2026届高三英语二轮复习讲义：第3部分　语言运用精准篇　专题2　语法填空　考法1　有提示词类　第2讲　提示词为名词、代词、形容词、副词或数词

第2讲提示词为名词、代词、形容词、副词或数词名词单复数、所有格和派生●辨明题类所给提示词是名词时，通常考查可数名词的单数变复数，名词所有格或者名词派生为形容词、副词或动词。●技法点拨1．若提示词是可数名词单数，分析句子成分后发现词性不需要改变，此时应考虑填名词的复数。若有以下情况考虑名词复数：①有数词或these，those，several，many，all，both，various，numerous等词修饰时用名词复数形式。②名词前有oneof时用名词复数形式。③若谓语动词是复数形式，且空处作主语，则空处应填名词复数形式。(2025·广东省茂名市高三一模)Manyofthe(patient),includingalotofyoungpeople,werecomingforsanfutie(三伏贴)．【答案】patients【解析】考查名词的数。patient为可数名词，前有many，应用复数形式。2．提示词与其后的名词是所属关系，应考虑名词的所有格。(2025·河南省五市联考高三一模)SoajourneytoSuzhouisn'tjustaphysicaltrip,anditalsobenefitsa(person)heartandsoul.【答案】person's【解析】考查名词所有格。空处为名词的所有格形式，意为“一个人的”。3．分析句子结构，发现需要改变词性，则考虑派生成形容词、副词或者动词。(2025·黑龙江省示范性高中专业委员会高三一模)OnceanordinarypawnshopemployeeintheUS,in2022,Kaleencounteredarather(mystery)customerbringingaweatheredalbumtotheshop.【答案】mysterious【解析】考查形容词。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词customer，mystery的形容词形式是mysterious，意为“神秘的”。●真题体验1．(2025·北京卷)It's(peace),especiallyaroundsunset.【答案】peaceful【解析】考查形容词。is后接形容词作表语，peace的形容词形式是peaceful，意为“宁静的”。2．(2025·全国Ⅱ卷)Yetnow,IliveinthecountrysideofZhejiang,ChinawithmyChinesehusbandandhisfamily,wherebambooandteabushes(灌木)growwildinthemountains,chickensarealwaysfree-range,and(center)heatingdoesn'texist.【答案】central【解析】考查形容词。本空修饰名词heating，应用形容词central“中央的，中心的”，作定语。3．(2025·全国Ⅱ卷)Thesun-driedclothessmellespeciallypleasantwhereIlive,thankstotheabsence(absent)ofsmogandplentyofbluesky(afternoon)withlotsoffreshair.【答案】afternoons【解析】考查名词的数。afternoon是可数名词，此处指不止一个下午，应用复数形式。4．(2025·全国Ⅰ卷)Tusaysthatthebalancebetweentheblackandwhitepieces,thebeautyinthe(strategy)placementofthepieces,andtheenergyflowfollowingeachmoveinspiredartiststocreateoilpaintings,sculptures,digitally(digital)generatedpicturesandsilk-screenprintsfortheexhibition.【答案】strategic/strategical【解析】考查形容词。句意：屠宁宁说，黑白棋子之间的平衡，棋子在策略布局上的美感，以及每一步棋所蕴含的能量流动，都激发了艺术家们为展览创作油画、雕塑、数字生成的图片和丝网版画。此处修饰名词placement，需用形容词strategic或者strategical“战略性的，策略的”，作定语。5．(2025·浙江1月卷)Aspeoplenowchoosetowearmoreclothesfewer(time),clothingrentalserviceshavebecomeincreasinglypopular.【答案】times【解析】考查名词。句意：由于人们现在选择少穿的衣服更多了，服装租赁服务越来越受欢迎。time表示“次数”时是可数名词，fewer修饰可数名词复数形式。6．(2025·浙江1月卷)“Ireallywanttomakethisworkfor(people)livestoday,andIknowthatdoesn'talwaysmeanreturning(return)adressontheMondayafteraspecialweekend，”shesays.【答案】people's【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：我真的想让这个(服装租赁服务)适合如今人们的生活，我知道这并不总是意味着在一个特别的周末后的周一归还礼服。提示词修饰名词lives，需用名词所有格，作定语。7．(2024·全国甲卷)Theyare(treasure)ofAmericanheritage(遗产)．【答案】treasures【解析】考查名词的数。treasure表示“宝藏”，为可数名词，结合前文theyare，应用复数形式。8．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Althoughtheycouldneverhavemet,therearecommon(theme)intheirworks,saidPaulEdmondson,headofresearchfortheShakespeareBirthplaceTrust.【答案】themes【解析】考查名词的数。本句为therebe句型，为倒装句，根据谓语动词are可判断，本句主语为名词的复数形式。9．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)TheseplantsincludedmodernWestern(favourite)suchasrosemary,lavenderandfennel.【答案】favourites【解析】考查名词的数。favourite是可数名词，意为“特别受喜爱的东西”，根据空后“suchasrosemary,lavenderandfennel”可知，空处应用名词的复数形式。10．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Thelatestengineering(engineer)techniquesareappliedtocreatethisprotective(function)structurethatisalsobeautiful.【答案】functional【解析】考查形容词。空处修饰名词structure，应用形容词作定语。11．(2023·全国甲卷)(difference)fromtraditionalfables,Carson'sstoryendswithanaccusationinsteadofamoral.【答案】Different【解析】考查形容词。bedifferentfrom...“与……不同”，所以用形容词作状语。12．(2023·全国乙卷)Butforallitsancientbuildings,Beijingisalsoaplacewhich/thatwelcomesthefast-paceddevelopmentofmodernlife,with21st-centuryarchitectural(wonder)standingsidebysidewithhistoricalbuildingsofthepast.【答案】wonders【解析】考查名词的数。根据“historicalbuildingsofthepast”可知，空处为名词的复数形式。13．(2023·全国乙卷)The(remark)developmentofthiscity,whichisconsciouslydesignedtoprotectthepastwhilesteppingintothemodernworld,means(mean)thereisalwayssomethingnewtodiscoverhere,andIcouldbephotographingBeijingforthenext50years.【答案】remarkable【解析】考查形容词。空处为形容词修饰“developmentofthiscity”。14．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Xiaolongbao(soupdumplings),thoseamazingconstructionsofdelicatedumplingwrappers,encasinghot,(taste)soupandsweet,freshmeat,arefarandawaymyfavoriteChinesestreetfood.【答案】tasty【解析】考查形容词。修饰后面的名词soup，需用形容词tasty“美味的”作定语。15．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)SinceJune2017,rightbeforethearrival(arrive)ofthetwonewpandas,MengMengandJiaoQing,Ihavebeenhelpingthepandakeepersatthezootofeelmorecomfortableand(confidence)speakingEnglish.【答案】confident【解析】考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处和前文的comfortable并列，作并列表语，应用形容词形式。16．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Theyalsoneedtobereadytogive(interview)inEnglishwithinternationaljournalists.【答案】interviews【解析】考查名词的数。空前是动词，所以空处应用名词形式作宾语，interview意为“采访”为可数名词，不止一段采访，应用复数形式。17．(2023·浙江1月卷)Thehutongstheyformedwereorderly,linedby(space)homesandwalledgardens.【答案】spacious【解析】考查形容词。空处需用形容词作定语，修饰空后的名词homes。18．(2023·浙江1月卷)ThankstoBeijing'slonghistoryascapitalofChina,almosteveryhutonghasitsstories,andsomeareevenassociatedwithhistoric(event)．【答案】events【解析】考查名词的数。根据空前的形容词historic可知，空处需用名词，且event为可数名词，应用复数形式。形容词、副词的比较等级和派生●辨明题类当提示词为形容词或副词时，需考虑是否是考查比较级、最高级，形容词和副词之间的相互转换或者反义词。当提示词为形容词时，还要考虑是否需要转换为名词或者动词形式。●技法点拨1．提示词为形容词或副词，分析句子成分不需要词性转换，则考虑比较级或最高级。(2025·广东省大湾区高三一模)Manyimportantancientbuildings,liketheroyalcomplexesinthepastdynasties,werepositionedinlinewithanorth-southdirectionwhile(important)structuresweregenerallybuiltontheeastandwestsidesofthemainbuildings.【答案】lessimportant【解析】考查形容词的比较级。根据“structuresweregenerallybuiltontheeastandwestsidesofthemainbuildings”可知，一般建在主体建筑的东西两侧的建筑都是不太重要的，应用lessimportant表示“不太重要的”，作定语。2．提示词是形容词，分析句子成分需要词性转换，则考虑派生为副词、名词或动词。(2025·江西省重点中学盟校联考高三二模)Foundedin1974,theDutchassociationconcentratesontheWongShun-Leunglineage(世系)ofWingChun,whichemphasizes(efficient)anddirectness.【答案】efficiency【解析】考查名词。提示词作及物动词emphasize的宾语，用名词efficiency，意为“效率”，不可数名词。●真题体验1．(2025·全国Ⅰ卷)Tusaysthatthebalancebetweentheblackandwhitepieces,thebeautyinthestrategic/strategical(strategy)placementofthepieces,andtheenergyflowfollowingeachmoveinspiredartiststocreateoilpaintings,sculptures,(digital)generatedpicturesandsilk-screenprintsfortheexhibition.【答案】digitally【解析】考查副词。此处修饰形容词generated，需用副词digitally“数字地”，作状语。2．(2025·全国Ⅱ卷)Thesun-driedclothessmellespeciallypleasantwhereIlive,thankstothe(absent)ofsmogandplentyofblueskyafternoons(afternoon)withlotsoffreshair.【答案】absence【解析】考查名词。句意：我真的想让这个(服装租赁服务)适合如今人们的生活，我知道这并不总是意味着在一个特别的周末后的周一归还礼服。本空作thanksto的宾语，应用名词absence“缺乏，没有”，不可数名词。3．(2025·北京卷)Maybethismorningyoudebatedwhethertogetuporstayinbedslightly(long)．【答案】longer【解析】考查比较级。此处表示“多睡一会儿”，应用比较级longer，表示“更久”。4．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)TheGlasshousestandsasagreatachievementincontemporarydesign,tohousetheplantsofthesouthwesternpartofChinaattheendofapathretracing(追溯)thestepsalongtheSilkRoutewhich/thatbroughttheplantsfromtheirnativehabitatinAsiatocometodefinemuchofthe(rich)ofgardeninginEngland.【答案】richness【解析】考查名词。冠词修饰名词，应用名词形式richness，作介词of的宾语。5．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)ThoseculturalelementshaveincreasedStratford'sinternational(visible),saidEdmondson,addingthatvisitorswalkingthroughtheBirthplaceGardenwereoftenamazedtofind(find)theconnectionbetweenthetwogreatwriters.【答案】visibility【解析】考查名词。形容词international后接名词形式，visibility为不可数名词作宾语。6．(2024·全国甲卷)Theyallagreedandvowed(承诺)topromotetheideaatthe(complete)oftheirjourney.【答案】completion【解析】考查名词。冠词修饰名词，本空应用名词作宾语，complete名词形式为completion，不可数。7．(2024·全国甲卷)Yellowstonewasthe(large)UnitedStatesnationalpark—2.2millionacres—untilWrangell-SaintEliasinsouthernAlaska,whichbecameanationalmonumentin1978,tookthehonorsasanationalparkin1980with12.3millionacres.【答案】largest【解析】考查形容词最高级。本空前有the，为形容词最高级标志词，用large的最高级largest作定语。8．(2023·浙江1月卷)Theterm“hutong”，(original)meaning“waterwell”inMongolian,appearedfirstduringtheYuanDynasty.【答案】originally【解析】考查副词。空处修饰动词meaning需用副词形式。9．(2023·浙江1月卷)Theirsiheyuanwerefarsmallerinscaleand(simple)indesignanddecoration,andthehutongswerenarrower.【答案】simpler【解析】考查形容词比较级。根据句子结构和and可知，空处需用形容词比较级和前面的smaller构成并列结构作表语。10．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)(basic),howtodescribeapanda'slife.【答案】Basically【解析】考查副词。空处修饰空后整个句子，应该用副词修饰，basic的副词形式是basically，位于句首，首字母应大写。11．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)NomatterwhereIbuythem,onesteameris(rare)enough,yettwoseemsgreedy,soIamalwaysleftwanting(want)morenexttime.【答案】rarely【解析】考查副词。修饰形容词用副词作状语。人称代词、物主代词、反身代词●辨明题类所给提示词是代词时，一般考查人称代词变为物主代词。有时需考虑人称代词单数变复数、主格变为宾格、人称代词变为反身代词等。●技法点拨1．提示词为代词，分析句子成分所填词若作介词或者动词的宾语，则考虑人称代词的宾格；若与主语是同一人，则考虑反身代词。(2025·四川省巴中市高三一模)Thegameisremarkablystunning,whichfeaturesbreathtakinglandscapesandancientlegendsthatallowplayerstoimmerse(they)inafantasticalEasternworld.【答案】themselves【解析】考查代词。immerseoneselfin为固定短语，意为“沉浸于”，主语是players，其反身代词为themselves。2．提示词为代词，分析句子成分所填词若作名词的定语，则考虑物主代词。(2025·河北省邢台市名校协作高三一模)Around1,000peoplefromvariousculturalbackgroundsmade(they)waytotheconcertdespitetheinconveniencebroughtbythewinterstorminNewYork.【答案】their【解析】考查代词。根据空格后的名词way可知，空格处应该用形容词性物主代词their作定语，修饰名词way，makeone'swayto“前往某处”是固定搭配。●真题体验1．(2025·全国Ⅱ卷)Overtime,I'vefound(I)feelingextremelyathomehere.【答案】myself【解析】考查反身代词。句意：随着时间的推移，我发现自己在这里有了宾至如归的感觉。本空指代主语I，表示“我自己”，应用反身代词。2．(2024·全国甲卷)Thisarea,with(it)uniqueandbreathtakingnaturalbeauty,mustbewellpreservedforallpeopleofthenationtoenjoy—asanationalpark.【答案】its【解析】考查代词。修饰名词beauty用形容词性物主代词。3．(2024·浙江1月卷)Whoknows,perhapssomeofthemoreforward-looking(one)mayyetcomeoutwithawholerangeof“justforyou”packsizeswithspecialoffersaswell.【答案】ones【解析】考查代词。代词one意为“一个人”，在someof后应用复数形式。4．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Nanxiangaside,thebestXiaolongbaohaveafineskin,allowingthemtobelifted(lift)outofthesteamerbasketwithoutallowingthemtearingorspillinganyof(they)contents.【答案】their【解析】考查代词。修饰后面的名词contents需用形容词性物主代词。数词●辨明题类所给提示词是数词时，经常考查序数词，有时考查年龄的表达法“在某人几十多岁时”(用“inone's＋整十基数词的复数”，如：inone'sfifties在某人五十多岁时)或年代的表达法“在几十年代”(用“inthe＋整十基数词的复数”，如：inthethirties在三十年代)。●技法点拨提示词为数词，如果强调顺序，则考虑用序数词形式。将基数词变为序数词时，一般由基数词加-th构成，如：six→sixth，hundred→hundredth；以y结尾的基数词变为序数词时，先把y变为ie，再加-th，如：twenty→twentieth；还有不规则变化：one→first，two→second，three→third，five→fifth，eight→eighth，nine→ninth，twelve→twelfth。(2025·内蒙古阿拉善盟高三一模)Forelectriccars,parkingisfreeforthe(one)twohoursatpublicparkinglots.【答案】first【解析】考查序数词。此处表示“前两个小时”，应用序数词。●真题体验(2023·全国甲卷)Fableswerepartoftheoraltraditionofmanyearlycultures,andthewell-knownAesop'sfablesdatetothe(six)century B．C.【答案】sixth【解析】考查数词。century前面要用序数词形式。A(2025·江西省萍乡市高三一模)Eatenawaybytimeandcoveredindust,ChineseancientbooksdescribethehistoryofChinesecivilization.NowChinahaspromisedtomakefulluse1.them,ratherthanleavingthemsleepinginarchives(档案)．OnFriday,underaninitiative2.(lead)bytheNationalLibraryofChinainBeijing,key3.(library)aroundthecountryreleaseddigitalversionsof7,085ancientbooksonlineforfreepublicuse.Thiswasthe9th4.(expand)ofthenationalonlinenetworkknownastheChineseAncientBookResourcesDatabase.Thenumberofdigitizedcopiesontheplatformstandsat105,000,withtheNationalLibrary5.(contribute)1,024books,including274listedasrareeditions.AprinteditionoftheShiji(RecordsoftheGrandHistorian),which6.(publish)in1171,isonesuchexample.Writteninthe1stcenturyBCbySimaQian,it'safoundationtextofChinesehistory.ApreciousNorthernSongperiod(960－1127)editionoftheHouhanshu(BookofLaterHan),7.isaboutthehistoryoftheEasternHanDynasty(24－220),isincludedaswell.Duetoage,nottoomanyNorthernSongbookswereluckyenough8.(survive)andonlythreebooksinthecollectionofthenationallibrary,includingtheHouhanshu,canbe9.(definite)creditedtotheperiod.“10.areingreatdemandforacademicsaredigitizedversionsofancientbooks，”ZhangZhiqing,leaderoftheNationalLibraryofChina,said.“Referringtooriginalcopiesiscrucialtothestudyofliteratureifresearchersaretoavoidmistakesfromusingsecondarysources.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国国家图书馆牵头，全国主要图书馆免费发布古籍数字版，满足学术需求。1．of考查固定短语。makefulluseof是固定短语，意为“充分利用”。2．led考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰aninitiative，aninitiative与lead之间是被动关系，即“倡议是被中国国家图书馆发起的”，所以用过去分词作后置定语。3．libraries考查名词的数。根据aroundthecountry可知，此处指全国各地的主要图书馆，library是可数名词，应用复数形式。4．expansion考查名词。根据the9th可知，此处需要一个名词，expand的名词形式是expansion，意为“扩展；扩充”。5．contributing考查非谓语动词。此处是“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”的复合结构，theNationalLibrary与contribute之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作宾语补足语。6．waspublished考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据in1171可知，句子时态为一般过去时，AprinteditionoftheShiji(RecordsoftheGrandHistorian)与publish之间是被动关系，即“《史记》的印刷版被出版”，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。7．which考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词ApreciousNorthernSongperiod(960—1127)editionoftheHouhanshu(BookofLaterHan)指物，在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。8．tosurvive考查非谓语动词。“be＋形容词＋enough＋todosth.”是固定结构，意为“足够……去做某事”，所以此处应用动词不定式作原因状语。9．definitely考查副词。由副词修饰动词可知，此处应用副词修饰动词credited，definite的副词形式是definitely，意为“肯定地；确切地”。10．What考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，10.areingreatdemandforacademics是主语从句，从句中缺少主语，指物，所以用连接代词What引导主语从句。B(2025·浙江省台州市高三二模)Forsomanyyears,ourworldhasoperatedinasetcycle：work,earnmoney,spendit,andrepeat.Intheprocess,1.accumulationofunnecessaryitemswillquicklylosetheirappealandendupgatheringdust.However,apowerfulshifttowardssustainabilityisnowunderway.Thesharingeconomy,allaboutbondingpeopleandresources,2.(become)verypopularinEuropeduringthepastdecades.InGermany,3.(drive)bythecountry'sstrongenvironmentalconsciousnessandcommitmenttosustainability,thesharingeconomyhasbeenembraced,givingrisetonumerousplatformsandservices.Forexample,somepopularcar-platformslikeDrivyshowcasethe4.(market)potentialforcollaborativeandwaste-reducinginnovations.Andthisisnotjustlimitedtobusinesses;itplacesgreateremphasis5.ordinaryindividualsandcommunities.Peopleareincreasinglyusingthriftstores,donationstationsanddigitalplatforms6.(exchange)theirunwanteditemsforfree.OnesuchplatformisGoHardcover,whichrevolutionizesbooksharingbyallowingreaderstoeasilylendandborrowbooks,thus7.(form)asustainablesharingcyclethatreduceswasteandcarbonemissions.Userscancreatevirtual8.(bookshelf)tosharetheircollectionsandexploreotherbooksfromfellowreaders,9.makesliteraturemoreaccessibleandfostersagrowingnumberofbooklovers.Thesharingeconomyiscreatingamoresustainable,resource-efficientandconnectedfuture,wheremoreindividualparticipationwillpavethewayfora10.(bright)future.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了共享经济在欧洲的兴起及其影响。1．an考查冠词。anaccumulationof为固定短语，意为“……的积累”。2．hasbecome考查时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语duringthepastdecades可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语Thesharingeconomy为单数，助动词用has。3．driven考查非谓语动词。drive在句中应用非谓语动词形式作状语，该动词与逻辑主语thesharingeconomy构成被动关系，用过去分词作状语。4．market's考查名词所有格。表示“市场的潜力”，用名词所有格形式，market的所有格是market's。5．on/upon考查介词。placeemphasison/upon为固定短语，意为“强调”。6．toexchange考查非谓语动词。用不定式toexchange作目的状语，表示使用这些平台的目的是交换物品。7．forming考查非谓语动词。form在句中应用非谓语动词形式作状语。此处用现在分词作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。8．bookshelves考查名词的数。bookshelf为可数名词，前文没有冠词，表示数量大于一，应用复数形式。9．which考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰上文整个句子，从句中缺少主语，用关系代词which引导从句。10．brighter考查比较级。根据“moresustainable,resource-efficientandconnectedfuture”可知，此处应用形容词比较级brighter，表示“更光明的”，作定语修饰名词future。C(2025·青海省西宁市大通县高三二模)TheheadwaterregionoftheYangtzeRiver,1.(know)asSanjiangyuan,islikeahumanbrain,whichcaninfluencethesituationasawhole.Theecologicalenvironmentofthesourceareaplaysacrucialrolein2.(maintain)thestabilityoftheclimatesystem,waterresourcessecurity,biodiversityandecosystemsecurityalongtheYangtzeRiver.Inrecentyears,theecologicalenvironment3.(protect)oftheSanjiangyuanareahasachievedremarkableresults.DatafromQinghai'secologyandenvironmentdepartmentshowsthatthewaterqualityoftheYangtzeRiver'sma