高中英语教学资料-grammar2

人教课标高一必修1Unit4Unit4Earthquakes定语从句TheAttributiveClauseTheboywhoisreadingabookoverthereismyfriend.Heismyfriend.Heisreadingabookoverthere.Declanisafamoussinger.Hesingsthesongtellmewhy.Declanisafamoussingerwhosingsthesongtellmewhy.Heisapopularsingerwhosesongispopularamongyoungpeople.HeisafamoussingerwhoisfromTaiwan.谁笑到最后谁笑得最好。结局好,一切都好。真正的友谊犹如健康的身体,失去时方知其可贵。ProverbsFriendshipislikehealth,thevalueofwhichisseldomknowuntilitislost.Alliswellthat

endwell.Hewho

laughslastlaughsbest.1.Findthecorrectwordorexpressions foreach

ofthefollowingmeanings.ofnouseallthepeopleinacountryalotofmatterthatisnotcleanuselessnationagreatnumberofdirtfinished

verygreatindegreeimmediatelygasthathotwatergivesoutrightawaysteamatanendextrememakesomeonefeelverysurprisedmetalbarsthatatrainmovesalongsavesomethingorsomebodyfromdangerthepartofabuildingleftaftertheresthasbeendestroyedshocktrackrescueruin3.Completethepassagewithwordsfromthetext.

Itwasafrighteningnight.Thedamcrackedandthen______undertheweightofthewater.Thewaterwentalloverthefieldsand_________quiteafewvillagesalongtheriver.Somebuildingswerein______andsomefarmerswere________atthetopoftheirhouses.burstdestroyedruinstrappedThewaterfilledthecanalsandthe_____.Deadbodiesand_______animalswereseeneverywhere.Peoplewere________,buttheyhadto_____thedeadbodiesforhealthreasons.Itwasaverysadtime.wellsinjuredshockedbury4.Workingroups.Readsomeofthesentencesandcompletetheothers.Thenchoosethebesttoreadtotheclass.◎Whentheearthquakecame,itwasas iftheworldwasatanend.◎Whenthehousesfelldown,itsoundedasif_______________________.

amountainhadblownup◎Whenthedambroke,itlookedasifthe seahadarrivedsuddenlyonourdoorstep.◎Whenthebrickscoveredtheground,it wasasif◎Whenthecoalminesfell,theground abovelookedasifitwouldcrack.◎Whenthecowsrandowntheroad,theylookedasif______________________ ____________.stoneswereflowinglikewatertheyweredrivenbyanunseenhand◎Whentheshockhitus,wefeltasifwe weregoingtodie.◎Whenthenationturnedtohelpusin ourneed,itseemedasif_____________ __________________________________ ____.allChinawasthinkingofusandwascomingtoouraid定语从句的位置定语从句一定放在被修饰成分之后。e.g.Thisis

thecar

whichheboughtlastyear.排头兵带领部队紧跟在首长后先行词定语从句1主句Thisisthecar.首长2从句Heboughtthecarlastyear.

Heboughtwhich

关系代词

lastyear.关系代词

又称排头兵站在队伍最前面

whichheboughtlastyear.

在复合句中，修饰某一名词或者代词用作定语的句子就叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词，叫先行词。引导定语从句的关联词有：定语从句关系代词：who,

whomwhose,

which,that

关系副词：when,

where1找二个句子的公共部分2确定主句，主句的公共部分为先行词3从句中用关系代词替换公共部分4排头兵（关系代词）整队5排头兵带队伍插队Ishowedhimtheletter.IreceiveditthismorningIshowedhimtheletter(which)Ireceivedthismorning.

which指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可以省略。

e.g.I’mnotinterestedinthebook

which

hasjustbeenpublished.that指人或物，在从句中做主语或宾语,作宾语时可以省略。Thehousefacessouth.I’mgoingtobuythehouse.I’mgoingtobuythat.thatI’mgoingtobuy.ThehousethatI’mgoingtobuy

facessouth.They’retalkingaboutthefilm.Ihaveseenthefilm.They’retalkingaboutthefilm(that)I’veseen.ItwaswrittenbyLaoshe.Janehasborrowedthebook.JanehasborrowedthebookthatwaswrittenbyLaoshe.*先行词前有下列词语修饰时，定语从句必须用that引导。all,every,any,little,few,much,no,only,very,the+序数词,the+形容词最高级e.g.Thisisthecleanestpark

thatyoucanimagine.e.g.Hetalkedaboutthethingsandpersons

hehadvisitedinthecity.*在who或which引导的特殊疑问句中，限制性定语从句必须用that引导。that

e.g.Whoisthemanisstandingoverthere.thate.g.Thisistheonlybook

thathasbeenwritteninFrench.Doyouknowthedoctor?Hespokejustnow.

Doyouknowthedoctorwhospokejustnow?who指人,在从句中作主语,不可省略whom指人,在从句中作宾语,可省略。e.g.Doyouknowtheman

(whom)

wesawattheBeijingHotel?ThegirlisfromAmerica.Icalledherjustnow.Thegirl

(whom)Icalledjustnow

isfromAmerica.

*

whose指人或物，在从句中作定语。Thegirlgotfirst.Herfatherhadgivenusareport.Thegirlwhosefather

hadgivenusareportgotfirst.e.g.That’stheman.

Theman’shousewasburneddown.That’sthemanwhosehousewas

burneddown.Iliveinaroom.Theroom’swindowopenstothesouth.Iliveinaroom_whose______windowopenstothesouth.offer/sendcongratulationstosb.向某人祝贺congratulationstosb.onsth.祝贺某人某事aletterofcongratulation贺信congratulatesbon/uponsth/doingsth就某事向某人祝贺bepleasedtodo高兴做某事agroupof一组，一群，一帮，一团judgingfrom/by…从…来看judgesb/sthby/from…通过…判断judgesb/sthas/tobe…断定某人、物是…honoursbforsth…因…授予某人荣誉behonouredfor…因…获得荣誉honoursbwithsth…授予某人…inhonourof…为纪念…havethehonourtodo/doing荣幸地做某事

It’sanhonour(forsb)todo…做某事是荣幸的ateamofcyclists赛车队beknownfor因…而闻名

beknownas以…而闻名

raisemoney筹钱

disaster–hitareas受灾区

2.根据汉语提示补全下列短语（1）___nouse 无用的（2）___thetopof 在……顶部（3）refer__ 指……；参考……（4）put___ 搭起（5）aletter__invitation 一封邀请信（6）beproud___ 以……为骄傲（7）expressone’sthanks__ 向……表达谢意（8）beknown___ 以……而闻名ofattoupofoftoforI.根据所给汉语提示，用定语从句完成下列句子。Thisisthebestfilm________________ _____(我看过的).(that)Ihaveeverseen*先行词在从句中作表语时,限制性定语从句通常用that引导。(常可省略)e.g.Sheisnolongerthegirlthatshewasbeforeshewenttothecountry.Thatisthenewmachine.Thepartsofitaretoosmalltosee.That’sthemachinewhosepartsaretoosmalltosee.当先行词是one,ones,anybody,anyone,all,none,those等,指人时一般用who,不用that。Thosewhowanttogotothecinemawillhavetowaitatthegateoftheschool.

在以疑问词who开头的句子中,或关系代词在从句中作表语时,用that,不用who。Whoisthemanthatisshoutingthere?Sheisnotthegirlthatsheusedtobe.

先行词是人,从句中缺动词宾语或介词 宾语时,用whom或that(介词后不用 that)。Theteacherwantstoreturnthebooktothegirlfromwhomheborrowedit.

Heisthestudent(whom,who,that)youwanttosee.关系代词that,which,whom在从句中作宾语时可省略掉。但放在介词后面时则不可省略。2.Hehasadaughter_________________ ____________(在医院工作的).3.Thetree__________________________ ______________________(叶子变红了 的)isanoldone.who/thatworkswhoseleavesturnred/theinahospitalleavesofwhichturnredII.从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.Isthereanything_____Icandoforyou?which B.who C.whom D.thatD2.Ihaveseensomestrangetrees,_____openatsunriseandcloseatsunset.A.whichtheleavesB.whoseleavesC.whichleaves D.theirleaves3.All_____weneedisenoughrestafterlonghours’work.thething B.that C.what