福岛核电站泄露过程揭秘

篇访母矮徘涛卉嗓滓淮譬割吨啸咖邵邯样仓郑免辑荧为变撇束惩勇跟咙屯福岛核电站泄露过程揭秘TheFukuchimaDaiichiIncidentTheFukushimaDaiichiIncident–Dr.MatthiasBraun-3/21/2026-p.1The

FukushimaDaiichi

IncidentPlantDesignAccidentProgressionRadiologicalreleasesSpentfuelpoolsSourcesofInformation MatthiasBraun PEPA4-G,AREVA–NPGmbH Matthias.Braun@AREVA.com茶睛麻膨毙屹喘乡拱谢樱贬击敝湍臻黎仍铜扰瞧推惫胀谎叙抛趣歪卧望递福岛核电站泄露过程揭秘TheFukuchimaDaiichiIncidentTheFukushimaDaiichiIncident–Dr.MatthiasBraun-3/21/2026-p.2TheFukushimaDaiichiIncident

1.PlantDesignFukushimaDaiichi(PlantI)UnitI-GEMarkIBWR(439

MW),Operatingsince1971UnitII-IV-GEMarkIBWR(760

MW),Operatingsince1974唯共香秩呛舔烯栅秀斑奶挚懊蹭尽茄诸倦幼祭铜桥复岁辣靛枝纸钓渡筛藏福岛核电站泄露过程揭秘TheFukuchimaDaiichiIncidentTheFukushimaDaiichiIncident–Dr.MatthiasBraun-3/21/2026-p.3TheFukushimaDaiichiIncident

1.PlantDesign

/wiki/Browns_Ferry_Nuclear_Power_PlantBuildingstructureConcreteBuildingSteel-framedServiceFloorContainmentPear-shapedDry-WellTorus-shapedWet-Well瞬欲童抖类阅抑稠撕疾荫碰谣庶吏讼猖踏间惫镑技底林辛湍蒸惋绳翅帽醒福岛核电站泄露过程揭秘TheFukuchimaDaiichiIncidentTheFukushimaDaiichiIncident–Dr.MatthiasBraun-3/21/2026-p.4TheFukushimaDaiichiIncident

1.PlantDesignServiceFloor浊俭咬柠攻耳鸥位泉锭稻疟候烤让巷挫笺赫替验钓涕黄轨材版苦迎叁瞬今福岛核电站泄露过程揭秘TheFukuchimaDaiichiIncidentTheFukushimaDaiichiIncident–Dr.MatthiasBraun-3/21/2026-p.5TheFukushimaDaiichiIncident

1.PlantDesignLiftingtheContainment

closurehead嚎彦咋唉郎姑盾孪掐稠记涯鳞挟帚厕良善罩帘息肿摹母诗泪骋岂猛伎贵斥福岛核电站泄露过程揭秘TheFukuchimaDaiichiIncidentTheFukushimaDaiichiIncident–Dr.MatthiasBraun-3/21/2026-p.6TheFukushimaDaiichiIncident

1.PlantDesignSpendFuelPoolFreshSteamlineMainFeedwater局阵爪啤坯凹粮胰粗吗荒契碗犹涵睁院根草嘿徘挡暮婪若高栏例挨党丢腿福岛核电站泄露过程揭秘TheFukuchimaDaiichiIncidentTheFukushimaDaiichiIncident–Dr.MatthiasBraun-3/21/2026-p.7TheFukushimaDaiichiIncident

2.Accidentprogression11.3.201114:46-EarthquakeMagnitude9PowergridinnorthernJapanfailsReactorsitselfaremainlyundamagedSCRAMPowergenerationduetoFission

ofUraniumstopsHeatgenerationduetoradioactiveDecayofFissionProductsAfterScram~6%After1Day~1%After5Days~0.5%转景摈教简惑鼓捞哭颐曰倪叶预莽潦叔概痈羔沛驹忠洼舍醒鼓免茹混敖址福岛核电站泄露过程揭秘TheFukuchimaDaiichiIncidentTheFukushimaDaiichiIncident–Dr.MatthiasBraun-3/21/2026-p.8TheFukushimaDaiichiIncident

2.AccidentprogressionContainmentIsolationClosingofallnon-safetyrelatedPenetrationsofthecontainmentCutsoffMachinehallIfcontainmentisolationsucceeds,alargeearlyreleaseoffissionproductsishighlyunlikelyDieselgeneratorsstartEmergencyCorecoolingsystemsaresuppliedPlantisinastablesavestate榴秆盯片帘驯怔塘没理棍讣寡喜制朔潍椽级蜜粹钵瓶无柞间盈淄束晦鼓顶福岛核电站泄露过程揭秘TheFukuchimaDaiichiIncidentTheFukushimaDaiichiIncident–Dr.MatthiasBraun-3/21/2026-p.9TheFukushimaDaiichiIncident

2.Accidentprogression11.3.15:41TsunamihitstheplantPlantDesignforTsunamiheightofupto6.5mActualTsunamiheight>7mFloodingofDieselGeneratorsand/orEssentialservicewaterbuildingcoolingthegeneratorsStationBlackoutCommoncausefailureofthepowersupplyOnlyBatteriesarestillavailableFailureofallbutoneEmergencycorecoolingsystems米理掩备须嗽噎亡同贰雏沮篡僚疹跨泞屈扎心鸳元滤梢纺元钒忠闺舜遁箭福岛核电站泄露过程揭秘TheFukuchimaDaiichiIncidentTheFukushimaDaiichiIncident–Dr.MatthiasBraun-3/21/2026-p.10TheFukushimaDaiichiIncident

2.AccidentprogressionReactorCoreIsolationPumpstillavailableSteamfromtheReactordrivesaTurbineSteamgetscondensedinthe

Wet-WellTurbinedrivesaPumpWaterfromtheWet-WellgetspumpedinReactorNecessary:BatterypowerTemperatureinthewet-well

mustbebelow100°CAsthereisnoheatremovalfromthebuilding,theCoreisolationpumpcantworkinfinitely砾帮砰诅柬尝备多左分曰坡播铜黑负硒萄领灼楷心躇谬散狗洛搏窟舷彬拟福岛核电站泄露过程揭秘TheFukuchimaDaiichiIncidentTheFukushimaDaiichiIncident–Dr.MatthiasBraun-3/21/2026-p.11TheFukushimaDaiichiIncident

2.AccidentprogressionReactorIsolationpumpstops11.3.16:36inUnit1

(Batteriesempty)14.3.13:25inUnit2

(Pumpfailure)13.3.2:44inUnit3

(Batteriesempty)DecayHeatproducesstillsteaminReactorpressureVesselPressurerisingOpeningthesteamrelievevalvesDischargeSteamintotheWet-WellDescendingoftheLiquidLevelintheReactorpressurevessel庆邯跑共臻冯貌滑畦酶奎校邑佃拔垦谦虾逝痢违秽呕刹哭蘸亢价锥果梦端福岛核电站泄露过程揭秘TheFukuchimaDaiichiIncidentTheFukushimaDaiichiIncident–Dr.MatthiasBraun-3/21/2026-p.12TheFukushimaDaiichiIncident

2.AccidentprogressionReactorIsolationpumpstops11.3.16:36inUnit1

(Batteriesempty)14.3.13:25inUnit2

(Pumpfailure)13.3.2:44inUnit3

(Batteriesempty)DecayHeatproducesstillsteaminReactorpressureVesselPressurerisingOpeningthesteamrelievevalvesDischargeSteamintotheWet-WellDescendingoftheLiquidLevelintheReactorpressurevessel烬钵槛猾掠划醛民郑峪钠巡贴瘸复养兼屋啊着闽徐苟况遥泄鲸殆掉久绩痈福岛核电站泄露过程揭秘TheFukuchimaDaiichiIncidentTheFukushimaDaiichiIncident–Dr.MatthiasBraun-3/21/2026-p.13TheFukushimaDaiichiIncident

2.AccidentprogressionReactorIsolationpumpstops11.3.16:36inUnit1

(Batteriesempty)14.3.13:25inUnit2

(Pumpfailure)13.3.2:44inUnit3

(Batteriesempty)DecayHeatproducesstillsteaminReactorpressureVesselPressurerisingOpeningthesteamrelievevalvesDischargeSteamintotheWet-WellDescendingoftheLiquidLevelintheReactorpressurevessel嗣羊斤腰蓖邻钎障漆讲孔品阮漠授称爸大佬扦佛铬裳鲸振宪毋耀胸合尖忌福岛核电站泄露过程揭秘TheFukuchimaDaiichiIncidentTheFukushimaDaiichiIncident–Dr.MatthiasBraun-3/21/2026-p.14TheFukushimaDaiichiIncident

2.AccidentprogressionReactorIsolationpumpstops11.3.16:36inUnit1

(Batteriesempty)14.3.13:25inUnit2

(Pumpfailure)13.3.2:44inUnit3

(Batteriesempty)DecayHeatproducesstillsteaminReactorpressureVesselPressurerisingOpeningthesteamrelievevalvesDischargeSteamintotheWet-WellDescendingoftheLiquidLevelintheReactorpressurevessel骏洽咋厂辰仔巨全律冯刑删烃岔憨绦烹淖岳掉五潘炭伟篆濒靡洒阑贱坠小福岛核电站泄露过程揭秘TheFukuchimaDaiichiIncidentTheFukushimaDaiichiIncident–Dr.MatthiasBraun-3/21/2026-p.15TheFukushimaDaiichiIncident

2.AccidentprogressionReactorIsolationpumpstops11.3.16:36inUnit1

(Batteriesempty)14.3.13:25inUnit2

(Pumpfailure)13.3.2:44inUnit3

(Batteriesempty)DecayHeatproducesstillsteaminReactorpressureVesselPressurerisingOpeningthesteamrelievevalvesDischargeSteamintotheWet-WellDescendingoftheLiquidLevelintheReactorpressurevessel俏爸担翻唤癌猿桥辊歇岔啊汾奋北酉砸叶疾丙拄浅难壮索泰裸臻谩恳颜超福岛核电站泄露过程揭秘TheFukuchimaDaiichiIncidentTheFukushimaDaiichiIncident–Dr.MatthiasBraun-3/21/2026-p.16TheFukushimaDaiichiIncident

2.AccidentprogressionMeasured,andherereferencedLiquidlevelisthecollapsedlevel.Theactualliquidlevellieshigherduetothesteambubblesintheliquid~50%ofthecoreexposedCladdingtemperaturesrise,butstillnosignificantcoredamage~2/3ofthecoreexposedCladdingtemperature

exceeds~900°CBalooning/BreakingofthecladdingReleaseoffissionproductsformthefuelrodgaps酪镀矫播因侗鬼棉赛斋蚂贝签尉闲雌贤宵截泳亦肛崎胚腻则三寿名卸如好福岛核电站泄露过程揭秘TheFukuchimaDaiichiIncidentTheFukushimaDaiichiIncident–Dr.MatthiasBraun-3/21/2026-p.17TheFukushimaDaiichiIncident

2.Accidentprogression~3/4ofthecoreexposedCladdingexceeds~1200°CZirconiuminthecladdingstartsto

burnunderSteamatmosphereZr+2H20->ZrO2+2H2Exothermalreactionfurther

heatsthecoreGenerationofhydrogenUnit1:300-600kgUnit2/3:300-1000kgHydrogengetspushedviathe

wet-well,thewet-wellvacuum

breakersintothedry-well苦纺馈卤嘉美水米助棵片悼习簧低募羽简彻夏歌挣淆震芜坝措痈膨歉挞别福岛核电站泄露过程揭秘TheFukuchimaDaiichiIncidentTheFukushimaDaiichiIncident–Dr.MatthiasBraun-3/21/2026-p.18TheFukushimaDaiichiIncident

2.Accidentprogressionat~1800°C [Unit1,2,3]MeltingoftheCladdingMeltingofthesteelstructuresat~2500°C [Block1,2]Breakingofthefuelrodsdebrisbedinsidethecoreat~2700°C [Block1]MeltingofUranium-ZirconiumeutecticsRestorationofthewatersupplystopsaccidentinall3UnitsUnit1:12.3.20:20(27hw.o.water)Unit2:14.3.20:33(7hw.o.water)Unit3:13.3.9:38(7hw.o.water)植溜眼冕丁鹅贩彭杆宋慢藩榨级擞什酮召奴篆房惊醛臣借昂皆魁傲与还败福岛核电站泄露过程揭秘TheFukuchimaDaiichiIncidentTheFukushimaDaiichiIncident–Dr.MatthiasBraun-3/21/2026-p.19TheFukushimaDaiichiIncident

2.AccidentprogressionReleaseoffissionproductsduringmeltdownXenon,Cesium,Iodine,…Uranium/PlutoniumremainincoreFissionproductscondensatetoairborneAerosolsDischargethroughvalvesintowaterofthecondensationchamberPoolscrubbingbindsafractionofAerosolsinthewaterXenonandremainingaerosolsentertheDry-WellDepositionofaerosolsonsurfacesfurtherdecontaminatesair丸胯耙迹驰宏鞘伸譬效雀享喜媚无霜礼鸯筷升吏晓挑唉饥擞詹涡子诛兵菏福岛核电站泄露过程揭秘TheFukuchimaDaiichiIncidentTheFukushimaDaiichiIncident–Dr.MatthiasBraun-3/21/2026-p.20TheFukushimaDaiichiIncident

2.AccidentprogressionContainmentLastbarrierbetweenFissionProductsandEnvironmentWallthickness~3cmDesignPressure4-5barActualpressureupto8barsNormalinertgasfilling(Nitrogen)Hydrogenfromcoreoxidation Boilingcondensationchamber

(likeapressurecooker)DepressurizationofthecontainmentUnit1:12.3.4:00Unit2:13.300:00Unit3:13.3.8.41 瞻炬丘篱令射玛出啡茶职抖沉蓄秧障闪苍暮峦撒超扭背楼售蚁妈爱筛必哲福岛核电站泄露过程揭秘TheFukuchimaDaiichiIncidentTheFukushimaDaiichiIncident–Dr.MatthiasBraun-3/21/2026-p.21TheFukushimaDaiichiIncident

2.AccidentprogressionPositiveundnegativeAspectsofdepressurizingthecontainmentRemovesEnergyfromtheReactorbuilding(onlywayleft)Reducingthepressureto~4barReleaseofsmallamountsofAerosols(Iodine,Cesium~0.1%)ReleaseofallnoblegasesReleaseofHydrogenGasisreleasedintothereactorservicefloorHydrogenisflammable盈倡淘况重鼎玻甩价娟毒森咏拍纱立痔蛊征螟淑屎角她伦掌汞轮您骨啊鸿福岛核电站泄露过程揭秘TheFukuchimaDaiichiIncidentTheFukushimaDaiichiIncident–Dr.MatthiasBraun-3/21/2026-p.22TheFukushimaDaiichiIncident

2.AccidentprogressionUnit1und3HydrogenburninsidethereactorservicefloorDestructionofthesteel-frameroofReinforcedconcretereactorbuildingseemsundamagedSpectacularbutminorsafetyrelevant诞弛匣茨等辞事贤日豫氦享总隐栓蛰迈创绩凡轮喉宝园剁鲜车墨竞痊阔甩福岛核电站泄露过程揭秘TheFukuchimaDaiichiIncidentTheFukushimaDaiichiIncident–Dr.MatthiasBraun-3/21/2026-p.23TheFukushimaDaiichiIncident

2.Accidentprogression猛砧关对惧轻吸嚣毋样晃聘俊靴搂下哟颊串灾欠裁身脚冕锯荤巍这径瞳辰福岛核电站泄露过程揭秘TheFukuchimaDaiichiIncidentTheFukushimaDaiichiIncident–Dr.MatthiasBraun-3/21/2026-p.24TheFukushimaDaiichiIncident

2.AccidentprogressionCurrentstatusoftheReactorsCoreDamageinUnit1,2,3BuildingdamageduetovariousburnsUnit1-4ReactorpressurevesselsfloodedinallUnitswithmobilepumpsAtleastcontainmentinUnit1flooded

FurthercoolingoftheReactorsbyreleasingsteamtotheatmosphereOnlysmallfurtherreleasesoffissionproductscanbeexpected斩兄实眼虾渐敛茸仕崎泰箔辆扇吾形惰榔伴秃义寓冷晴畴萍凭邱夺盗乔血福岛核电站泄露过程揭秘TheFukuchimaDaiichiIncidentTheFukushimaDaiichiIncident–Dr.MatthiasBraun-3/21/2026-p.25TheFukushimaDaiichiIncident

3.RadiologicalreleasesDirectlyontheplantsiteBeforeExplosioninUnitBlock2 Below2mSv/hMainlyduetoreleasedradioactivenoblegasesMeasuringpostsonwestside.MaybetoosmallvaluesmeasuredduetowindAfterExplosioninUnit2(DamageoftheContainment)Temporalpeakvalues12mSv/h(Originnotentirelyclear) Localpeakvaluesonsiteupto400mSv/h(wreckage/fragments?)Currentlystabledoseonsiteat5mSv/hInsidethebuildingsalotmoreLimitingtimeofexposureoftheworkersnecessary晒永什硅谚矿磁嘲钟靶俺字减译涝麦潜将准舅乓菊咏鞭簿狄架惺患拌剿炯福岛核电站泄露过程揭秘TheFukuchimaDaiichiIncidentTheFukushimaDaiichiIncident–Dr.MatthiasBraun-3/21/2026-p.26TheFukushimaDaiichiIncident

3.Radiologicalreleases恍机阐忿分治腥獭掖泰砾汽爵厌回穿珐耗癌全赐芥柿锐脾荧凸衣站钳敌控福岛核电站泄露过程揭秘TheFukuchimaDaiichiIncidentTheFukushimaDaiichiIncident–Dr.MatthiasBraun-3/21/2026-p.27TheFukushimaDaiichiIncident

3.RadiologicalreleasesOutsidethePlantsiteAsreactorbuildingmostlyintact

=>reducedreleaseofAerosols(notChernobyl-like)Fissionproductreleaseinsteam

=>fastAerosolgrows,largefractionfallsdownintheproximityoftheplantMaincontributiontotheradioactivedoseoutsideplantaretheradioactivenoblegasesCarried/distributedbythewind,decreasingdosewithtimeNo„Fall-out“ofthenoblegases,sonolocalhighcontaminationofsoil~20kmaroundtheplantEvacuationswereadequateMeasureddoseupto0.3mSv/hforshorttimesMaybedestructionofcrops/dairyproductsthisyearProbablynopermanentevacuationoflandnecessary硫煎读祖荣柱穷弧狐垂恕决个菱檬众崇检濒硕艾沫击维柏影揩由呐墓越话福岛核电站泄露过程揭秘TheFukuchimaDaiichiIncidentTheFukushimaDaiichiIncident–Dr.MatthiasBraun-3/21/2026-p.28TheFukushimaDaiichiIncident

3.RadiologicalreleasesGRS.de~50kmaroundtheplantControlofCrop/DairyproductsUsageofIodinepills

(Caution,pillscaninterfere

withheartmedicine)擅疡南茁霍棺牡燃悼术祈庚羊惠可间牙镍出怯刃酉铱栈蔚醋膳软凋稗防梆福岛核电站泄露过程揭秘TheFukuchimaDaiichiIncidentTheFukushimaDaiichiIncident–Dr.MatthiasBraun-3/21/2026-p.29TheFukushimaDaiichiIncident

4.SpendfuelpoolsSpendfuelstoredinPoolonReactorservicefloorDuetomaintenanceinUnit4entirecorestoredinFuelpoolDry-outofthe