（正式版）DB43∕T 2314-2022 《特种设备焊接残余应力盲孔法测试方法》

ICS25.160.40ICS25.160.40CCSA12DB43/T2314—2022特种设备焊接残余应力盲孔法测试方法TestmethodforweldingresidualstressofspecialequipmentbyblindholemethodI Ⅲ 1 1 1 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 7 7 8 请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利。本文件的发布机构不承担识别专利的责任。李检保、邵支农、林稳、许福、陈俊、杨才千、张衡、向丽、曾凡小、袁朝阳、罗奇志、王观次、1特种设备焊接残余应力盲孔法测试方法本文件适用于可消耗或小浅孔不影响使用的特种设备焊缝处进行平面应力梯度较小的焊接残余应SL499钻孔应变法测量残余应力的标CB3395残余应力测试方法钻孔特种设备焊接残余应力Residualstressinweldingofspecial2E——杨氏模量；81e、E3e——x,y方向应变花中的弹性释放应变。Ep、Eyp——实测应变中x、y方向的塑性应变分量；ep、E'p——单向标定应变中x、y方向的塑性应变分量；4.1安装应变花的表面应打磨抛光，使用粒度60目砂布打磨除锈，再用100目砂布打磨，表面粗糙度达到Ra3.2～6.4,面积不小于应变花面积的四倍，且不应采用明显改变测试表面应力状况的刮磨或研表面预处理应严格限制，不应使用明显改变表面残余应力状况的方法。详细测量过程见SL499。4.3对特种设备受试工件，应在应变花中心处上钻一通孔，应变花见图1。详细钻孔步骤见SL499。35.1.1应变花应包含3只或3对应变计，应变计的编码应遵循顺时针(CW)编码规则。5.1.3应变计应分别对应于3个坐标方向，如图2所示，“1”为基准方向，“2”为与基准方向成45°5.1.4图2中应变计1的方向定义为测试方向的x轴，y轴为x轴逆时针旋转90°。b)应变计详图图2典型3单元顺时针编码规则应变花几何尺寸5.2.1国内通用标准应变花如图1所示，其对应尺寸见表1。5.3.1应变花应粘贴于离测试工件边沿至少1.5D的位置，或由多种材料组成的工件的材料分界线上。5.3.2使用B型应变花在障碍物附近进行测试，应变花中心距障碍物应不小于0.5D,且各应变计应处45.3.3操作应变计（粘贴、焊引线、防护涂层）时应严格按照出厂说明书操作，并在钻孔过程5.3.4应变计应保证永久性连接，应确认其安装稳定性。接DGLbGWbD0.309D0.309D0.3455DD0.309D0.223D0.3455DD0.176D30°扇形0.412Da直径为mm，括号中数据为英寸。6.1.1不确定的钻孔测试技术操作规程易导致不精确的测试结6.1.2在条件达到的情况下，应对盲孔法与其他技术进行验证，进行不确定性分析，以确定和量化其6.2.1将粘贴好电阻应变花的特种设备工件安装在试验机上，并将测量导6.2.2使用钻孔方法，在不产生明显的加工应力状况下，整个孔深范围内测定的残余应力偏差应不超56.2.4采用6单元的C型应变花，用于重要测量和低传导率材料的测量。详细计算步骤见CB3395，计算过程中8.1.1特种设备因其材料、结构的特殊性，在焊接过程中易产生较高的焊接残余应力。在盲孔法测试p„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（1）xBxyAxy4AB„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（2）yBxyAxy4AB„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（3）在弹性范围内，应变释放系数A、B均为常数。而当孔边材料屈pp„„„„„„„„（4）22spp„„„„„„„„（5）从公式（4）和公式（5）可以看出，测量mxpypp„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（6）公式（6）中的分子项是实测时的释放应变量，分母项6对于m＞1和m＜1的情况，为便于使用，可将应变释放系数A、B按应力水平分为若干等级使用，D0h15-4+3-2+5-4+3-22+2+35-425-4+3-78(资料性)A.3按中心钻孔法测量各应变花的释放应变ε,ε2和ε3。值、y值。9A.6按公式（A.4）、公式（A.5）计算3个应变花的应变释放系数A1、B1，A2、B2，A3、B3：A2„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（A.4）B2„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（A.5）3：=arctan„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（A.6）=arctan0.707R2y„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（A.7）0.707R2x4=arctan„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（A.8）=1„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（A.9）2=452„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（A.10）3=903„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（A.11）=cos1„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（A.12）=2cos2„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（A.13）=3cos3„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（A.14）HA1B1cos21„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（A.15）MA1B1cos21„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（A.16）PA3B3cos23„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（A.17）QA3B3cos23„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（A.18）=MQMPQH„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（A.19）