2026届高三英语二轮复习讲义：第2部分　阅读能力突破篇　专题1　阅读理解　类型2　体裁破解　第2讲　记叙文(夹叙夹议文)

第2讲记叙文(夹叙夹议文)记叙文是一种以写人记事、写景状物为主要内容，以叙述和描写为表达方式的文章。记叙文是一个相对独立、完整的语篇，包括记叙文的各个要素，即时间、地点、人物和事情的起因、经过、结果等，采取顺叙、倒叙、插叙等手法，以一般过去时为主，其他时态为辅，合理使用丰富多彩的谓语动词时态是记叙文的语言特征；夹叙夹议文是叙述和议论相结合的文章，一般在文章结尾处出现作者的所感所想。●辨明题类记叙文阅读理解的设题主要是细节理解题和推理判断题，因此，阅读这类文章时，应该在整体把握文章结构的前提下，要依据文章的顺序和故事的发展以及逻辑关系，弄清文章的发展脉络，还要根据人物处境的描写、议论时所用词语来准确把握人物的情感与态度，特别要留意描写和议论时所用的形容词和副词。●技法点拨1．弄清六要素：何人、何时、何地，因何原因做了何事，结果如何，有何启示或感想。2．弄清写作目的：证明一个观点、赞美某种美德、谴责某种罪恶还是提供娱乐。3．关注开头和结尾：把握事情的发展动向，尾段经常是主题的升华所在。4．关注情感主线：分析事情的发展脉络，弄清人物之间的关系，透析文章的情感主线。●真题体验(2025·北京卷·阅读理解B)ThroughoutourJunioryear,myclassmatesandIhavebeenworriedaboutwhatcollegeswillseewhentheylookatourwholelifestoryreducedtoasingle200-wordessay.Willthegoldenword“success”formintheirmindswhentheyreviewourachievements？Orwilltheyseethebigword“fail”inred？Theshadowofthismysterious(神秘的)institutionstealsawaywhatsuccessmeanstous.Myfirststepofredefiningsuccessbeganwithcourseregistrations.Itisawell-knownfact,especiallyinmyschool,thatJunioryearisthetimeofpackingmanyAPclassesintotheschedule.WhenaskedwhytheychosesomanyAPclasses,myfriendsresponded：“Idon'tknow.”Theythemselvesdon'tknowwhytheyarefollowingthecrowdandlongingforthepressuresofacademicdifficulty.Therefore,theydonotfeelthesatisfactionofbeingacademicallychallenged.CompletingmanycoursesnolongerbringsoutthefeelingofsuccessbecausemorethanfourAPclassesperyearisanormsetbytopuniversities.Determinedtofollowmyinstincts(本能)onwhatIfeltsuccessmeans,IonlychosetwoclassesthatIknewIwouldenjoy.ThefeelingofsuccesswasnolongerattachedtowhatgradeIreceivedbuttothepurejoyoflearning.Evenmyfailuresareattachedtoafeelingofsuccess;afterItakeastepbackandlookatthebigpicture,Iseethemasalaunchingpad(平台)formynextbigachievement.Intheninthgrade,Iwentinformyfirstgroupinterviewforaleadershippositionasashygirl.Notstandingachanceagainstcompetitiveapplicants,Icameoutoftheinterviewwithanupsetlook.Nevertheless,thisinterviewwasn'tawastedopportunity.Italkedtooneoftheseniorapplicantswhoansweredquestionsinawaythatreflectedthefaithshehadinherself.Thisyear,withanopenmindandnewknowledgeinmind,IwalkedintoanothergroupinterviewwhiletellingmyselfIwasthatcoolsenior.Imanagedtosecurealeadershipposition.Ultimately,successcamelittlebylittle.24．ThroughouttheJunioryear,whatwastheauthor'smajorconcern?A．PressurefromchoosingAPclasses. B．Performanceingroupinterviews.C．Competitionwithseniors. D．Recognitionbycolleges.25．TheauthorchosefewerAPclassesbecauseof.A．herownunderstandingofsuccess B．herdesireforacademicchallengesC．herstrongurgetofollowthecrowd D．herdreamofenteringatopuniversity26．Whichwouldbestdescribetheauthor'sfirstgroupinterview?A．Dignifying. B．Rewarding.C．Engaging. D．Relaxing.27．Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A．Everyoneisthemakeroftheirownsuccess. B．Successfavoursthosewithagoldenheart.C．Successknocksatyourdooronlyonce. D．Acollegeholdsthekeytosuccess.【解题示范】第一步：浏览全文，把握主旨大意：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者在高三时对大学申请和成功定义的反思，不再盲目追随他人选择大量AP课程，而是基于个人兴趣选课，并从失败的小组面试中学习，通过自我调整最终获得领导职位。第二步：细审题干，定位原文：第24小题：根据题干信息Junioryear和majorconcern，定位到文章的第一段。第25小题：根据题干主要信息chosefewerAPclasses，定位到文章的第三段。第26小题：根据题干主要信息firstgroupinterview，定位到文章的第四段。第27小题：根据题干主要信息learnfromthispassage，就需要对全文进行综合判断。第三步：仔细对比选项和原文信息，继而找出答案。在文中找到信息区间后，再仔细对比各选项，确定答案。24．推理判断题。根据第一段中“ThroughoutourJunioryear,myclassmatesandIhavebeenworriedaboutwhatcollegeswillseewhentheylookatourwholelifestoryreducedtoasingle200-wordessay.Willthegoldenword‘success’formintheirmindswhentheyreviewourachievements？Orwilltheyseethebigword‘fail’inred？”可知，作者在高三年级主要担心的是大学对他们的认可。故选D。25．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Determinedtofollowmyinstincts(本能)onwhatIfeltsuccessmeans,IonlychosetwoclassesthatIknewIwouldenjoy.”可知，作者选择较少的AP课程是因为她自己对成功的理解。故选A。26．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Nevertheless,thisinterviewwasn'tawastedopportunity.Italkedtooneoftheseniorapplicantswhoansweredquestionsinawaythatreflectedthefaithshehadinherself.”以及最后一段中“Thisyear,withanopenmindandnewknowledgeinmind,IwalkedintoanothergroupinterviewwhiletellingmyselfIwasthatcoolsenior.Imanagedtosecurealeadershipposition.Ultimately,successcamelittlebylittle.”可知，作者认为第一次面试是有收获的，因为它让作者从中学到了东西，并影响了她后来的面试表现。故选B。27．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第三段中“Determinedtofollowmyinstincts(本能)onwhatIfeltsuccessmeans,IonlychosetwoclassesthatIknewIwouldenjoy.”以及最后一段“Thisyear,withanopenmindandnewknowledgeinmind,IwalkedintoanothergroupinterviewwhiletellingmyselfIwasthatcoolsenior.Imanagedtosecurealeadershipposition.Ultimately,successcamelittlebylittle.”可知，作者通过自己的经历表明，成功并非由大学或外界标准定义，而是源于自我认知与努力。“Everyoneisthemakeroftheirownsuccess.”符合题意。故选A。A(2025·高三八省联考)JaneJacobsspentherworkinglifeadvancingadistinctvisionofthecity—inparticularfocusingonwhatmakesasuccessfulurbancommunity.Attheheartofhervisionistheideathaturbanlifeshouldbeanenergeticandrichaffair,wherebypeopleareabletointeractwithoneanotherindense(稠密)andexcitingurbanenvironments.Sheprefersdisordertoorder,walkingtodriving,anddiversitytouniformity.ForJacobs,urbancommunitiesareorganicbeingsthatshouldbelefttogrowandchangebythemselvesandnotbesubjecttothegrandplansofso-calledexpertsandofficials.Thebestjudgesofhowacityshouldbe—andhowitshoulddevelop—arethelocalresidentsthemselves.Jacobsarguesthaturbancommunitiesarebestplacedtounderstandhowtheircityfunctions,becausecitylifeiscreatedandsustainedthroughtheirvariousinteractions.Jacobsnotesthatthebuiltformofacityiscrucialtothelifeofanurbancommunity,especiallythesidewalks.Thestreetsinwhichpeopleliveshouldbeatightpatternofcrossedsidewalks,whichallowpeopletomeet,talk,andgettoknowoneanother.Suchacomplexbutultimatelyenrichingsetofencountershelpsindividualsknowtheirneighboursandneighbourhoodbetter.Diversityandmixed-useofspacearealso,forJacobs,keyelementsofthisurbanform.Thecommercial,business,andresidentialelementsofacityshouldnotbeseparatedoutbutinsteadbesidebyside,toallowforgreaterintegrationofpeople.Thereshouldalsobeadiversityofoldandnewbuildings,andpeople'sinteractionsshoulddeterminehowbuildingsgetusedandreused.Finally,urbancommunitiesgrowbetterinplaceswhereacriticalmassofpeoplelive,work,andinteract.Suchhigh-densityspacesare,shefeels,enginesofcreativityandvitality.Theyarealsosafeplacestobe,becausethehigherdensitymeansthattherearemore“eyesonthestreet”：shopkeepersandlocalswhoknowtheirareaandmaintainaclosewatchovertheneighbourhood.1．WhatdoesJacobsfindmostimportantforasuccessfulurbancommunity?A．Efficientpublictransport. B．Stronginteractionbetweenpeople.C．Uniformstyleofbuildings. D．Acomparativelylargepopulation.2．WhodoesJacobsthinkshouldmakedecisionsonurbandevelopment?A．Localresidents. B．Governmentofficials.C．Cityplanners. D．Constructionworkers.3．HowdoesJacobssuggestsidewalksbebuilt?A．Linedwithplants. B．Paintedwithclearsigns.C．Tightlyconnected. D．Convenientfortheold.4．AccordingtoJacobs,the“eyesonthestreet”bringasenseof.A．pride B．comfortC．security D．urgency【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要介绍了Jacobs一生致力于推进一种独特的城市愿景，尤其关注是什么造就了一个成功的城市社区。1．B细节理解题。根据第一段中“Attheheartofhervisionistheideathaturbanlifeshouldbeanenergeticandrichaffair,wherebypeopleareabletointeractwithoneanotherindense(稠密)andexcitingurbanenvironments.”可知，Jacobs认为对于一个成功的城市社区来说，人与人之间的强烈互动是最重要的。2．A细节理解题。根据第二段中“Thebestjudgesofhowacityshouldbe—andhowitshoulddevelop—arethelocalresidentsthemselves.”可知，Jacobs认为对城市发展做出决定的应该是当地居民。3．C细节理解题。根据第三段中“Thestreetsinwhichpeopleliveshouldbeatightpatternofcrossedsidewalks,whichallowpeopletomeet,talk,andgettoknowoneanother.Suchacomplexbutultimatelyenrichingsetofencountershelpsindividualsknowtheirneighboursandneighbourhoodbetter.”可知，Jacobs建议修建连接紧密的人行道。4．C推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Theyarealsosafeplacestobe,becausethehigherdensitymeansthattherearemore‘eyesonthestreet’：shopkeepersandlocalswhoknowtheirareaandmaintainaclosewatchovertheneighbourhood.”可知，Jacobs认为，“街头的眼睛”给人带来一种安全的感觉。B(2025·安徽省马鞍山高三一模)MiguelAngelGallo,borninBarcelonain1933,hasalwayshadapassionforart.However,withlimitedfinancialresourcesand13childrentofeedandeducate,becominganartistwasnotapracticaloptionforhimatthetime.Andabout10yearsago,Gallo'swifewasdiagnosed(诊断)withAlzheimer'sdisease,andherconditionworsenedtothepointthatshehadtomoveintoacarehome.ThischallengingperiodmarkedthebeginningofGallo'sartisticjourney,whenhewasalready83yearsold.GalloinitiallystudiedmechanicalengineeringinBarcelonaandlaterworkedforacompanyinZaragoza.In1966,hepursuedmanagementstudiesatIESEBusinessSchoolinBarcelona,andby1968,hehadbecomeanassociateprofessorthere.Withhisacademicbackground,Gallowasdeterminedtostudyatarespectedinstitution.However,whenheappliedtostudyartinBarcelona,hewasencouragedtopursuearthistoryinstead.Hewasfirm,replying,“No,Iwanttopaint.”Thecoursewasinitiallysetforfouryears,butduetotheneedtobalanceitwithhisfamilycommitments,ittookGallosevenyearstocompleteit.Hegraduatedattheageof90.GalloadmiresFranciscodeZurbaránforhismasterfuluseofwhite,andJoaquínSorollaforhisskillfuluseoflight.Reflectingonhisartisticjourney,henoted,“Studyingarthasstrengthenedmybeliefthatthetrulygreatthingsinlifearegoodness,truth,andbeauty.Idon'tmindmakingmoney,butincreasingly,thoseotherthingsmattermosttome.”SomeofGallo'sworkswerefeaturedinanexhibitioninGraus,asmallvillageinthePyrenees,wheretheyweredisplayedforsixmonths.Gallohumblyacknowledged,“Aftercompletingmydegree,wouldIcallmyselfanartist？Idon'tknow,butatleastnowIhaveapieceofpaperthatsaysIam.”5．WhatcanbelearntaboutGallofromparagraphs1and2?A．Heprioritizedhisfamilyoverhisinterest. B．Hebecameaprofessorinhis20s.C．Hehadanaturaltalentfordoingbusiness. D．Helivedwithpoorhealthforlong.6．WhathappenedtoGallowhenheappliedtostudyartinBarcelona?A．Hewasrequiredtostudylonger. B．Hewasnotadvisedtopaint.C．Hewasintroducedtootherinstitutes. D．Hewasnotallowedtogetadegree.7．HowhasstudyingartaffectedGallo?A．Hehasreflectedonhishealthcondition. B．Hehasbecomemuchhumbler.C．Hehasreinterpretedthemeaningofwealth. D．Hehasdevelopedtruefriendships.8．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．MiguelAngelGallo：AnArtGenius. B．MiguelAngelGallo：ALateStarttoArt.C．AnArtExhibitionofMiguelÁngelGallo. D．ArtisticPrinciplesSetbyMiguelÁngelGallo.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了米格尔·安赫尔·加洛一直对艺术充满热情，大约10年前，加洛的妻子被诊断出患有阿尔茨海默病，她的病情恶化到不得不搬进护理院的地步。这段充满挑战的时期标志着加洛艺术之旅的开始，当时他已经83岁了。5．A细节理解题。根据第一段中“However,withlimitedfinancialresourcesand13childrentofeedandeducate,becominganartistwasnotapracticaloptionforhimatthetime.”可知，由于经济资源有限且要养育和教育13个孩子，成为艺术家对他来说不是一个现实的选择，说明他把家庭放在了兴趣之前。6．B细节理解题。根据第三段中“However,whenheappliedtostudyartinBarcelona,hewasencouragedtopursuearthistoryinstead.Hewasfirm,replying,‘No,Iwanttopaint.’”可知，当他申请在巴塞罗那学习艺术时，别人鼓励他学习艺术史而不是绘画，即他不被建议画画。7．C推理判断题。根据第四段中“Reflectingonhisartisticjourney,henoted,‘Studyingarthasstrengthenedmybeliefthatthetrulygreatthingsinlifearegoodness,truth,andbeauty.Idon'tmindmakingmoney,butincreasingly,thoseotherthingsmattermosttome.’”可知，学习艺术让他更加坚信生活中真正伟大的东西是善良、真理和美丽，他不介意赚钱，但越来越觉得这些其他的东西对他来说才是最重要的，说明他重新诠释了财富的意义，不再只看重金钱。8．B标题归纳题。根据文章大意以及第一段中“ThischallengingperiodmarkedthebeginningofGallo'sartisticjourney,whenhewasalready83yearsold.”和第三段中“Thecoursewasinitiallysetforfouryears,butduetotheneedtobalanceitwithhisfamilycommitments,ittookGallosevenyearstocompleteit.Hegraduatedattheageof90.”可知，文章主要讲述了米格尔·安赫尔·加洛虽然一直热爱艺术，但由于家庭原因直到83岁才开始他的艺术之旅，经过努力在90岁时完成艺术课程毕业，所以“MiguelAngelGallo：ALateStarttoArt”作为标题最合适。C(2025·江西省重点中学盟校高三一模)Incollege,Iusuallyanticipatedicebreakergamesatthestartofsomeclasses.Wewouldintroduceourselves.Itwasfuntoseethelookofsurpriseoneveryone'sfacewhenIsaidIwasachemicalengineeringmajorincreativewritingseminarswheremostwereEnglishorcomparativeliteraturemajors.Asciencemajor？Inthisbuilding？Ishelost?TheirsurprisewouldusuallyfadeoncethesemesterbeganandtheylearnedthatIwasn'tverygood.Butitdidn'tmatter;Ilovedthewritingclasses.Ididn'tmuchcare—howandwhethermyclasseswouldimpactmycareer.Ilikedscienceandwriting,somaybeI'dcombinethem,ormaybenot.ButIknowmyexperienceisnotexactlytypicalforscientists.I'msuresomestudentslovesciencesointensely,orexcelatitsomuch,thattheyhavenointerestinnon-scienceclasses.Andsciencestudentsmayfindtheworkloadsohighthatpursuingoutsideacademicinterestsisimpractical.ButIhavethisfearthatsomesciencestudentsavoidbranchingout,notbecausetheydon'twantto,butbecausetheybelievethey'renotsupposedto.Theyseetheirpeerskeepingtheirheadsdown,onlyfocusedonscience,science,science,andtheydon'twanttobethefreaks(怪人)whoadmitlovingtheiroptionalmedievalhistoryseminar.I'veseenthistraitinthestudentsItaught.Incollege,althoughmydepartmentheadletmetakewritingclasses,otherprofessorsdidn'tsharethesameopen-mindedness.IsometimesdoubtedwhetheritwaswhatIwassupposedtodo.Thescience,we'retold,eitherexplicitlyorimplicitly,istheimportantpart.Theothersubjectsareeitherrequirementstobearordistractionstogiveuphalfway.Agoodgradeinorganicchemistry？Amazing！You'regoingplaces！Agoodgradeinapoetryseminar？Well...Youcanbeascientistanddootherthings,too—andthetimewhenyou'reenrolledinschoolisaperfectopportunity.Incollege,somanyoptionsforclasses！Yousuddenlytransitionfromalifewhereit'spresumedthatyouhaveknownenoughtolivetoonewithadiversityofchoices.Sogoahead,addaclass,addahobby.Bewell-rounded—yes,thatwell-rounded.9．Whydidtheauthor,asciencestudent,choosethewritingseminar?A．Toplayascientificgame. B．Toinvestigatethebrainfunction.C．Tosatisfyhispersonalpursuit. D．Toseekanopportunitytojumpship.10．Whatcharacteristicdoestheauthorfindinsomeofhisstudents?A．Focusingondoingbetteratmedievalhistory. B．Escapingexpandingtheirfieldsoutofpeerpressure.C．Developingouterpotentialacademicinterests. D．Showingnopassionfornon-scienceclassesnaturally.11．WhatcanweinferfromParagraph5?A．Scientistsareopen-mindedinacademicstudy. B．Everysubjectmakesforyourachievements.C．Allthesubjectsarenotattachedgreatimportanceto. D．Self-doubtisthecauseofpoorgrades.12．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．ToBecomeaWell-RoundedScientist B．ToFosteraHobbyinCollegeC．ToAuthorforScience D．ToSpecializeinScienceinCollege【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要探讨了一些理科生因各种原因避免涉猎其他学科，呼吁理科生抓住在校机会，丰富自我，全面发展。9．C细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Butitdidn'tmatter;Ilovedthewritingclasses.Ididn'tmuchcare—howandwhethermyclasseswouldimpactmycareer.Ilikedscienceandwriting,somaybeI'dcombinethem,ormaybenot.”可知，作者作为一名科学专业的学生，选择参加写作研讨会是为了满足个人追求，而不是为了玩科学游戏、调查大脑功能或寻找跳槽的机会。10．B细节理解题。根据第四段中的“ButIhavethisfearthatsomesciencestudentsavoidbranchingout,notbecausetheydon'twantto,butbecausetheybelievethey'renotsupposedto.Theyseetheirpeerskeepingtheirheadsdown,onlyfocusedonscience,science,science,andtheydon'twanttobethefreaks(怪人)whoadmitlovingtheiroptionalmedievalhistoryseminar.”可知，作者发现一些学生因为同伴压力而避免拓展自己的兴趣领域。11．C推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Thescience,we'retold,eitherexplicitlyorimplicitly,istheimportantpart.Theothersubjectsareeitherrequirementstobearordistractionstogiveuphalfway.Agoodgradeinorganicchemistry？Amazing！You'regoingplaces！Agoodgradeinapoetryseminar？Well...”可知，科学是重要的一部分，而其他科目是勉为其难必须要上的科目或者半途而废的令人分心的科目。由此可推知，并非所有学科都被重视。12．A标题归纳题。根据最后一段“Sogoahead,addaclass,addahobby.Bewell-rounded—yes,thatwell-rounded.”以及通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了作者鼓励科学专业的学生在大学期间尝试不同的课程和爱好，以成为一个全面发展的人。因此，A选项“ToBecomeaWell-RoundedScientist”符合题意。D(2025·湖北省武汉市高三二模)Thesedays,IhavebeengatheringcontributionsforClassNotesfrommyclassmatesattheBrearleySchool.Sevencontributionshavecomein.Theyarelongorshort,emotionalormatter-of-fact,andnowmyjobwillbetocutandselect,rephraseandquote,andcountwordsfromeachcontributor—ourentirecollectionwillhavetoadduptonomorethansixhundredandfiftywords.Thetoughpartistryingtogivemoreorlessequalspacetoeachoftheselifeaccounts,sincesomeofustendtorelateincidentsingreatdetailwhileothersaretight-lipped.Ifnineofusaltogether,includingme,contributenotes,theneachnoteisallowedalittleoverseventywords.Ifanothercontributioncomesinatthelastminute,weallgodowntoaboutsixty-five.DoIcutoutthetriptoCostaRica,orthevisittothenephewinNewJersey？Therecentgrandchild,brokenleg,orScrabble(拼字游戏)competition?WhydidIdecideIwouldnotmindbeingaclass-notesagent？IsupposeIpursueanypieceofwritingfortwomainreasons.First,Ilikethechallengeoftryinganewform.Inthiscase