2026届高三英语二轮复习讲义：第2部分　阅读能力突破篇　专题1　阅读理解　类型2　体裁破解　第1讲　应用文

类型二体裁破解第1讲应用文应用文是一种非常贴近日常生活的文体，包括通知、广告、便条、申请书、个人简介、商品说明与介绍等，形式多样，用最少的篇幅传达最大量的信息。标题醒目，常用粗体字或各类题目符号使文章结构更加鲜明。人名、地名、专用名词较多，生词较多；缩略词、祈使句、省略句较多，结构不完整，目的是向读者传输大量信息。命题角度主要考查考生提取信息和处理信息的能力，既注重特定细节的筛选、类比、综合，又注重推理判断题的考查，题目设置相对容易。●辨明题类应用文阅读理解设题以细节题为主，因此，阅读这类文章时，应该在整体把握文章结构的前提下，重点注意细节信息，题干大多是相应原文的变形(如同义句改写，词性转换等)，要想找到答案就要找到题干在原文中的出处，再把原文和选项做比较。●技法点拨做应用文阅读理解题时，根据题干用寻读、跳读的方法可以达到事半功倍的效果。同时，在阅读时也要特别注意文中以粗体、大写、下划线等方式加以提示的文字，因为这很有可能是文章的核心或某一部分内容的概括。1．先题后文：先读题目，了解考点；明确目的，快速捕捉，获取信息。2．题干定向：据题干关键词找到原文答案所在的范围，按照题目顺序依次而下，问题与原文相同，对号入座，通过同义替换、归纳事实等方法确定答案。3．遇到生词，如无关答题，直接跳过；涉及答题，则根据语境、构词法等猜测词义。4．对于影响理解的省略句，可根据语境补全信息。●真题体验(2025·北京卷·阅读理解A)JoinusforTransForm,theinteractivesummercampthathelpsyouteensfindyourpassionbyparticipatinginvariousactivitiesandconnectingwithothers.ExperienceTransFormTransFormallowsyoutogettofocusonyourchosentrackthroughsubjectmattertalks,hands-onworkshops,andoff-siteexperiences.However,ifyouareunsurewhattrackyouwant,youstillgettoexploreanyworkshopyouwantaspartofourExploreWorkshops.Besides,yourparentswillalsobeabletoparticipateinworkshopsselectedjustforthemtolearnaboutcutting-edgescience.ScheduleofProgramming17JulyTimeActivities14：00－15：00LeadtoChangeKick-off15：00－16：30ProgrammeShowcase16：30－18：00TrackWorkshops18JulyTimeActivities9：30－11：00CareerFiresideChats13：00－14：15YouthPanel14：15－16：20TrackKeynotes19JulyTimeActivities8：00－12：00Off-siteExperiences13：00－15：00GalleryViewing15：15－16：45AdultWorkshops20JulyTimeActivities9：00－11：15ExploreWorkshops13：30－16：00KeynoteSpeech16：15－17：00CelebrationProgrammingTracks·AgriculturalScience：Introducingyoutoareassuchasbiology,urbanfarming,andenvironmentalsciencesothatyoucanexplorethefieldofagriculture·CommunityBooster：Guidingyoutodevelopinnovativesolutionsforreal-worldchallengesandcreatetransformativeprogresstobenefitallcommunities·HealthyLiving：Empoweringyoutomakehealthydecisionsinsuchareasasnutritionandemotionalwell-being,andleadhealthylifestyles·ScienceLab：Leadingyoutoexploretheskillsyouneedtosucceedinlifeinkeyareaslikecomputerscience,robotics,andphysics21．TransFormallowstheteensto.A．selectworkshopsfortheirparents B．preparetracktopicsforthecampC．designprogrammeactivities D．attendhands-onsessions22．Accordingtotheschedule,whichactivitycantheteensparticipatein?A．KeynoteSpeechon17July. B．YouthPanelon18July.C．Celebrationon19July. D．ProgrammeShowcaseon20July.23．WhatcantheteensdointheProgrammingTracks?A．Buildurbancommunities. B．Serveasguidesonafarm.C．Learnabouthealthyliving. D．Volunteerinasciencelab.【解题示范】第一步：速读全文，抓住主旨：文章介绍了青少年互动夏令营TransForm的相关信息，包括活动体验、日程安排以及课程方向等内容。第二步：细审题干，定位原文：第21小题：根据题干信息TransFormallowstheteens，定位ExperienceTransForm部分。第22小题：根据题干主要信息schedule，定位ScheduleofProgramming部分。第23小题：根据题干主要信息ProgrammingTracks，定位ProgrammingTracks部分。第三步：仔细对比选项和原文信息，继而找出答案。在文中找到信息区间后，再仔细对比各选项，确定答案。21．细节理解题。根据“ExperienceTransForm”部分“TransFormallowsyoutogettofocusonyourchosentrackthroughsubjectmattertalks,hands-onworkshops,andoff-siteexperiences.”可知，TransForm允许青少年参加实践课程。故选D。22．细节理解题。根据“ScheduleofProgramming”中的安排，18July的活动安排里有“13：00－14：15YouthPanel”，所以青少年可以在18日参加青少年小组讨论活动。故选B。23．细节理解题。根据“ProgrammingTracks”部分“HealthyLiving:Empoweringyoutomakehealthydecisionsinsuchareasasnutritionandemotionalwell-being,andleadhealthylifestyles”可知，青少年在ProgrammingTracks中可以学习关于健康生活的知识。故选C。A(2025·黑龙江省名校协作体高三一模)Doyouloveworkingwiththepublicandwantagreatworkenvironment？ApplytodaytojointheWakeCountyPublicLibraryteamasapart-timelibraryassistant.Workinyourcommunitytogivegreatcustomerserviceandshareyourloveofbooks,reading,andliteracy.WhatDoLibraryAssistantsDo?·Assistwithmakingcreativebookdisplays·Helpcustomerswithinformationalandreadingneeds·Assistlibrarymanagerwithlibraryoperationalduties·Assistlibrarianswithprogramset-upand/orprogramdelivery·Workonapublicservicedesktoanswerquestions,checkbooksout,andissuelibrarycardsTheBasics(RequiredEducationandExperience)·Associate'sdegree·NospecificexperiencerequiredBeyondtheBasics(PreferredEducationandExperience)·Customerserviceorbookstoreexperience·Publiclibraryexperienceworkingonaservicedesk·ExperienceworkingdirectlywithchildrenHowWillWeKnowYou're“TheOne”？·Beflexibleandadaptabletochange·Beenergeticandmotivated·Possessexcellentinterpersonalandcommunicationskills·Havegreattechnologyskillsandlearnnewtechnologiesquickly·Enjoyworkingwithpeopleandbegoodatprovidingcustomerservice·LovebooksandreadingandhavetheabilitytorecommendtitlesandauthorsScheduleWednesdayandThursday：4：15p.m.—9：15p.m.Friday：1：15p.m.—6：15p.m.Sunday：12：15p.m.—5：15p.m.1．Whatistheresponsibilityofapart-timelibraryassistant?A．Tocollectcustomers'information. B．Toassistonapublicservicedesk.C．Todocleaningworkinthelibrary. D．Tohelplibrarymanagersetupprograms.2．Whatisamustforapplicantstogetthepost?A．Havingrelatedexperience. B．Creatingabankaccount.C．Havinganassociate'sdegree. D．Beinggoodatmoderntechnology.3．Whenshouldanassistantbeworkinginthelibrary?A．Wednesday,3：15p.m. B．Sunday,1：15p.m.C．Thursday,10：15a.m. D．Monday,5：15p.m.【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了WakeCounty公共图书馆招聘兼职图书馆助理的岗位职责、基本要求、优选条件及工作时间安排。1．B细节理解题。根据WhatDoLibraryAssistantsDo？部分中的“Workonapublicservicedesktoanswerquestions,checkbooksout,andissuelibrarycards”可知，兼职图书馆助理的职责之一是在公共服务台协助工作。2．C细节理解题。根据TheBasics(RequiredEducationandExperience)部分中的“Associate'sdegree”可知，申请人获得该职位必须具备大专文凭。3．B细节理解题。根据Schedule部分中的“WednesdayandThursday：4：15p.m.—9：15p.m.;Friday：1：15p.m.—6：15p.m.;Sunday：12：15p.m.—5：15p.m.”可知，助理在周日下午1点15分是工作时间内的。B(2025·河南省创新发展联盟高三一模)TheGardnerMuseumisawonderfulandfamily-friendlyplacetovisit.Thefollowingissomeinformationyoushouldknowbeforeyougo.AdmissionPricesAdults：$20Seniors(65andup)：$18Students：$13Children(5andunder)：Free·Anyoneof5andunderreceivesfreegeneraladmissionyear-round;everydaywe'reopen.We'veofferedthisprogramfordecades,ourrecordsindicatingthatBostonPublicSchools(BPS)studentswerefirstofferedfreeadmissionin1935.·ThinkingThroughArt(TTA)：TheGardnerMuseum'sTTAprogramisapartnershipwith34BPS,whichincludesfreegeneraladmissionforstudentsandteachers,subsidized(受补助的)bustransportation,andfreefamilypassesforTTAstudents.·FreeFirstThursdays：After3p.m.,thefirstThursdayofeachmonth,theGardnerMuseumisfreeforalltoenjoy.WhatCanISeeAndDoDuringMyVisit?TheMuseumcreateditsinstallationstocallupanemotionalresponseinvisitors.That'swhy,unlikeotherinstitutions,therearen'tconventionallabelsinthismuseum.Itwantsyoutofindyourownmeanings.Tolearnmoreaboutthecollection,youcanuseourdigitalguidesandmapsonyourphoneormobiledevice.WhatCanIBringWithMe?·Yourownheadphonestolistentoouraudioguidesonyoursmartphone·Bagssmallerthan12in.×12in.WhatCan'tIBringWithMe?·Outsidefoodand/ordrink·Bags,backpacks,andluggagelargerthan12in.×12in.4．HowmuchshouldaTTAstudentpaytovisittheGardnerMuseumwithhisparents?A．$20. B．$49.C．$53. D．Free.5．WhatmakestheGardnerMuseumdifferentfromothers?A．Itisalldigitallycontrolled. B．Traditionallabelsareabsentthere.C．Itoffersvisitorshands-onexperiences. D．Interactionisencouragedamongvisitors.6．WhatcanweknowabouttheGardnerMuseum?A．Itwasestablishedin1935. B．Itgetsfinancialsupportfrom34BPS.C．Itprovidesdigitalguidestovisitors. D．Itdoesn'tallowvisitorstobringbags.【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了加德纳博物馆的参观注意事项。4．D细节理解题。根据AdmissionPrices部分中“ThinkingThroughArt(TTA)：TheGardnerMuseum'sTTAprogramisapartnershipwith34BPS,whichincludesfreegeneraladmissionforstudentsandteachers,subsidized(受补助的)bustransportation,andfreefamilypassesforTTAstudents.”可知，TTA学生和父母一起参观加德纳博物馆免费。5．B细节理解题。根据WhatCanISeeAndDoDuringMyVisit？部分中“That'swhy,unlikeotherinstitutions,therearen'tconventionallabelsinthismuseum.”可知，加德纳博物馆与其他博物馆的区别是没有传统的标签。6．C细节理解题。根据WhatCanISeeAndDoDuringMyVisit？部分中“Tolearnmoreaboutthecollection,youcanuseourdigitalguidesandmapsonyourphoneormobiledevice.”可知，加德纳博物馆为游客提供数字指南。C(2025·浙江省稽阳联谊学校高三二模)Fromforgottenbeaches,ancientcastlestosoaringdesertdunes(沙丘),Moroccoboaststhebestlocationsforhiking,surfing,swimmingandsleepingunderthestars.Anti-AtlasMountainsExtendingfromtheAtlanticcoasttotheedgeoftheSaharaandwithahugevarietyofterrain,theAnti-AtlasMountainscaterforeventhemostindecisivetraveller.Aboveall,Anti-Atlasisagadircountry(thewordmeanswall)．Thelandscapeisdottedwiththeseremarkablewalls.Builtfromstoneandclay,theyweretypicallysetonhilltopsorcliffstoprovideprotectionfromattack.TheMediterraneancoastUnlikeMorocco'sAtlanticcoast,thecountry'sMediterraneancoastlineisalesswell-knowndestination.Ofallthebeachesinthisarea,PlageIhttpyenisthebest.HiddenfromviewbehindtwoenormousredcliffseastofPortSidiHsain,andaccessibleonlybyasteeprockypath,it'sanincrediblepeacefulandpicturesquespot,withcrystallinewaveslappingagainstthepebbleshoreandcuriousrockformationsrisingfromthewaves.AgadirFoundedinthe16thcenturybythePortuguese,Agadirquicklybecameaboomingtradingpost,growingrichontheprofitsofsugarandspices.In1960,anearthquakedestroyedmostofthecityandpavedthewayforitsrebirthasatouristresort.Thisistheplaceifyou'reseekingsun,sandandsurf;thecoastlinearoundAgadiristheheartlandofMorocco'ssurfsceneandyoudon'thavetolookfartodiscoverquietersurfingbeaches.MerzougaLocatedattheedgeoftheSahara'sshiftingsands,Merzougahasbecomeoneofthemaindesertcentersfortravellers.Thedrivethereinvolvesadramaticjourneyoverhighmountainsandremoterivervalleys,apanorama(全景)outshoneonlybytheviewattheendoftheroad：thesoaringdunesofErgChebbistandinmagnificenceonthehorizon.Climbtothetopofthe150-metre-highdunesafterthewinterrainsandyoucangazedownontoMerzougaLake,awateringholefrequentedbyacolonyofflamingos(火烈鸟)andoccasionalcamelherders.7．WhatdoweknowabouttheAnti-AtlasMountains?A．Theyserveasatradecenter. B．TheyoverlooktheArcticOcean.C．Theyfeaturedefensivestructures. D．Theyattractdesertenthusiasts.8．WhatdoAgadirandMerzougahaveincommon?A．Peacefulcoastlineviews. B．Uniqueanimalexperiences.C．Beautifulnaturalscenery. D．Magnificentdesertdunes.9．Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A．Atravelmagazine. B．Amarinestudy.C．Ahistoricalrecord. D．Ageographytextbook.【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了摩洛哥一些适合徒步旅行、冲浪、游泳和露营的地方，包括阿特拉斯山脉、地中海海岸、阿加迪尔和梅尔祖卡等地的特色景观。7．C细节理解题。根据Anti-AtlasMountains部分中“Aboveall,Anti-Atlasisagadircountry(thewordmeanswall)．Thelandscapeisdottedwiththeseremarkablewalls.Builtfromstoneandclay,theyweretypicallysetonhilltopsorcliffstoprovideprotectionfromattack.”可知，阿特拉斯山脉有很多用石头和黏土建造的墙，这些墙通常建在山顶或悬崖上以抵御攻击，具有防御功能。8．C细节理解题。根据Agadir部分中“Thisistheplaceifyou'reseekingsun,sandandsurf;thecoastlinearoundAgadiristheheartlandofMorocco'ssurfsceneandyoudon'thavetolookfartodiscoverquietersurfingbeaches.”可知，阿加迪尔有美丽的阳光、沙滩和海浪；根据Merzouga部分中“Thedrivethereinvolvesadramaticjourneyoverhighmountainsandremoterivervalleys,apanorama(全景)outshoneonlybytheviewattheendoftheroad：thesoaringdunesofErgChebbistandinmagnificenceonthehorizon.Climbtothetopofthe150-metre-highdunesafterthewinterrainsandyoucangazedownontoMerzougaLake,awateringholefrequentedbyacolonyofflamingos(火烈鸟)andoccasionalcamelherders.”可知，梅尔祖卡有壮观的沙丘、美丽的湖泊等自然景观。所以二者的共同之处是都有美丽的自然风光。9．A语篇出处题。根据文章大意以及第一段“Fromforgottenbeaches,ancientcastlestosoaringdesertdunes(沙丘),Moroccoboaststhebestlocationsforhiking,surfing,swimmingandsleepingunderthestars.”可知，文章主要介绍了摩洛哥一些适合徒步旅行、冲浪、游泳和露营的地方，由此可推断文章最有可能来自旅游杂志。D(2025·辽宁省名校联盟高三一模)ElbowSupport·MaintienCoudeP500SizeElbowcircumferenceRecommendation019－21.4cmKidsaged6－14121.5－23.9cmAdultfemales224－26.9cmAdultmales327－30cmPlus-sizepeopleContainingoneflexibleelbowsupport：—Thisproductisintendedforuseduringexerciseorsport.Technicalcharacteristicsoftheproduct：—Elastically(有弹性地)compressedknit.—Naturallycurvedshape.—Wornontherightorleftelbow.Notesforuse：Donotusetheproductindirectcontactwithdamagedskin.Donotuseifyouhavecirculatoryproblems.Donotuseincontactwithgreasysubstan