微型计算机原理及应用

TheIntelMicroprocessors

--from8086toPentium Architecture,Programming andInterfacingContentArrangementReferencebookFinalscore1.Architecture2.Programming3.InterfacingCPU1.Architecture2.ProgrammingMemoryPrinterI/O3.Interfacing1.Architecture1.1ThearchitectureofCPU1.2AddressingmodesInternalMicroprocessorArchitectureAH(AX)ALBH(BX)BLCH(CX)CLDH(DX)DL

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SIEAXEBXECXEDXESPEBPEDIESIAccumulatorBaseindexCountDataStackpointerBasepointerDestinationindexSourceindexDRPRIRInternalMicroprocessorArchitecture

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GSCodeDataExtraStackSpecialpurposeregistersSegmentregisters1.Architecture2.Programming3.Interfacing2.Programming2.1Datamovementinstructions2.2Arithmeticandlogicinstructions2.3Programcontrolinstructionsprogram.DATANUMDB34HTABLEDW0012H,0033H,5687H.CODE.STARTUPMOVBX,OFFSETTABLEMOVAX,[BX+4]MOVCX,88HMULCXCMPAX,2000HJAENEXTOUTAX,P8.EXITENDApplicationlanguages/applicationprogramHigh-levellanguages/compiler&interpretativeprogramAssemblylanguage/assemblyprogramKeyboardcommandandsystemprimitive/operatingsystemMachineinstructionsystem/CPU1.Architecture2.Programming3.Interfacing3.Interfacing18088/8086hardwarespecifications2Memoryinterface3BasicI/Ointerface4Interrupts5DirectmemoryaccessandDMA-controlledI/O8088hardwarespecificationsMemoryinterfaceContentArrangementReferencebookFinalscorerequestFamiliarwithAddressingmodeprogrammingwithassemblylanguageinterfacingofmicroprocessorWhatwecando

afterlearningthisProgramminginassemblylanguageincertainreal-timesystem,memorylimitedsystemorembeddedsystemDesigninterfacingandwritingdriversContentArrangementReferencebookFinalscoreReferenceBooks微型计算机原理及应用周明德编著清华大学出版社IBM-PC汇编语言程序设计沈美明主编，清华大学出版社汇编语言与微机原理教程顾元刚主编，电子工业出版社The80x86IBMPCandCompatibleComputers(VolumesI&II):AssemblyLanguage,Design,andInterfacing(4thEdition)

清华大学出版社ReferenceLessonsOperatingsystem操作系统Computerarchitecture计算机体系结构ContentArrangementReferencebookFinalscoreFinalExam:70%MiddleExam:20%Homework&Attendance:10%Thismayberevisedaccordingtotheneeds.Nowlet’sbeginourexploration

inmicroprocessor.Chapter1

IntroductiontoTheMicroprocessorandPCChapter1:

Whatmankindhasdonebeforethemicroprocessorfinallycameout?2.Howmanypartsarethereinthemicroprocessor?Chapter1:

IntroductiontoTheMicroprocessorandPC1.1AHistoricalBackground1.2PCBasedonMicroprocessor1.1AHistoricalBackground1.1AHistoricalBackgroundA.TheMechanicalAgeAbacus(Babylonians)Analyticalengine(Babbage,punchedcards,1823,failure)1.1AHistoricalBackgroundB.TheElectricalAgeMotor-drivenaddingmachines,basedonmechanicalcalculator(Hollerith,setupIBM-InternationalBusinessMachinesCorporation)FirstelectroniccalculatingmachineZ3(German,KonradZuse,1942)Thefirstgeneral-purpose,programmableelectroniccomputerENIAC(UniversityofPennsylvania,1946)ENIACElectronicNumericalIntegratorAndCalculator[Computer]电子数字积分计算机ENIACENIACENIAC1.1AHistoricalBackgroundC.TheMicroprocessorAge(Intel)DatePartDataBusWidthMemorySize400441979808881M198980486sx324G+16kcache1993Petium644G+16kcache1997PetiumII6464G+32kl1cache+512kl2cacheIntel4004Intel8088IntelPetiumIntelPetiumIITheMoore’sLaw:

thenumberoftransistorsintegratedinachipwilldoublevery18or24mouths1.1AHistoricalBackgroundD.TheFutureofMicroprocessorsTheprocessspeedwillgetmorefasterThememorywillgetmorelargeThebulkwillgetmoresmallerThewidthofdatabuswillincreaseArchitecturewillgetmoreefficient1.2PCBasedonMicroprocessor1.2PCBasedonMicroprocessorQuestion:Ifweuseacomputertofigureoutanarithmeticexpression,howcanitfinishthiswork?133*33+44*141.2PCBasedonMicroprocessor133*33+44*14Firstinputthesenumbers.Dothecalculatingwork.StoreTheresultOutputtheresult.Controlthisprocessing.1.2PCBasedonMicroprocessor133*33+44*14InputdevicememorycalculatorOutputdevicecontrollerControlbusdatabus1.2PCBasedonMicroprocessorMicro-processorMemoryInterfaceExternaldevicesDatabusAddressbusControlbusBUSdefinitionp251.2PCBasedonMicroprocessorBus:P25AddressbusrequestsamemorylocationfromthememoryoranI/OlocationfromtheI/Odevices.DatabustransfersinformationbetweenthemicroprocessoranditsmemoryandI/Oaddressspace.ControlbuscontainslinesthatselectthememoryorI/Oandcausethemtoperformareadorwriteoperation.1.2PCBasedonMicroprocessorP251.2PCBasedonMicroprocessor1.2PCBasedonMicroprocessorA.RelationshipFigure