压裂酸化课件

FractureAcidizing

and压裂酸化与碳酸盐20/20酸系

PresentationAgenda演示程序

CarbonateAcidizing碳酸盐酸化处理

-WhatisCarbonate20/20

什么是碳酸盐20/20

-Carbonate20/20AcidSystemandDescription碳酸盐20/20酸体系及其描述

*CarbonateCompletionAcid碳酸盐岩完井酸化体系

*CarbonateStimulationAcid

碳酸盐岩增产酸化体系

*FinesRecoveryAcid碎屑回收酸化体系

*CarbonateEmulsionAcid碳酸盐乳化酸体系

*ZonalCoverageAcid层间均匀覆盖酸

*HotRockAcid火山岩酸化体系

CandidateSelection备选压裂酸化方式

-MatrixAcidizing

复合酸化

-AcidFrac

酸化压裂

MatrixAcidizing

基质酸化处理

AcidFractureStimulation酸压增产

Questions 问题WhatisCarbonate20/20?

什么是碳酸盐20/20酸化体系?Halliburton’ssolutiontoinadequateproductionlevelsandrapidproductiondeclinesfromacidtreatmentsincarbonatereservoirs它是哈里伯顿针对碳酸盐岩储层产能不足和经酸化后产量速降而提出的有效解决方案。WhyisCarbonate20/20Different?

为什么碳酸盐20/20与众不同？Technologythatprovidesincreasedsustainedproduction增产稳产技术Custom-designedengineeringtoolkit用户设计工程工具包Systematicandsimplifiedapproachtoacomplexengineeringproblem用系统的简单的方法解决复杂的工程问题Newproprietaryfluidsystem新的享有专利的流体体系FocusesontheROCK聚焦于岩石

Carbonate20/20AcidSystems

andDescriptions

碳酸盐20/20酸化体系及其描述Carbonate20/20AcidSystems碳酸盐20/20酸化体系CarbonateCompletionAcid

碳酸盐岩完井酸化体系-安全酸CarbonateStimulationAcid

碳酸盐岩增产酸化体系-胶液酸FinesRecoveryAcid

碎屑回收酸化体系-泡沫酸CarbonateEmulsionAcid

碳酸盐岩乳化酸体系ZonalCoverageAcid

层间均匀覆盖酸体系HotRockAcid

火山岩酸化体系CarbonateCompletionAcid碳酸盐岩完井酸化体系acidblendstabilityandcrudeoilcompatibility

酸混和稳定性与原油兼容性reducedadditiveloading

简化添加剂的添加lowtomoderatetemperature

降低到中等温度sour-wellstimulation

不含硫化氢及CO2井的增产CarbonateStimulationAcid碳酸盐岩增产酸化体系viscousacidforfirstlevel

ofeffectivefluid-losscontrol

对于有效的流体漏失控制,粘性酸是一流的.slowreactingfordeeppenetrationofliveacid

减缓活性酸深穿透的反应速度first-levelfluid-losscontrol

一流的流体漏失控制improvedfluidefficiency

改善压裂液效率HClat210°F盐酸在210DegF下CarbonateStimulationAcid碳酸盐岩完井酸化体系HClat160°F盐酸在160DegF下CarbonateStimulationAcid碳酸盐岩完井酸化体系FinesRecoveryAcid碎屑回收酸化体系erosive/scouringeffect

腐蚀性/洗涤效应easyfluidrecovery

容易回收littleornoswabbing少量或无抽吸goodfluid-losscontrol

好的流体漏失控制性能low-permeabilityformations低渗地层goodfinesremoval

好的碎屑回收性能FinesRecoveryAcid碎屑回收酸化体系FinesRecoveryAcid碎屑回收酸化体系CarbonateEmulsionAcid碳酸盐岩乳化酸化体系slowacidreactionfordeeppenetrationofliveacid

减慢活性酸深穿透的酸化反应速度improvedacidetchingonformationsproducingheavycrude

改善重油地层的酸蚀效果canbemixedonthefly

稳定安全formulatedsoemulsionbreakswhentheacidspends

酸尽即乳破PlainAcidComparison清晰的酸化情况对比CarbonateEmulsionAcid碳酸盐乳化酸体系ZonalCoverageAcid层间覆盖酸化体系viscousacidwithcontrolledcrosslinkerforeffectivediversion

具有胶联控制作用的粘性酸可有效导向slowreactingacid 减缓酸化速度2%SGA-IIonlyallZCAadditivesCastingsfromHollowCoreTests来自空芯测试的铸件

140°F,5%HCl,10mL/minHotRockAcid火山岩酸化体系non-HClacidsystem无盐酸酸化体系effectivestimulationabove300°F在300°F以上增产有效reducedcorrosionrates降低腐蚀速率extendedreactiontimes延长反应时间built-inironcontrol 可控金属腐蚀excellentfluid-losscontrol优秀的流体漏失控制性能

PlainHClat300°FHCL在300°F下作用HotRockAcidat300°F火山岩酸化体系在300°F下SelectinganAcidSystem酸化体系的选择bottomholetemperature井底温度corrosionconcerns腐蚀情况reactivityofformation地层反应情况compatibilitywithformationrock与地层岩石的配伍性compatibilitywithreservoirfluids与油藏流体的配伍性viscosifyforbetterzonalcoverage稠化以改善覆盖范围Carbonate20/20

CandidateSelection

应用碳酸盐20/20酸化体系

进行压裂酸化的备选方式Whystimulatethewell?ImproveProductionOtherissuesWhatcausedtheproblem?DrillmudinvasionCementlossesPerforationdamageFormationcollapseBadstimulationfluidsIncompatiblecompletionfluidLowsplitlinepermeabilityWellEvaluation井的评价CollectdataEvaluatedatatodeterminecausefordamageEvaluatecompletiondesignRunRESULTStoevaluatewellEvaluatereservoirpotentialWellData井的数据DoesdatasuggeststimulationwillimprovePI?Matrixacidcandidate?Fracacidcandidate?K>10mdoilwellK>1mdgaswellK<10mdoilwellNoC20/20NoYesK<1mdgaswellCandidateSelection备选压裂酸化方式Carbonate20/20

MatrixAcidizing基质酸化处理EffectiveMatrixAcidizinginCarbonateFormations

碳酸盐岩地层有效的基质酸化处理acidpenetration

酸渗wormholegrowth

酸蚀孔洞形成acidplacement

布酸

RadialReservoirModel

withDamagedZone

带污染地层的放射状油藏模型ksDamagedZonekBulkFormationhrwrerererdrwkokdSimplifiedWellboreSchematic简化的井眼图形

DamagedStimulatedNativersksWhatisaWormhole何谓酸蚀孔洞?Efficiencydependson效率取决于:reactionrate反应速度injectionrate注入速度AcidPlacementandWormholeEfficiency布酸及酸蚀效应Highskinzone高表皮区: lowfluidvelocityresultinginfacedissolutionwithoutskindecrease低流速导致岩层表面溶解而无表皮损失Thiefzone漏失带: littlestimulationnecessarybuttakesmostofthefluid无增产但吸收多数流体Lowskinzone低表皮区: efficientwormholingbutpoorzonalcoverageandshallowpenetration有效酸蚀但覆盖不完全、渗透浅HighSkinLowSkinThiefZoneSkinvs.AcidizedRadius表皮因子与酸化半径关系-5-4-3-2-1002468101214161820RadiusofStimulation(ft)Skink/ko=3k/ko=10k/ko=100k/ko=¥DissolvingPowerofHCl

盐酸溶解能力(1000gal,134ft3)Volumevs.MatrixPorosity体积与基质孔隙度关系20%10%5%2%Volumevs.MatrixPorosity体积与基质孔隙度关系20%10%5%2%S=-3S=-3.5S=-4-2.5MatrixObjectives基质目标wellborecleanout/connectivity井筒清洗／连通性10to25gal/ftnearwellborestimulation近井带增产(S=0to-2)25to50gal/ftintermediatestimulation中间带增产(S=-2to-3)50to150gal/ftextendedmatrixacidizing延伸带基质酸化(S=-3to-5)150to500gal/ftImportanceofFormationCharacteristics地层特性的重要性MineralComposition矿物组成>80%Solubility溶解性Hardness硬度ClosureStress闭合压力Temperature温度Heterogeneity非均质性CrystalSizeDistribution结晶粒度及分布Perm.andPorosityDistribution孔隙分布FinesGeneration碎屑产生PrimaryReasonfor>80%solubilityguideline 主要为了大于８０％溶解性Maystoptheacidreaction 可以阻止酸反应Mayreduceconductivity 降低电导率AmountofFinesGenerated碎屑生成量

using1000gal.ofHClvs.rocksolubility

1000加仑盐酸VS.岩石溶解ProductionIncrease增产BasicConcept基本概念TinslyCurvesTinsly曲线FractureAcidizing压裂酸化Purpose目的:Stimulation增产CarbonateRocksOnly只有碳酸盐岩的情况HighSolubility&SomeHeterogeneity高溶解性&不同成分LowPermeability低渗透性Geometry几何形态MoreConductivity更好的传导性率ShorterLengths长度短DifferentialEtching酸蚀差别TheThreeFundamentals三个基本原则properreactivitycontrol适合的反应速率控制choiceofacidviscosifier酸性增粘剂的选择fluidlosscontrol液体漏失控制viscousacid粘性酸largesolids大的固体conductivitygeneration传导性产生SUPRAplacementtechnique前置酸技术ThreeFundamentalConsiderations三个基本考虑因素ReactivityControl反应速率控制 ——FluidLossControl漏失控制

——ConductivityGeneration传导性产生Reactivity反应速率SurfaceReactionControl地面反应控制TransferControlMass运移控制ReactivityTheory反应速率理论ThereactionrateofHCloncarbonatecanbedescribedasfollows:HCl

在碳酸盐中的反应速率表示如下：Flux=k(Cs)nwhere: 流量Flux

=反应率g-moles/cm2/sec

reactionrateing-moles/cm2/sec Cs= 裂缝面上酸的浓度g-moles/ccacidconcentrationsatthefracturefacein g-moles/cc k= 反应速率常数reactionrateconstant n= 反应级别reactionorder

k=koexp(-Ea/RT)where: Ea= 活化能ActivationEnergyincal/g-mole R= 1.987cal/g-mole/deg.K T= 温度Temperatureindeg.K

ko= 前幂指数因子Pre-exponentialfactorArrheniusLawExpressionforthe“ReactionRateConstant”CalciteReactivityData方解石反应速率数据RetardedAcidSystems缓速酸系统OrganicAcids有机酸ChemicallyRetardedAcids化学缓速酸GelledAcids稠化酸CrosslinkedAcids交联酸ThreeFundamentalConsiderations三个基本考虑因素ReactivityControl反应速率控制FluidLossControl流体漏失控制ConductivityGeneration传导性生产

FluidLossControl-FractureGeometry流体漏失控制－裂隙几何形状FractureHeight裂缝高度FractureWidth裂缝宽度HydraulicorCreatedFractureLength液压或造缝长度EffectiveFractureLength有效造缝长度GeometryDependsOn裂缝几何尺寸取决于:注入体积VolumeInjected速率Rate流体漏失FluidLoss!!粘度Viscosity岩石特性RockPropertiesFluidLossinFractureAcidizing酸化压裂中的流体漏失ImportantinGenerationofGeometry

裂缝几何形态的产生是重要因素MoreDifficulttoAchieveWithReactiveFluid更难达到反应流体酸蚀孔洞WormholesFluidLoss流体流失

AdditivesandTechniques添加剂及其技术ViscosifytheAcid酸的稠化LargeParticulates大的悬浮颗粒物LowerAcidStrength低酸性ALPHATechniqueALPHA波技术VCAAdditionalAcidSystemsusedforFractureAcidizing

用于压裂酸化补充酸系FoamedAcids泡沫酸HeatedAcids热酸ThreeFundamentalConsiderations三个基本考虑因素ReactivityControl反应率控制FluidLossControl液体流失控制ConductivityGeneration传导性形成FractureAcidizing酸化压裂DifferentialEtching=ConductivityConductivityCorrelations传导性的关联

ConstantWidthOpenChannelAEFFC=Constant*(w/12)3NierodeandKrukCorrelationDiscountedforClosureHalliburtonCorrelationBasedonSpecialLaboratoryTestsFractureAcidizingPlacementTechniques压裂酸化布酸技术

Conventional常规的AlternatingPhases–ALPHA交替阶段ALPHA波MY-T-AcidMY-T-酸化技术DensityControlledAcidizing控制酸化密度ClosedFractureAcidizing(CFA)圈闭压裂酸化LowViscosityAcidFractureCementCasingPerforationsHighViscosityPreflushMy-T-AcidTechniqueMY-T-酸化技术NEWACIDNEW

PREFLUSHPRE-

FLUSHSTEP#6ACIDPREFLUSHSTEP#2ACIDNEW

PREFLUSHPREFLUSHSTEP#5ACIDPREFLUSHSTEP#3PREFLUSHSTEP#1STEP#4ACIDPREFLUSHDensityControlledAcidizing

密度控制酸化CreateFractureWithNon-AcidPreflush非酸性前置液造缝AllowFracturetoClose允许裂缝关闭PumpAcidBelowFracturingConditions在压裂环境下泵入酸AddFLAAsNeeded按照需要加入FLADivertAsNecessary根据需要转向ClosedFractureAcidizing裂缝闭合后压裂酸化FormationsthatareBestCandidatestoFractureAcidize优选压裂酸化地层>85%Soluble 可溶性>85%Heterogeneity 多相性Closure<8000psi 关闭压力<8000psiPerm<5md 渗透率<5mdPorosity<20%

孔隙度<20%FormationsthatareDifficulttoFractureAcidize难于压裂酸化的地层Deepest,HottestCarbonates 非常深的高温碳酸盐岩地层Softformations

疏松地层ColdDolomites

低温白云盐岩地层LargeZones