2026年高考英语全国卷专题突破训练卷（含解析）

2026年高考英语全国卷专题突破训练卷（含解析）考试时间：______分钟总分：______分姓名：______第一部分阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中选出最佳选项。Passage1Theconceptofa"growthmindset,"popularizedbypsychologistCarolDweck,suggeststhatabilitiesandintelligencearenotfixedtraitsbutcanbedevelopedthroughdedicationandhardwork.Thisideacontrastswitha"fixedmindset,"whereindividualsbelievetheirtalentsareinnateandunchangeable.Peoplewithagrowthmindsetembracechallenges,persistinthefaceofsetbacks,andseeeffortasthepathtomastery.Conversely,thosewithafixedmindsetoftenavoidchallenges,giveupeasilywhenfacedwithobstacles,andfeelthreatenedbythesuccessofothers.Researchindicatesthatfosteringagrowthmindsetcanhavesignificantbenefitsacrossvariousdomains,includingeducation,careerdevelopment,andpersonalwell-being.Studentswithagrowthmindsettendtoachievehigheracademicperformancebecausetheyviewdifficultiesasopportunitiestolearnratherthanindicatorsoftheirlimitations.Theyaremorelikelytoinvesttimeandeffortintomasteringnewskillsandtopersistwhen遇到problems.Developingagrowthmindsetisnotaboutpretendingtoenjoyeverychallengeorignoringthediscomfortoffailure.Itisaboutunderstandingthatstrugglesareanaturalpartofthelearningprocessandthatpersistenceleadstogrowth.Individualscancultivateagrowthmindsetbysettingchallenginggoals,seekingfeedback,viewingfailuresaslearningopportunities,andcelebratingtheprocessofimprovementratherthanjusttheoutcome.1.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthemaindifferencebetweenagrowthmindsetandafixedmindset?A)Agrowthmindsetfocusesoninnateabilities,whileafixedmindsetemphasizesdevelopment.B)Agrowthmindsetseeschallengesasopportunities,whileafixedmindsetavoidsthem.C)Agrowthmindsetbelievesintelligenceisfixed,whileafixedmindsetthinksitcanbedeveloped.D)Agrowthmindsetgivesupeasily,whileafixedmindsetpersistsinthefaceofsetbacks.2.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestaboutstudentswithagrowthmindset?A)Theybelieveintelligenceispredeterminedandgiveupquicklywhentheyfail.B)Theyseechallengesaslearningopportunitiesandinvestefforttoovercomedifficulties.C)Theyarenotinterestedinacademicachievementandprefereasytasks.D)Theyfeelthreatenedbythesuccessoftheirpeersandavoidcompetition.3.Theword"indicators"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A)signsB)causesC)resultsD)methods4.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinmentioningsettingchallenginggoals,seekingfeedback,viewingfailuresaslearningopportunities,andcelebratingtheprocessofimprovement?A)Toargueagainsttheimportanceofagrowthmindset.B)Toprovideevidencethatagrowthmindsetcannotbedeveloped.C)Tosuggestwaysindividualscancultivateagrowthmindset.D)Tocriticizepeoplewhohaveafixedmindset.5.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith:A)Thelimitationsofafixedmindsetinpersonaldevelopment.B)Thecharacteristicsandbenefitsofagrowthmindset.C)Theroleofpsychologistsinpopularizingeducationalconcepts.D)Theimportanceoffacingchallengeswithoutfear.Passage2Urbangardening,alsoknownascityfarmingorcommunitygardening,isapracticethatinvolvescultivatingplantsinurbanenvironments.Thiscantakevariousforms,fromsmallcontainergardensonbalconiestolargecommunityplotsinparksorvacantlots.Themotivationsbehindurbangardeningarediverse,includingproducingfreshfood,creatinggreenspaces,promotingcommunityengagement,andofferingeducationalopportunities.Oneofthemostsignificantadvantagesofurbangardeningisitspotentialtoimprovelocalfoodsecurity.Bygrowingfruits,vegetables,andherbswithincitylimits,residentscanreducetheirrelianceontransportationanddistributionnetworks,therebyloweringfoodcostsandcarbonfootprint.Additionally,urbangardenscontributetobiodiversitybyprovidinghabitatsforpollinatorsandotherwildlife,whichareoftenscarceindenseurbanareas.Theyalsohelpmitigatetheurbanheatislandeffect,asplantsandsoilabsorbandevaporateheat,reducinglocaltemperatures.Despiteitsbenefits,urbangardeningfacesseveralchallenges.Accesstolandremainsaprimaryissue,assuitablespacesareoftenlimitedorcontested.Wateravailabilityandqualitycanalsobeconcerns,especiallyinareasexperiencingwaterscarcity.Furthermore,pestsanddiseasescanposesignificantthreatstocrops,requiringcarefulmanagement.Inaddition,urbangardenersmayfaceregulatoryhurdlesorlackoftechnicalknowledge,particularlyregardingsustainablefarmingpractices.6.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?A)Theenvironmentalimpactofurbanizationonagriculture.B)Thevariousformsandbenefitsofurbangardening.C)Thelegalregulationsgoverningcommunitygardensincities.D)Thedifficultiesfacedbycityfarmersinwaterconservation.7.Accordingtothepassage,whatisonewayurbangardenscanimprovetheurbanenvironment?A)Theyincreasetheneedfortransportationanddistributionnetworks.B)Theyprovidehabitatsforwildlifeandhelpreducelocaltemperatures.C)Theyleadtoadecreaseinlocalbiodiversityandhigherairpollution.D)Theyrequirelargeamountsofwater,contributingtowaterscarcity.8.Theword"mitigate"inthethirdparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A)worsenB)ignoreC)reduceD)eliminate9.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestaboutthefutureofurbangardening?A)Itwilldeclineascitiesbecomemorecrowdedandlandbecomesscarce.B)Itwillcontinuetogrowbutrequiremoregovernmentsupportandregulation.C)Itwillonlybesuccessfulincitieswithabundantwaterresourcesandspace.D)Itwillbecomelesspopularduetochallengesinpestmanagement.10.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthepassage'sorganization?A)Itintroducesurbangardening,discussesitsbenefits,andthenfocusesonthechallenges.B)Itpresentsaproblem,providesseveralsolutions,andconcludeswithacalltoaction.C)Itgivesadetailedhistoryofurbangardening,itsevolution,andcurrentpractices.D)Itcomparesurbangardeningwithtraditionalfarmingintermsofefficiencyandoutput.第二部分完形填空DearAlex,Iwassohappytohearfromyoulastweekandlearnaboutyourexcitingplansforyoursummervacation.Youmentionedthatyouareconsideringseveraloptions,includingtravelingalone,workingpart-time,orpursuingasummercourse.Ithinkeachoftheseoptionshasitsownadvantages,butI'dliketosharesomethoughtsbasedonmyownexperience.Ifyoudecidetotravelalone,itcanbeafantasticopportunitytoexplorenewplacesandmeetdifferentpeople.You'lllearntorelyonyourselfandsolveproblemsindependently,whichisavaluableexperience.However,travelingalonealsomeansyoumightmissoutonthecompanionshipandsupportthatcomeswithtravelingwithfriendsorfamily.It'simportanttoplancarefullytoensureyoursafetyandtochoosedestinationsthataresuitableforsolotravelers.Ontheotherhand,workingpart-timecanbeagreatwaytoearnsomemoneyandgainpracticalworkexperience.Itcanalsohelpyoudevelopimportantskillssuchastimemanagement,communication,andteamwork.However,findingajobthatfitsyourscheduleandinterestscanbechallenging,especiallyduringthebusysummerseason.Youneedtobalanceyourworkresponsibilitieswithyourdesiretorelaxandhavefun.Pursuingasummercourseisanotherexcellentoptionifyouareinterestedinaspecificfieldorwanttoimproveyourskills.Itcanhelpyouadvanceyourknowledge,meetlike-mindedpeople,andevenprepareforfutureacademicorcareergoals.However,coursescanbedemandingandtime-consuming,requiringdedicationandfocus.Youshouldconsiderwhetheryouhavethedisciplinetocommittoastructuredlearningenvironmentforanextendedperiod.Ultimately,thebestchoicedependsonyourpersonalinterests,financialsituation,andlong-termgoals.Whateveryoudecide,Ihopeyoumakethemostofyoursummervacationandhaveamemorableexperience.Pleasekeepmeupdatedonyourplans,andfeelfreetoreachoutifyouhaveanyquestionsorneedadvice.Bestregards,LiMing11.Whatisthemainpurposeoftheletter?A)TopersuadeAlextochooseasummercourseoverotheroptions.B)ToofferadviceandsuggestionsforAlex'ssummervacationplans.C)ToinformAlexabouttheavailabilityofpart-timejobsinhishometown.D)TodescribeAlex'sexcitingsummervacationplansindetail.12.AccordingtoLiMing,whatisoneadvantageoftravelingalone?A)Itallowsyoutosavemoneyandavoidspendingonaccommodation.B)Ithelpsyoudevelopindependenceandproblem-solvingskills.C)Itprovidesyouwiththeopportunitytotraveltomoreremotedestinations.D)Itenablesyoutoexperiencedifferentculturesmoredeeplythroughinteractions.13.WhatdoesLiMingsuggestaboutworkingpart-time?A)Itisthebestoptionforeveryone,especiallythosewhoneedtoearnmoney.B)Itrequiresbalancingworkresponsibilitieswithpersonaltimeandrelaxation.C)Itisonlysuitableforstudentswhoarelookingforchallengingjobs.D)Itusuallyleadstoburnoutandisnotworththeeffort.14.Theword"dedication"inthefourthparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A)interestB)commitmentC)relaxationD)confusion15.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestaboutchoosingasummeractivity?A)Itshouldbebasedsolelyonfinancialconsiderationsandlong-termgoals.B)Itisbesttochoosetheoptionthatismostpopularamongfriendsandfamily.C)Personalinterests,financialsituation,andfutureaspirationsshouldbeconsidered.D)Itisadvisabletochoosetheeasiestoptiontoavoiddisappointment.16.HowdoesLiMingfeelaboutAlex'spotentialsummerplans?A)SheisworriedthatAlexmightmakethewrongchoice.B)SheisexcitedforAlexandwantstohelphermakethebestdecision.C)ShethinksAlexshouldfocusonlyontravelingalone.D)ShebelievesAlexshouldprioritizeworkingpart-timetoearnmoney.第三部分语法填空DearEditor,Iamwritingtoexpressmyconcernabouttheincreasingproblemofplasticpollutioninourcommunity.Plasticwasteisaccumulatinginourparks,streets,andeveninthelocalriver,whichisseriouslyaffectingtheenvironmentandthehealthofbothhumansandanimals.Oneofthemostalarmingaspectsofplasticpollutionisitspersistenceintheenvironment.Unlikeorganicmaterials,plasticsdonotdecomposeeasily.Theybreakdownintosmallerparticlesknownasmicroplastics,whichcanpersistforhundredsofyears.Thesemicroplasticsarenotonlyharmfultowildlifebutalsoposeasignificantrisktohumanhealth.Forexample,studieshaveshownthatmicroplasticscanbefoundindrinkingwater,seafood,andevenintheairwebreathe.(17)_______,theaccumulationofplasticwastecandisruptecosystemsandleadtoalossofbiodiversity.Anotherissueistheimproperdisposalofplasticwaste.Manypeopleareunawareoftheproperwaystorecycleplastics,ortheysimplydonotbothertorecycle.Asaresult,alargeamountofplasticwasteendsupinlandfillsorisincinerated,releasingharmfulchemicalsintotheatmosphere.(18)_______,theproductionofnewplasticscontinuestoconsumevaluableresourcesandcontributetogreenhousegasemissions.Toaddressthisproblem,itisessentialthatwetakeimmediateaction.Governmentsshouldimplementstricterregulationsonplasticproductionandwastemanagement,andindustriesshoulddevelopmoresustainablealternativestosingle-useplastics.(19)_______,individualsalsohavearesponsibilitytoreducetheirownplasticconsumptionandtoparticipateinrecyclingprograms.Wecanmakeadifferencebymakingsmallchangesinourdailylives,suchasusingreusablebags,bottles,andcontainers.Inconclusion,plasticpollutionisaseriousenvironmentalissuethatrequirestheattentionandactionofeveryone.(20)_______weworktogethertoreduceplasticwasteandpromotesustainablepractices,wecanprotectourenvironmentandensureahealthierfutureforgenerationstocome.Sincerely,JaneSmith第四部分短文改错Dearfriends,IamwritingtotellyouaboutafascinatingexperienceIhadlastweekend.MyfriendsandIdecidedtogohikinginthemountainsnearourcity.Theweatherforecastpredictedsunnyskies,butunfortunately,itstartedtorainsuddenlyinthemiddleofourhike.Despitetherain,wecontinuedourjourney,butwequicklyrealizedthatwehadnotbroughtenoughwarmclothing.Wewerehikingalonganarrowtrailwhentherainbecameheavierandthewindbegantoblowstrongly.Thetemperaturedroppedquickly,andwestartedtofeelcoldanduncomfortable.(21)_______,wedecidedtofindashelteredspotunderalargetreetotakeabreak.Whilewewereresting,wenoticedasmallstreamnearbythatwasflowingrapidly.(22)_______,wethoughtitwouldbeagoodideatofollowthestream,hopingtofindaneasierpathbacktoourstartingpoint.However,aswefollowedthestream,wesoonfoundourselvesinamoredifficultsituation.Thepathbecameincreasinglymuddyandslippery,andwestruggledtomaintainourbalance.(23)_______,werealizedthatwehadtakenawrongturnandwerenowlost.Wewereworriedandunsureofwhattodonext.(24)_______,wedecidedtostayputandwaitforhelp,asitwasgettingdarkandweweretooexhaustedtocontinuesearching.Fortunately,agroupofhikerspassedbyourlocationandnoticedus.Theyimmediatelycametoourrescueandguidedusbacktoourstartingpoint.(25)_______,weweregratefulfortheirhelpandrealizedhowimportantitistobepreparedforunexpectedsituationswhenhikinginthewilderness.第五部分书面表达Youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayofnolessthan150wordsbasedonthefollowingpicture.Thepictureshowsagroupofstudentsengagedinadiscussioninaclassroom.Onestudentisshowingacomputertotheothers,whileanotherstudentistakingnotes.Theteacherisstandingbesidethem,smilingandlisteningattentively.Thebackgroundshowsablackboardwitheducationalchartsanddiagrams.Writeanessaydescribingthesceneinthepicture.Youshouldexplainwhythissceneismeaningfulandwhatitrepresentsforstudents'learning.试卷答案第一部分阅读理解1.B解析思路：根据文章第一段，growthmindset(成长型思维)认为能力可以发展，而fixedmindset(固定型思维)认为能力是固定的。选项B准确概括了两者在如何看待挑战和努力方面的核心差异，即成长型思维拥抱挑战，而固定型思维避免挑战。选项A与原文相反。选项C与原文描述相反。选项D描述的是固定型思维，与成长型思维相反。2.B解析思路：根据文章第二段，与固定型思维的学生相比，成长型思维的学生将困难视为学习机会，并投入努力克服困难。这与选项B的描述一致。选项A描述的是固定型思维。选项C与原文相反。选项D与原文相反。3.A解析思路：根据上下文，“indicators”指的是困难是自身局限性的“标志”或“迹象”。选项A“signs”（迹象）意思最接近。选项B“causes”（原因）不合适。选项C“results”（结果）不准确。选项D“methods”（方法）不符。4.C解析思路：文章第四段列举的几个做法（设定挑战性目标、寻求反馈、视失败为学习机会、庆祝进步过程）都是培养成长型思维的具体方法。选项C准确反映了这一点。选项A与原文观点相反。选项B与原文观点相反。选项D描述的是批评固定型思维，不是列举培养方法。5.B解析思路：文章主要围绕“成长型思维”这一核心概念展开，介绍了其定义、与固定型思维的区别、以及其带来的各种益处（教育、职业、个人发展）。选项B最能概括文章主旨。选项A只涉及固定型思维。选项C只涉及心理学概念介绍。选项D只涉及文章的部分内容。6.B解析思路：文章首段指出城市园艺的形式多样，第二段重点阐述了其好处，包括改善本地食物安全、增加生物多样性、缓解城市热岛效应等。选项B“各种形式和益处”准确概括了这两段的主要内容。选项A只涉及形式。选项C只涉及法律监管。选项D只涉及一个困难方面。7.B解析思路：根据文章第二段，“urbangardenscontributetobiodiversitybyprovidinghabitatsforpollinatorsandotherwildlife”以及“absorbandevaporateheat,reducinglocaltemperatures”。选项B“提供野生动物栖息地并帮助降低当地温度”准确概括了城市花园对城市环境的积极影响。选项A与原文相反。选项C与原文相反。选项D与原文关于水资源的描述不符。8.C解析思路：根据上下文，“mitigatetheurbanheatislandeffect”指的是减轻或缓解城市热岛效应。“reduce”（减少）在意思上与“mitigate”（减轻，缓解）最为接近。选项A“worsen”（恶化）与文意相反。选项B“ignore”（忽视）不符。选项D“eliminate”（消除）程度过重。9.B解析思路：文章第三段提到了城市园艺面临的挑战，包括土地、水资源、害虫疾病和监管知识等。这些问题表明，尽管有潜力，城市园艺在实践中仍面临诸多困难。选项B“将继续发展但需要更多政府支持和监管”暗示了这些挑战的存在，并指出了可能的解决方案方向，符合文章暗示的未来趋势。选项A过于绝对。选项C和D只涉及部分挑战，不够全面。10.A解析思路：文章结构清晰，首先介绍城市园艺的概念（第一段），然后集中阐述其优点（第二段），最后讨论其面临的挑战（第三段）。这种“提出概念-阐述优点-讨论缺点”的结构符合选项A的描述。选项B、C、D的结构或内容与文章不符。第二部分完形填空11.B解析思路：通读全文，LiMing的目的是在信中表达对Alex夏天计划的看法，并给出建议（如关于独自旅行、兼职工作和上夏课的利弊分析）。选项B“提供关于夏天计划的建议和意见”最符合这封信的主要目的。选项A、C、D都不是信的主要核心内容。12.B解析思路：根据第三段第一句，“travelingalonecanbeafantasticopportunitytoexplorenewplacesandmeetdifferentpeople.You'lllearntorelyonyourselfandsolveproblemsindependently,whichisavaluableexperience.”这说明独自旅行的一个主要优点是能培养独立性和解决问题的能力。选项B准确概括了这一点。选项A、C、D在文中未直接提及或不是主要优点。13.B解析思路：根据第四段，“findingajobthatfitsyourscheduleandinterestscanbechallenging...Youneedtobalanceyourworkresponsibilitieswithyourdesiretorelaxandhavefun.”这表明做兼职需要平衡工作责任和个人时间、休闲的愿望。选项B准确反映了文中的建议。选项A、C、D与文意不符。14.B解析思路：根据第四段，“coursescanbedemandingandtime-consuming,requiringdedicationandfocus.”在这里，“dedication”指的是对课程所需的要求，即专注和投入。选项B“commitment”（承诺，投入）在意思上与“dedication”最为接近。选项A、C、D不符。15.C解析思路：根据第五段，“Ultimately,thebestchoicedependsonyourpersonalinterests,financialsituation,andlong-termgoals.”这句话明确指出了选择夏天活动时应考虑的因素。选项C“应考虑个人兴趣、经济状况和长期目标”准确概括了这一点。选项A、B、D都与文意不符。16.B解析思路：通篇来看，LiMing在信中语气友好，提供了不同选项的利弊分析，并鼓励Alex做出最适合自己的选择，同时表达了希望Alex夏天过得愉快的祝愿。这些都表明她感到兴奋并为Alex提供建议。选项B“她为Alex的潜在夏天计划感到兴奋，并想帮助她做出最好的决定”最符合这封信的语气和内容。选项A、C、D不符。第三部分语法填空17.However解析思路：空格前一句指出微塑料对野生动物和人类健康的危害（harmfultowildlifebutalsoposeasignificantrisktohumanhealth），空格后一句指出塑料垃圾积累会破坏生态系统和导致生物多样性丧失（disruptecosystemsandleadtoalossofbiodiversity）。两句之间存在转折或递进关系，表示“此外”、“然而”，因此用“However”（然而）。18.Furthermore解析思路：空格前一句提到塑料垃圾的不当处理会导致有害化学物质释放（releasingharmfulchemicalsintotheatmosphere），空格后一句提到新塑料的生产消耗资源并产生温室气体（consumevaluableresourcesandcontributetogreenhousegasemissions）。两句话题相关，都在描述塑料垃圾处理或生产带来的负面影响，因此用“Furthermore”（此外，而且）表示递进。19.Similarly解析思路：空格前一句提到政府应实施更严格的法规和推动可持续替代品（Governmentsshouldimplementstricterregulations...andindustriesshoulddevelopmoresustainablealternatives），空格后一句提到个人也应减少塑料消费和参与回收计划（individualsalsohavearesponsibilitytoreducetheirownplasticconsumptionandtoparticipateinrecyclingprograms）。两句都涉及解决塑料污染问题的不同层面（政府层面和个人层面），且后一句结构与逻辑上与前一句相似，表示“同样地”，因此用“Similarly”。20.Unless解析思路：空格前一句总结塑料污染是严重环境问题，需要大家关注行动（isaseriousenvironmentalissuethatrequirestheattentionandactionofeveryone），空格后一句提出如果我们共同努力可以保护环境和确保未来健康（ifweworktogethertoreduceplasticwasteandpromotesustainablepractices,wecanprotectourenvironment...）。后一句描述的是一种条件，即“除非我们不共同努力”，才能实现前述保护环境的目标，因此用“Unless”（除非）。第四部分短文改错21.Unfortunately解析思路：空格所在句“Unfortunately,wedecidedtofindashelteredspot...”描述的是尽管遇到了坏天气（前文“itstartedtorainsuddenly”），但“我们”决定找个遮蔽处休息。这里用“Unfortunately”（不幸的是）来表达这个决定是在不理想天气状况下的无奈之举，语气更自然。22.So解析思路：空格所在句“...thoughtitwouldbeagoodideatofollowthestream,hopingtofindaneasierpath...”描述的是“我们”看到小溪后产生的想法。空格前一句提到看到小溪（“wenoticedasmallstreamnearby”）。这里用“So”（所以）来连接前后句，表示看到小溪这个情况后，“我们”产生了跟