2026年中考英语语法核心点详解 part 11 助动词

高中英语语法核心点详解part18助动词1.助动词的特征1.其后须接原形动词例如1.HecanspeakEnglish.HecanspeaksEnglish.(×)2.现在式中,主词为第三人称单数,字尾不加s例如1.HecansspeakEnglish.(×)3.形成否定句,助动词后加not例如1.HecannotspeakEnglish.Hedoesn’tcanspeakEnglish.(×)4.形成疑问句时,直接将助动词置于主词前例如1.HecanspeakEnglish.→CanhespeakEnglish?DoeshecanspeakEnglish?(×)5.两个助动词不能连用例如1.Youwillcanswimsoon.(×)Youwillbeabletoswimsoon.2.助动词的用法can(could)–表“能力,许可,可能”表“能力”=beableto例如1.HecanspeakJapanese,buthecannot/can’twriteit.例如2.Shetriedtotietherope,butshecouldn’t(过去式).例如3.明天我将能完成报告并出去看展览。Iwillbeabletofinishthepaperandgoouttoseetheexhibitiontomorrow.例如4.我一直想不起他的名字。Ihaven’tbeenabletorecallhisname.表“可能”例如1.Itcannotbetrue.例如2.Thiskindofthingcanhappeneverynowandthen.例如3.Aquarrelcansometimescausetrouble.例如4.天空中的光线可能是不明飞行物。ThelightintheskycouldbeaUFO.过去式表“许可”例如1.Youcancomeinifyouhaveaticket.例如2.I’mafraid(that)youcan’tparkyourcarhere.例如3.--CanIleaveearlybecauseI’mnotwelltoday?--Certainly.表“请求”例如1.Canyoudomeafavor?Couldyoudomeafavor?更为客气注意一般来说,对自己的行为会用CanI...?而对对方的行为则用Couldyou...?例如2.Couldyourepeatyourcellphonenumber,please?may(might)表“许可”例如1.Youmaynotchewguminclass.例如2.MayIinterruptyou?--Sure.表“可能”例如1.YoumayberightbutIamagainstyouropinion.例如2.Hishealthmayormaynotturnforthebetter.例如3.Shemightnotknowthatyouarehere.might所表示的可能性较may低表“祈愿”例如1.愿我不会再看见那样的景象！MayIneverseeasightlikethatagain!例如2.祝你成功。Mayyousucceed.must表“义务,命令”例如1.下周二前你必须归还这本书。YoumustreturnthebookbynextTuesday.例如2.你不可以在嘴巴有东西时说话。Youmustnottalkwithyourmouthfull.注意：mustnot不可以,禁止例如1.MustIreallyattendthemeeting?--Yes,youmust.--No,youneednot.--No,youdon’thaveto.注意：must=havetomust只能用于现在式，其过去式只能用hadto,未来式用willhaveto,完成式用havehadto代替例如1.IhadtogotoseethedoctorbecauseIcaughtacold.IcaughtTom’scold.被Tom传染了感冒例如2.You’llhavetoreplacethislightbulb.例如3.我们必须一直待在这里,因为外面正在下大雨。Wehavehadtostayherebecauseit’srainingheavily/catsanddogsoutside.重点：口语中,常用havegotto代替haveto，其中have是准助动词例如1.You’vegottobemorepatient,Mary.由于have是准助动词,所以可以缩写表“推测”例如1.Youmustbekidding.例如2.Thatisanenormousanimal;itmustweighaton.重点：表推测时的must,否定用cannot；mustnot是不可以,禁止例如3.She’sveryyoung.Shecannotbeovertwenty.表“必然”例如1.Allmenmustdie.人一定会死。will表“现在的推测”例如1.Momwillbedownstairsnow.妈妈现在应该在楼下吧。例如2.Thatwillbehishouse.那应该是他家吧。表“主词强烈的意志;固执”例如1.Thewindowwillnotopen.窗户怎么也打不开(人的感受,也许其他人感到可以打开)。例如2.Hewillinsistonhisright.他要坚持他的权利。表“习惯;倾向”例如1.Accidentswillhappen.意外总会发生。例如2.Adrowningmanwillcatchatastraw.溺水者总会攀草求援。表“请求;劝诱”例如1.Willyoubringmealadder?麻烦你拿个梯子给我好吗？例如2.Willyouhaveonemorecoffee?你要不要再来杯咖啡呢?wouldwould为will的过去式,但其有特殊的用法表“客气的请求”例如1.你介意我坐在你旁边吗？WouldyoumindifIsitnexttoyou?Wouldyoumindme/mysittingnexttoyou?例如2.请你稍后再打给我好吗？Wouldyoucallmebacklater?Wouldyoupleasecallmebacklater?Wouldyoucallmebacklater,please?表“过去的习惯/常常做的事情”常伴随sometimes,often等频率副词例如1.Beforetheyhadtelevision,peoplewouldlistentotheradio.Beforetheyhadtelevision,peoplelistenedtotheradio.语气没上去在有电视之前,人们常常听收音机。例如2.Susanwouldoftenchatwithusatthiscoffeeshop.Susan以前经常和我们在这家咖啡馆聊天。(现在不了)表“过去的意志”例如1.Youwouldn’teatcarrotswhenyouwereaboy.例如2.Therustyscrewwouldn’tcomeloose.这生锈的螺丝怎么也弄不开。usedto表“过去习惯”例如1.John以前在下课后常到餐厅打工。Johnusedtoworkpart-time(adv.)atarestaurantafterschool.例如2.我以前常在午休时去游泳，但现在则不。Iusedtogoforaswimonmylunchbreak,butnowIdon’t.例如3.IusedtogotothemovieseverySunday.IwoundoftengotothemovieswhenIwasyoung.注意usedto表示过去相当长的习惯would表示过去动作的重复,其习惯意味较淡重点：usedto的否定形：usednotto(因其为助动词)/didn’tuseto疑问形：Used+S+to...?或Did+S+useto?例如1.Heusednottodrink.=Hedidn’tusetodrink.eatsoup喝汤例如2.他以前常和你一起去上学吗？Usedhetogotoschoolwithyou?Didheusetogotoschoolwithyou?例如3.Weusedtotalkaboutourfuture,usedn’twe?Weusedtotalkaboutourfuture,didn’twe?表“过去持续的状况”例如1.从前这里有一座古庙。Thereusedtobeanoldtemplehere.例如2.他不再是三年前的他了。Heisn’twhatheusedtobethreeyearsage.重点物beusedtoV→(物)被用来...人beusedtoVing→(人)习惯...人usedtoV→过去习惯于例如1.Theknifeisusedtocutbread.例如2.我习惯早睡早起。Iamusedtokeepinggoodhours.should表“义务”例如1.你应该多运动并且少吃东西。Youshouldexercisemoreandeatless.playsports有运动项目,takeexercise扭扭腰什么的例如2.政府应该多花点钱在教育上。Thegovernmentshouldspendmoremoneyoneducation.表“推测”（应该会...吧）例如1.我们的客人应该在一小时内会到吧。Ourguestsshouldbeherewithinanhour.bemyguest别客气，请用；请便例如2.我昨天寄电子邮件给你，所以你应该知道邀请函的事吧。Isentyoue-mail/ane-mailyesterday,soyoushouldknowabouttheinvitation.表“强烈的惊奇”—怎么会例如1.Whoshouldmakesuchafoolishmistake?谁会犯如此愚蠢的错误呢?例如2.HowshouldIknowit?我怎么会知道呢?重点：oughtto(应该)语气强于should,在口语中常用例如1.我的脚踏车应该在这里,因为我就把它停在电线杆旁。Mybicycleoughtto/should/wassupposedtobeherebecauseIleftitjustbesidethetelegraphpole.例如2.Yououghtn’t(to)doso.例如3.Oughtwe(to)tellhimaboutit?在疑问和否定,美语常省toneed(普通动词/助动词)做助动词只在否定句,疑问句,肯定句直接用need(动词)need(v.)→人+need+toV→物+need(s)+Ving/tobeP.P.例如1.你不需要说这么大声，我听得很清楚。Youdon’tneedtospeaksoloud.Ihearyouverywell.普通动词Youneednotspeaksoloud.Ihearyouverywell.助动词例如2.我需要把节目录下来吗？不，你不需要。--DoIneedtorecordtheprogramonthetape?普通动词--No,youdon’tneedto.--NeedIrecordtheprogramonthetape?助动词--No,youneedn’t.--Yes,youmust.need作助动词不能用在肯定句dare(dare-dared)dare+VR助动词dare+(to)+VR一般动词例如1.她不敢说实话。Shedarenot/daren’ttellthetruth.助动词Shedoesnotdaretotellthetruth.一般动词Shedoesnotdaretellthetruth.一般动词例如2.那时我不敢嘲笑他。Idarednotlaughathimatthattime.助动词Ididn’tdaretolaughathimatthattime.一般动词Ididn’tdarelaughathimatthattime.一般动词例如3.Howdareyouaskmeforhelp?例如4.Idaresayheisright.3.含助动词的惯用表现助动词+have+过去分词A.代替过去式表达一种（过去）例如1.Youmayhaveheardthisjokebefore.mayheard不存在,使用mayhaveheard代替,表达一种（过去）例如2.Thekeysmighthavefallenoutofyourpocket.表达一种（过去）例如3.Imusthavebeenasleep.Ididn’thearyourfootsteps.表达一种（过去）可能性must→may→might例如4.Hecannothavesurvivedintheaccident.B.表达责备：本应该,却没有;本不应该,却例如1.Youshould/oughttohaveappliedforthejobsooner.例如2.Sheneednothavecomesoearly.含有can的惯用表现cannothelp+Ving（禁不住）例如1.无论何时我听到那首歌都忍不住流泪。IcannothelpcryingwheneverIhearthatsong.cannothelpbutV（不能不...）例如2.Icannothelpbutthinkso.cannot…too…（无论再...也不为过）例如3.Youcannotbetoocarefulwhenyouchooseahusband.含may(might)的惯用表现1.maywell+V（大可...;恐怕是...）例如1.Hemaywellsayso.他大可这么说。例如2.Shemaywellbelost.Shehasapoorsenseofdirection.她恐怕迷路了。她方向感很差。2.may(might)aswell+V…（不妨...）例如3.You’llneversolvethatproblem.Youmightaswellgiveup.3.may(might)aswellV(b)asV(a)…（与其(a)不如(b)）例如4.Youmightaswellthrowyourmoneyintotheseaaslendittohim.与其借给他不如丢到海里should用于that子句表“感情因素”（表达这很正常或他竟然...）此句型中常用的有：surprising,strange,lucky,sad,regrettable,natural,apity等例如1.Itisnaturalthatsheshouldwanttohavechildren.她想要有小孩是很自然的事。例如2.It’sapitythatheshouldbesickinbad.It’sapitythatheissickinbad.他竟然卧病在床,实在可惜去掉should也可,不过加上更能表达情感表“当然;必要”此句型中常用的有：important,necessary,