringupdatesfromJune-

December2025.IthasbenefittedfromtheoverallguidanceofACE’sExecutiveDirector,Dato'Ir.Ts.RazibDawoodandtheFossilFuels,HydrocarbonandMinerals(FOM)Department’sHead,Suwanto.

ThepublicationwasledbyAnisZhafran,technicallysupportedbyMuhammadZaidan,andreviewedby

RaysieoDuakinandShaniaEsmeraldaManaloefromFOMDepartment,Dr.ZulfikarYurnaidiastheHeadofEnergyModellingandPolicyPlanning(MPP)Department,andDr.AmornwanResanondasFOM

Department’sMethaneExpert.ItisalsoreviewedbytheASEANCouncilonPetroleumandEnergy

(ASCOPE)andASEANForumonCoal(AFOC).PublicationisalsosupportedbyACECommunicationsteam:

FadhielHandiraIshaq,MuhammadBayuPradanaEffendyFirdausFadhlullahDesignerindy,andAmaraZahraDjamil.

ThissecondvolumeofASEANMethaneInsightsisdevelopedbyASEANCentreforEnergy(ACE)undertheHORIZONSprojectwhichisfundedbyGlobalMethaneHub(GMH).PhotoonthecoverpageiscreditedtoUlisesCastillofromPexels.

AboutHORIZONSProject

TheInnovativeandHarmonisedMethaneEmissionMitigationintheASEAN’sEnergySector(HORIZONS)initiativeseekstoaddresskeymethanemitigationchallengesinASEAN’senergysector,byestablishingadedicatedregionalhub.

Thishubwillfocusonboththeoilandgas,andcoalsectors,providingacomprehensiveplatformtoadvancemethaneemissionreductioneffortsthroughfourmainpillars,includingpolicy,database,researchand

capacitybuilding,andfinancial.

aseanenergy

ASEANCentreforEnergy#MethaneAbatement

ListofAbbreviations

AKCMM:ASEAN-KoreanCooperationforMethaneManagement

ASCOPE:ASEANCouncilonPetroleumandEnergy

CMM:CoalMineMethane

COP:ConferenceoftheParties

IPEF:Indo-PacificEconomicFrameworkforProsperity

LDAR:LeakDetectionandRepair

MAP:MethaneActionPlan

MMRV:Measurement,Monitoring,ReportingandVerification

Mt:Milliontonnes)

MtCO₂e:Milliontonnesofcarbondioxideequivalent

Mtpa:Milliontonnesperannum

NDC:NationallyDeterminedContribution

NGR:NaturalGasRoadmap

OGMP2.0:OilandGasMethanePartnership2.0

OMEGA:OptimisingMethaneEmissionsGovernanceandAbatementinASEANOilandGasSector

SLCP:Short-LivedClimatePollutants

UNCCAC:UnitedNationsClimateandCleanAirCoalition

UNEP:UnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme

UNFCCC:UnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChange

VAM:VentilationAirMethane

VRU:VapourRecoveryUnits

aseanenergy

ASEANCentreforEnergy#MethaneAbatement

1

HowtheWorldisCuttingMethane

?

Reduction(Mt)

Global

Highlight

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

Vapourrecoveryunit

Replacewithelectricmotor

QuartterlyLDAR

ContinuousLDAR

Associatedgasutilisation

Replacepumps

DailyLDAR

Other

Blowdowncapture

Improveflaring

Monitorandplugabandonedwells

Replacewithinstrumentairsystem

BiannualLDAR

Replacecompressorsealorrod

AnnualLDAR

Installplunger

VAMoxidation

CMMutliliation

On-siterecoveryanduse

Captureandroutetoabatementsystem

Falre

Enhancecombustion

Coal

Oilandgas

Source:

IEAMethaneTrackerDatabase

,2025

Reduction(Mt)

AtCOP30,11membercountriesofUNCCACsignedajointstatementDrasticallyReducingMethaneEmissionsinGlobalFossilFuel

SectorsupportedbyEuropeanCommission,InternationalEnergyAgency,TheLatin

AmericanEnergyOrganisation,UNEP.

20

PrioritiseRobust,Transparent,andScience-BasedMMRVastheFoundationforAllMethaneAction

Source:

IEAMethaneTrackerDatabase

,2025

In2024,globalmethaneabatementintheenergysectorwasdominatedbytheoilandgasindustry,whichdeliveredaround62Mtofmethanereduction,comparedwithabout22Mtfromcoalmining.

70

60

50

Oiland

Coal

gas

Mostofthisabatementcamefromvapourrecoveryunit,equipmentreplacementandoptimisation,andLDARprogrammesintheoilandgassector,whilecoalsector

reductionswerelargelydrivenbyVAMoxidationandCMMutilisation.

40

30

61.64

21.89

Key

Takeway:

10

0

★

Source:

Climate&CleanAirCoalition

,2025Disclaimer:Analysisuses2024datareleasedafterJune2025andisthereforetreatedasapost–June2025update.

aseanenergy

ASEANCentreforEnergy#MethaneAbatement

2

CoalSector:MethanefromtheSectorRemainsanUndervalued

Risk

Newcoalminedevelopmentslowedsharplyin2024,reachingthelowestlevelintenyears

NewCoalMineAdditions(Mtpa)Average

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

Annualaverage

2015201620172018201920202021202220232024

Source:GlobalEnergyMonitor,GlobalCoalMineTracker

Newcoalminecapacityadditionsfelltoadecadelowin2024,around100Mtpabelowthehistoricalaverage.Thisdeclineislinkedto

slowerexpansioninChinaandIndia,causedbyapprovaldelays,longminedevelopmenttimelines,andeasingsupply-demandpressure

afterapandemic-drivensurgeincapacityovertheprevioustwoyears.

Source:

GlobalEnergyMonitor

,2025

aA

Coalcapacityunderdevelopmentinover30

countriescouldexpandtomorethanseventimes

currentcapacityfrom2025onwardaA

1400

Pre-permitted

1200

Permitted

1000

UnderConstruction

800

TestOperation

600

Source:GlobalEnergyMonitor,GlobalCoalMineTracker

400

200

0

China

India

Australia

Russia

SouthAfrica

Pakistan

Mozambique

Indonesia

Canada

Kazakhstan

OtherCountries

Iffullydeveloped,proposedcoalmineswouldemitanestimated15.7Mt

ofmethaneannually.Ofthis,744Mtpaoflate-stageprojectsalreadyunderconstruction

andintestoperationwouldaccountfor6Mtofmethaneemissionsthatareeffectivelylockedin.

aseanenergy

ASEANCentreforEnergy#MethaneAbatement

3

GlobalMethaneStatusReport

:WhatDoCurrentTrendsandDataShowAboutGlobalMethaneEmissions?

PolicyandRegulation

Assumesimplementationofall

legislationaffectingmethane

emissionsasofDecember2024,annualmethaneemissionsfrom

theenergysectorareprojectedtodeclineslightlyinthisdecadebutwillthenincreaseby8%in2050,comparedto2020levels.

Finance

Methaneabatementfinancing

increasedby18%toUS$13.7billionperyearonaverage

in2021and2020.

Atcurrent/near-current

growthrates,methane

abatementfinancewillfallwellshortofeven

conservativeestimatesof

what’srequiredby2030.

Technical

ImplementationofmeasuresinNationallyDetermined

Contributions(NDCs)andMethaneActionPlans

(MAPs)wouldcut2030

emissionsbyupto8%

below2020levels,the

largestandmostsustaineddeclinesincetheindustrialrevolution,butshortofthe

GMPtarget.

Source:

UNEP

,2025

aseanenergy

ASEANCentreforEnergy#MethaneAbatement

4

Advancement:Policy,Finance,andTechnical

Finance

1.GMHxGGGI:StrengthenNigeria’sgasflarerecovery

programbydevelopingrobustmeasurement,reporting,andverification(MRV)systemsandenablingaccesstocarbon

finance,targetingupto$300millionininvestment.

Source:

GGGI

,2025

Policy

DespitepressurefromtheU.S.andindustrygroupstodelayoreasecompliancerequirements—originallysettotakeeffectin2027,withproposalstopostponethemuntil2035—theEUhasreaffirmedthattheEUMethaneRegulationwillproceedasplanned,withno

exemptionsorwithdrawalofthelegislationunderconsideration.

Source:

Rinnovabili

,2025

Technical

EMB三R

2.WBGFMR:InUzbekistan,GFMRismobilisingUS$11milliontosupportacompletemethanesurveyforUztransgaz,thestate-

ownedgastransmissioncompany,andkick-startaleakrepair

facilityintheMinistryofEconomyandFinance.Thisworkwill

quicklyeliminatearound100thousandtonnesofmethaneemissionsperyear(over2MtCO2e/yr).GFMRaimstoexpandthismodeltoothercountries,includinginCentralAsia,andisintheadvancedstagesofsettingupasimilarprograminAzerbaijan.

Ember’sCoalMineMethane(CMM)DataTrackerenablesanalysis

andvisualisationofthemostcomprehensivenational-levelCMM

datasetavailable.Itofferscountry-by-countryinsightsintomethanecommitments,reportedemissions,independentestimates,and

projectionsthrough2027.Thedatasetcoversallmajorcoal-

producingcountries,combiningUNFCCC-reporteddatawith

Source:

WorldBank

,2025

independentestimatesfromtheIEAandGlobalEnergyMonitor,supplementedbyEmber’sowngap-fillinganalysis.

Source:

Ember

,2025

aseanenergy

ASEANCentreforEnergy#MethaneAbatement

5

LessonLearnedfromBigEmitters:

CoalMineMethaneCapitalisation

CreditInformation

CanadaI*l

UnitedStates

Australia

CMMCreditProgram

QuebecCap-andTradeSystem

CaliforniaCap-and-TradeSystem

AustralianCarbonCreditUnit(CMMisacoveredsector)

SafeguardMechanismCreditUnit(CMMisacoveredsector)

AverageAllowanceCreditPrice

CAD48.22/tCO2e

USD35.21/tCO2e

AUD±$35.00/tCO2e

AUD±A$35.00/tCO2e

TypeofMineCovered

Undergroundmines,SurfaceMines,andAbandonedMines

CreditQualifier

1creditisearnedpertCO2ecapturedorremoved

Source:

ICAP

,

ICAP

,

CleanEnergyRegulator

KeyEnablers:

Carbonmarketsdriveaction:IntegratingCMMintonationalcreditingor

compliancesystemsunlocksinvestmentinmethanemanagement.

Coverallminetypes:Includingunderground,surface,andabandonedminesmaximisesmitigationpotential.

Keepcreditingrulessimple:“1creditpertCO₂ecapturedorremoved”reducesadministrativeburdenandencouragesoperatorparticipation.

Exploremarketalignment:Linkingorharmonisingcarbonmarketsincreasesliquidity,stabilisesprices,andimprovesinvestorconfidence.

Ensurepricestability:Predictablecreditprices(USD33–35/tCO₂eintheU.S.

andAustralia)providecertaintyforprojectdevelopers.

Combineincentiveswithregulations:IncludingCMMincompliancesystems,whileofferingcreditpathways,balancesclimateambitionwithindustrycompetitiveness.

aseanenergy

ASEANCentreforEnergy#MethaneAbatement

6

HowASEANisCuttingMethane

?

RegionalHighlight

Reduction(Mt)

500

400

300

200

100

Vapourrecoveryunits

Associatedgasutilisation

QuarterlyLDAR

ContinuousLDAR

Replacewithelectricmotor

Monitorandplugabandonedwells

Other

Improveflaring

Replacewithinstrumentairsystems

Improveflaring

Replacecompressorsealorrod

BiannualLDAR

Blowdowncapture

AnnualLDAR

Installplunger

CMMutilisation

VAMoxidation

On-siterecoveryanduse

Captureandroutetoabatementsystem

Flare

stionefficiency

0

Enhancecombu

Source:IEAMethaneTrackerDatabaseOilandgasCoal

AcrossASEAN,thepatternofmethaneabatementlargelymirrorstheglobalpicture.ReductionisledbytheoilandgassectorthroughtheapplicationofVRUsprovidingthelargestcontributionstomethane

cuts,followedbyassociatedgasutilisationandLDARmeasures.Inthecoalsector,abatementismainlydriventhroughCMMutilisation,VAMoxidation,andon-siterecoveryanduse.

WithmethanenowembeddedacrossAPAEC’sOilandGasandCleanCoalprioritiesin2026-2030,ASEANhascreatedapowerfulregional

mandatethatalignspolicy,investment,andtechnology.Itturns

methaneabatementfromaperipheralissueintoacentralpillaroftheregion’senergytransition.

CivilianNuclearEnergy(CNE)

ASEANPowerGrid(APG)

Oil&Gas,Connectivity,Security,and

Sustainability(OGCSS)

CleanCoal

Transformation(CCTR)

RenewableEnergy(RE)

RegionalEnergyPolicy&Planning(REPP)

RelevantActionPlan

OGCSS:Promoteandset

initiativestoreducemethane

emissionsinoilandgasactivities

CCTR:Buildawarenessandknowledgeofemissions

managementacrossthecoalvaluechain

EnergyEfficiencyandConservation(EE&C)

aseanenergy

ASEANCentreforEnergy#MethaneAbatement

7

Indonesia:

MorefirmsjointheOGMP2.0

membership

Cambodia:

Phasingdowncoal-firedpowerplants

InitsThirdNationallyDeterminedContribution(NDC3.0),releasedinJuly2025,Cambodiaaddressesmethaneemissionslinkedtocoal

primarilythroughtheplannedphase-downofcoal-firedpower

generation,positioningthistransitionasakeypathwayforreducingassociatedmethaneandbroaderfossil-fuelemissions.

Thestrategyinvolves:

On6November2025,PTMedcoEnergiInternasionalTbk(MedcoEnergi)

announcedthatitsOil&GassubsidiaryPTMedcoE&PIndonesiahasjoinedtheOil&GasMethanePartnership(OGMP)2.0.

MedcoEnergi’sparticipationinOGMP2.0isapositivesignalofgrowingprivate-sectorleadershipinstrengtheningmethanemeasurement,

reporting,andmitigationpracticesinIndonesia’soilandgassector.

Implementingacoalmoratoriumonnewprojects

Acceleratingtheretirementofolderinefficientplants

Transitioningsomeexistingfacilitiestocleaneralternativeslikebiomassco-firingorLNGastransitionfuels.

Thesemeasuresrepresentapositiveandpragmaticsteptoward

limitingfuturemethanegrowthfromthepowersectorwhilealigningCambodia’senergytransitionwithregionaldecarbonisation

objectives.

Thecompanyhasalreadysurpasseditsinterim

2025targetasemissionshavedecreasedby

morethan1.5milliontonsofCO2e

comparedtoits2019baseline,whilecontinuingtoexpandrenewableenergythroughgeothermalandsolarPVdevelopments.

Source:

MedcoEnerg

i

So

urce:

UNFCC

C

aseanenergy

ASEANCentreforEnergy#MethaneAbatement

Malaysia'sNaturalGasRoadmap(NGR),approvedinlate2025,aimstosecureenergysupply,supporteconomicgrowth,andtransitiontoalow-carboneconomybybalancinggas'sroleasatransitionalfuel.

Theroadmapandrelatedinitiativessupporttheadoptionofpoliciesandmeasurestoeliminateroutineflaringandventing,aswellasregularleakdetectionandrepair

campaignsinoilandgasoperations.

Malaysia’ssustainedeffortstobuildacoherentand

structuredpolicyframeworkforgasandmethane

managementserveasakeylessonforregionalpolicydevelopment.

Source:Bernama

Malaysia:

Methaneabatementasa

componentintherecently

approvedNaturalGasRoadmap

Philippines:

Anewchapterinthecountry'sclimateandaircontrolthroughthe finalisationofSLCPNationalPlan

andMethaneRoadmap

ThePhilippines’Short-LivedClimatePollutants(SLCPs)NationalActionPlanservesasanevidence-basedmethaneroadmap,guidingmitigationactions

acrosskeysectors,includingwaste,agriculture,energy,andtransport.

Theplanidentifiesprioritymeasures,addressesimplementationbarriers,andsupportscoordination,monitoring,andevaluation,whilealso

highlightingopportunitiestointegratemethaneandotherSLCPactionsintotheforthcomingNDC3.0andrelatednationalstrategies.

TheprojectunderpinningthisactionplanwascompletedinQ22025andwillserveasguidanceforpolicymakersindevelopinganevidence-basedpolicyframeworktoaddressclimatechangerelatedissues,includingmethane.

Source:

CleanAirAsia

8

aseanenergy

ASEANCentreforEnergy#MethaneAbatement

ThailandjoinedtheCleanEconomyAgreementundertheIndo-

PacificEconomicFrameworkforProsperity(IPEF)inJune2024,

strengtheningitscommitmenttocleanerandmoreresilientenergysystems.

Notably,theagreementisexpectedtoenhanceThailand’s

capacityforadvancedmethaneleakdetectionandrepair(LDAR),

alongsidesupportforsolar,battery,andhydrogentechnologydevelopment.

Thisengagementpresentsapositiveopportunityforpilotingadvancedmethanemitigationapproachesandoffers

valuablelessonsthatcouldbesharedwithotherAMS.

Source:UNDP

Thailand:

Joinseconomicagreementtoimproveitscapacityinabatingmethaneintheenergysector

VietNam

Pilotphaseofitscarbonmarketin2025tobeformallylaunchin2028

Bytheendof2025,VietNam’sdomesticcarbonmarkethasentereditspilotphase,followingtheimplementationofDecreeNo.06/2022/ND-CPanditsamendment,DecreeNo.119/2025/ND-CP,whichrequiremorethan2,000 largeemittingfacilitiestoconductandsubmitGHGinventories.

Thegovernmenthasbegunallocatingfreeemissionquotastoselectedcompanies,layingthegroundworkforfullmarket

operation,includingtrading,transferring,andoffsettingemissions,scheduledforformallaunchin2028.

TheinclusionofmethanewithinVietNam’semergingcarbon

marketframeworkisapositivesignalthatstrengthensincentivesformethaneabatementandprovidesencouragementforsimilarmarket-basedapproachesacrosstheregion.

Source:

OECD

9

aseanenergy

ASEANCentreforEnergy#MethaneAbatement

10

OptimisingMethaneEmissionsGovernanceandAbatementinASEANOilandGasSector

(OMEGA)

TheOMEGAproject,ledbytheASEANCentreforEnergyandfundedbytheClimateandCleanAir

Coalition,aimstoassistASEANMemberStatesinstrengtheningtheirmethanepolicies,

regulations,measurement,reportingand

verification(MRV)systems,aswellasenhancingcapacitybuildingacrosstheoilandgassector.

RegionalInitiatives

MethaneManagement

Roadmap

TheASEANMethaneManagementRoadmapfor

OilandGas,releasedinmid-2025bytheASEANCentreforEnergy,ASCOPE,andtheWorldBank

Group’sFlaringandMethaneReduction

Initiatives.ThisframeworkoutlinesstrategiesforreducingmethaneemissionsfromtheoilandgassectoracrossASEANMemberStates.Itfocuses

onfourkeyareas:enhancedmonitoring,

standardisedreporting,certificationprograms,andcost-effectiveabatementstrategies.

ASEAN-KoreanCooperationforMethaneManagement(AKCMM)

TheAKCMMisaregionalprogramisfundedbytheASEAN-KoreaCooperationFund(AKCF)tohelpASEANMemberStatesstrengthenfourstrategicareas:

1.Developingenablingpoliciesandinstitutions;

2.Improvingthemeasurementofmethaneemissions;

3.Designing,financing,andimplementingmethanereductionprojects;and

TIMORLESTE

4.Promotingregionaldialogueandpartnershipacrosskeysectorsuchasagriculture,wasteandenergy.MalaysiaandLaoPDRareamongthefirstcountriestobeginimplementingAKCMMactivities.

aseanenergy

ASEANCentreforEnergy#MethaneAbatement

11

MethaneinNDCsandSustainableFinanceTaxonomy

10outof11ASEANMemberStatesincludemethaneasoneofthetargeted

greenhousegasesundertheirNationallyDeterminedContributions(NDCs),reflectingstrongrecognitionofmethaneasapriorityclimatepollutant.

5ASEANMemberStatesrecognisemethaneintheirSustainableFinance

Taxonomy,butonly3(Indonesia,Thailand,andSingapore)explicitlyaddressmethaneintheenergysector.ThisobservationshowsthatASEANstillhas

roomtoimproveinaligningfinancingwithmethanemitigationefforts.

Indonesia’sSustainableFinanceTaxonom