+英语词汇在语境中的理解与表达的学习某省市市第三中学+

英语词汇在语境中的理解与表达的学习策略某省市第三中学

“Inasense,vocabularyismoreimportantthangrammarinlanguagelearning.Without

grammar

very

little

can

be

conveyed;without

vocabulary

nothing

can

be

conveyed.”

“没有语法，能表达的东西很少；没有词汇，则什么东西也无法表达。”——《语言学与语言教学》

——LinguisticsinLanguageTeaching,1972 Did.A.Wilkins

在语篇中，利用同义词、近义词，提升文本理解《普通高中英语课程标准（2017）》指出：学生要在特定的语境中，有效运用同义词、近义词、反义词，正确理解和确切表达比较复杂的主题意义和观点。Essentially,everyonehastwoages:achronological(按时间计算的)age,howoldthecalendarsaysyouare,andabiologicalage,basicallytheageatwhichyourbodyfunctionsasitparestoeragefitnessorhealthlevels.46.Biologicalagedependson______.A.whetherwecanadaptourselvestotheenvironmentB.howwellourbodyworksparedwithourpeersC.whenwestarttotakeoutdoorexerciseD.whatthecalendarsaysaboutourage2019年3月天津卷C篇Levineevenenteredherownnumbersintothealgorithm（算法）.Shewassurprisedbytheresults.“Ialwaysconsideredmyselfaveryhealthyperson.I’mphysicallyactive;IeatwhatIconsiderafairlyhealthydiet.ButIdidnotfindmyresultstobeasgoodasIhadhopedtheywouldbe.Itwasawake-upcall,”shesaid.49.WhatdoestheauthorwanttotellusbyLevine’sexampleinPara.5?A.Itisnecessarytochangeourdietregularly.B.Thetestresultsmaygiveuswronginformation.C.Wakingupearlyinthemorningisgoodforourfitness.D.Thealgorithmcanrevealourpotentialhealthproblems.2019年3月天津卷C篇SecurityandSafety CampusSecurityisailabletoassist24hours,7daysaweek.Ifyouseeanythingsuspicious,pleasecallCampusSecurityon0800863800. PleaseensurethatyouheyourowninsuranceforyourpersonalbelongingsasWaikatoAmodationServicestakesnoresponsibilityforanytheftordamagetopersonalbelongings.37Whatshouldyoudowhenyoususpectthatsomeoneisdestroyingschoolfacilities?A.Reporttotheinsurancepany.B.ContactCampusSecurity.C.Informtheassistantteacher.D.CallWaikatoAmodationServices.2019年3月天津卷A篇ActuallyideasdiscussedinHumanitiesclasses,whichareoccasionallydifferentfromwhatpeoplemonlybelieve,offerabroadperspective(视角).......Onlyseeingtheworldthroughasingleperspectiveleadstomissedlearning,missedfriendships,andmissedgrowth!Withabroaderperspective,wewillbemorefree,moreopen-minded,andlesslimitedinwhatwecanbe! 52.Accordingtotheauthor,whatisapossiblewaytogainabroadperspective?A.Makingmorefriendsandlearningfromthem.B.Exchangingideasinaphilosophyseminar.C.Openingyourmindtofuturepossibilities.D.Gettingtoknowthepopularopinionofsociety.（2019.3天津卷D）（2019年3月天津卷D篇）IfyouchooseamajorintheCollegeofHumanities,youwillbeneeded.Thejobmarketisquietlycreatingthousandsofopeningsaweekforpeoplewhocanbringahumanist’sgracetoourrapidlyevolvinghigh-techfuture.Yourskillswillbevaluabletoanyworkplaceyouhopetobein.Chaseafteryourdreammajorwithallyourenergy,nomatterwhatotherpeoplethink.54.TheauthorbelievesthejobmarketforHumanitiesgraduatesis______.A.recovering B.depressing C.promisingD.challenging（2019年3月天津卷D篇）Mostofusobservedmuchmoreaschildrenthanwedoasadults.Achild'sdayisfilledwithfascination,newnessandwonder.Curiositygeusallanaturalawareness.Butdistinctionsthatweresharptousaschildrenbeunclear;wearenumb(麻木的)tonewstimulation(刺激),newideas.Relearningtheartofseeingtheworldaroundusisquitesimple,althoughittakespracticeandrequiresbreakingsomebadhabits.51.AccordingtoParagraph2,paredwithadults,childrenaremore_______.A.anxioustodowondersB.sensitivetoothers’feelingsC.likelytodevelopunpleasanthabitsD.eagertoexploretheworldaroundthem（2018.6天津卷D篇）2018年6月天津卷D篇了解词汇的词根、词缀，掌握词性变化规律，跨越生词障碍转化法合成法派生法（根缀法）

......

构词法HousekeepingandMaintenanceHousekeepingstaffserviceallsharedareas.Residentsareresponsibleforkeepingtheirrooms,kitchensandshowerroomscleanandtidy.Maintenancestaffensurenecessaryrepairstofacilitiesaremade.Ifyourroomorothersharedareaneedsmaintenance,pleaseinformtheAmodationOffice.Maintenancestaffmayberequiredtoenteryourroomtotendtoamaintenancerequest—thiswillbeprearranged.38.Theresponsibilityofthemaintenancestaffincludes______.A.makingplansforAmodationOfficeB.monitoringtheuseofkitchenfacilitiesC.fixingabrokenwindowD.cleaningshowerrooms2019年3月天津卷A篇housekeepingn.家政，家务构词法名词+动名词=名词猜猜这些词的含义：weightliftingsight-seeingwindow-shoppingn.举重n.游览；观光n.浏览商店橱窗阅读下面句子，体会红色单词的含义。Hedoesn'theanyideaofhisown．Hejustparrotswhatotherpeoplesay．他没有自己的观点，只会鹦鹉学舌。Hisrefusalicedourenthusiasm．他的拒绝给我们的热情泼了冷水。Stopmotheringher，she's30yearsoldandcantakecareofherselfperfectlywell．别再溺爱她了，她已经30岁了，可以很好地照顾自己了。Theboatnoseditswaythroughthefog．船在雾中小心地前进。Housekeepingstaff

serviceallsharedareas.n.服务v.提供服务名词转化为动词en+形容词或名词=

动词“使……成某种状态”例如：ensure（保证，使……安全）enlarge（使……扩大，放大）enable（使……能够）enrich（使……富裕）endanger（使……遭危险）encourage（使……有勇气，鼓励）Maintenancestaffensurenecessaryrepairstofacilitiesaremade.ChoosingyourcourseTherearearangeofsubjectsandcoursesailable.Manyarework-related;othersareacademic.You’llneedtolookbeyondthecoursetitlebecausecourseswithalmostthesamenamemaydifferenormously.Forexample,ifyou’reinterestedinconstructionbutwishtouseyourcreativeskills,youmaybebettersuitedtoabuildingdesignmanagementcoursethanabuildingprojectmanagementcourse.36Youneedtolookbeyondthecoursetitlebecausecourseswithsimilarnamesmaybe

.A．creativity-focusedB．work-relatedC．fardifferentD．quitesimilar2018年3月天津卷A篇2018年3月天津卷A篇creativity-focusedself-educatedstate-ownedtask-basedhand-mademan-madeheart-feltsun-burnt构词法名词+过去分词=形容词adj.关注创造力的adj.自修的自学的adj.州立的国营的adj.基于任务的adj.手工的adj.人造的adj.衷心的；真诚的adj.晒黑的Holdingmybreath,Iunwillinglytookabite.Tomysurprise,thetofubeneaththefriedskinwaswarm,soft,andmouthwatering.Sincethen,wheneverIvisitedmygrandmother’shouse,Iwouldrushtothekitchenforthestinkytofuwithexcitement.41.Whydidstinkytofubetheauthor’sforitedish?A.Itwasrelatedtofamilytradition.B.Itturnedouttobequitedelicious.C.Grandmaencouragedhimtotryit.D.Hisappetiteforfoodhadincreased.（2019年3月天津卷B篇）2019年3月天津卷B篇apeace-lovingorganization一个爱好和平的组织anEnglish-speakingcountry一个说英语的国家earth－shakingchanges翻天覆地的变化构词法名词+Ving=形容词Iwasreadytopayformybananasatthegroceryonenight,whenfearseizedme.Mywalletwasgone.IcouldonlyheleftitontheG9bus,whichwasnowspeedinginthedarktosomeunknownstation.The17momentwasquicklyfollowedbymentalmath.Howmuchtimeandmoneywoulditcosttoreplacethe

content

ofthatlittlewallet?Thecreditcards,thedriver’slicense,thecash,alllosttothebus.17.A.face-sing B.brain-washingC.eye-catchingD.heart-stopping

（2019.6天津卷完型填空）face-singadj.保全面子的;brain-washingn.v.洗脑eye-catchingadj.引人注目的；耀眼的；显著的heart-stopping

adj.惊心动魄的；令人心悸的Mostpeoplearen'tgoodatcreativeproblemsolvingfortworeasons:(1)Theyarenottrainedinhowtobecreative.(2)Theydon'tunderstandgroupstrengthwellenoughtoharness（驾驭）theirpowertomaximizegroupcreativity.maximum+ize=toincreasesthasmuchaspossible后缀-ize（-ise）可以加在名词或形容词的后面构成动词，表示"照……样子做"、"按……方式处理"、"使成为……"、"变成……状态"、"……化"的意思。2018年3月天津卷D篇形容词/名词+-ize（-ise）=动词

modernadj.现代的→modernizev.现代化globaladj.全球的→globalize

v.全球化civiladj.文明的→civilizev.使文明，变为文明international

adj.国际的→internationalizev.国际化systemn.系统→systemizev.系统化apologyn.歉意

→apologizev.道歉FireExtinguishersFireextinguishersarelocatedoneachfloorandineachapartment.Useafireextinguisheronlyifyouhebeentrainedtodoso.Irresponsibleuseofafireextinguishercancreateadangeroussituationforotherresidentsandcouldresultindamagetopersonalproperty.Misuseofafireextinguisherwillresultinfines.（2018年6月A篇）Fireextinguisher灭火器动词+

er/or=名词表示人/物品countern.柜台；筹码；计数器calculatorn.计算器cookern.炉具drawern.抽屉processorn.加工者；处理器remindern.提醒物；提示；催单thrillern.惊险小说；惊悚片后缀-ous形容词deliciousadj.美味的obviousadj.明显的variousadj.各种各样的continuousadj.连续的humorousadj.幽默的前缀mis-+动词=动词/名词（表示“错误，坏的”）misleadv.误导；misreportv.误报；misspellv.拼写错；misspendv.挥霍（时间，金钱）；mistreatv.虐待；misunderstandv.误解；misfortune   n. 不幸mistake    n. 错误 v.犯错，误会

前缀ir-+形容词=反义形容词（表示“不、无”）irregularadj. 不规则的irresistableadj. 不可抵抗的irrelevantadj.无关紧要的;不相关的;irrelative  adj. 无关系的irremovable adj. 无法某著名企业的  一词多义、熟词生义，根据上下文在语境中理解正确含义InthesummerbeforeIenteredmiddleschool,IreadthebookTheyCagetheAnimalsatNight.It’sastoryabout......It’safascinatingbook,butlittledidIknowhowitwould16mylifeandthelivesofothers.Oneday,asIlookedacrossmyroomatthepileofstuffedanimals,a(n)ideacametome.IwouldcollectstuffedanimalsforchildrenlikeJennings.Immediately,Icontactedagenciesthatsupportthosechildrenandtheysaidthestuffedanimalswouldcertainly20children’sspirits.16.A.touch B.risk

C.lead D.se20.A.capture B.reflect C.lift D.recordtouch熟悉义：触摸文中义：影响lift熟悉义：抬起文中义：提升（士气），振奋（精神）

（2019天津完形填空）Forseveralweeks,theydistributedhundredsofadvertisingleafletsthroughoutthemunity;theypublishedherpictureonsocialmediachannelsandFacebookgroups;concernedlocalcitizenshelpedthem24thecountryside---buttheystillcouldn’tfindKatie.24.A.contact B.identify C.explore D.bb熟悉义：梳理文中义：彻底搜查Thepolicehebedthecityforthemurderer.警某省市到处搜查凶手。

......Well,Idon’tknowyouallbutIwillgettheretotakepictureswiththebaby,＂repliedDennisbeforeaskingwhichroomthenewparentswerein.Muchtothefamily’ssurprise,Dennisstucktohispromise!Heturnedupatthehospital___53giftsforthenewmotherLindseyandherbabyboy.53.A.bearing B.collecting C.opening D.making(2018全国Ⅲ卷完形填空)bear熟悉义：熊文中义：担负，带着

bear熟义：n.熊生义：v.生育，结果womenofbearingage育龄妇女

Thetreedoesn’tbearanyfruits.这棵树不结果。Ourcafeoffersapletemenuoflunchandsnackoptionsinadditiontoseasonalspecials.ThecafeislocatedupstairsinBuildingIandisopendailyuntilonehourbeforePacificScienceCentercloses.special熟悉义：adj.特殊的文中义：n.特色菜

(2017年全国Ⅰ卷)A篇Iexaminedthechick(雏鸟)anditseemedfine.IfIcouldlocatethenest,Imighthebeenabletoputitback,butnoluck.Mynextworkwastoconstructanestandanchoritinatree.anchor熟悉义：铁锚文中义：把......固定住Ianchoredmyhopeonyourhelp.我寄希望于你的帮助。2017全国Ⅰ卷阅读B篇Ilastsawhimafewmonthsago.He’dbeeninandoutofthehospital.HeandIbothknewwhatthedealwas,andwedidn’ttalkaboutit.Ourswasarelationshipthatdidn’tneedalotofwords.(2017全国Ⅱ卷)deal熟悉义：n.交易；v.处理应付文中义：n.事情

2017全国Ⅱ卷阅读Thegovernmentspentnearly30yearsingupwithaplantoreintroducethewolves.TheU.S.FishandWildlifeServicecarefullymonitorsandmanagesthewolfpacksinYellowstone.monitor熟悉义：n.班长文中义：v.监视

pack熟悉义：一包，包裹文中义：（狼）群

(2017全国Ⅲ卷)C篇Bradfordsoldthebuildingandlandtoalocaldevelopmentfirm,whichplanstobuildashoppingplexonthelandwherethetheaterislocated.plex熟悉义：adj.复杂的文中义：n.商业综合体

(2017全国Ⅲ卷)B篇RosaParks(1913-2005)OnDecember1,1955,inMontgomery,Alabama,RosaParkswouldnotgiveupherseatonabustoapassenger.HersimpleactlandedParksinprison.ButitalsosetofftheMontgomerybusboycott.Itlastedformorethanayear,andkickedoffthecivil-rightsmovement.“TheonlytiredIwas,wastiredofgivingin,”saidParks.kickoff熟悉义：踢掉，踢开文中义：开始，拉开序幕

(2016全国Ⅰ卷)A篇Throughtheyears,I’drunintoformerstudentswhowouldprovide51onoldclassmates.IlearnedthatFreddydidseveraljobsafterhisgraduatefromhighschoolandremainedthesamecaringpersonImetfortyyearsbefore.51.A.assessmentsB.mentsC.instructionsD.updatesupdate熟悉义：v.更新文中义：n.最新的信息和情况

(2017全国II卷)完形填空Ihe42hourstocarrystemcells（干细胞）inmylittleboxbecauseI'vegottwoicepacksandthat'showlongtheylast.

Inall,fromthetimethestemcellsareharvestedfromadonor(捐献者)tothetimetheycanbeimplantedinthepatient,we’vegot72hoursatmost,SoIamalwaysconsciousoftime.harvest熟悉义：v.收割，收获文中义：v.采集（干细胞）

(2016全国Ⅰ卷)C篇积累语块，提高表达信息和观点的准确性和丰富性。ImissmyEnglishteacherverymuch,whoisexcellentandinfluential.我很想念我的，他很优秀，对我有很大的影响。IhebeenmissingourEnglishteacher,whoseunusualcastofmind,wideandvariedknowledge,togetherwithasingularpersonalcharm,binedto

exertastronginfluenceonme.acastofmind性情、气质wideandvariedknowledge广博多样的知识asingularpersonalcharm独特的个人魅力

exertastronginfluenceon....对...施加影响1.我们将和外国学生座谈，聊聊学校生活和文化差异。Wewillheadiscussionaboutthecampuslifeandthedifferencesinculture.Therewillbeacasualdiscussion(漫谈座谈)forstudents,inwhichtheAmericanstudentsandourChinesestudentscanexchangeideaswitheachotheraboutvarioustopics,rangingfromthecampuslifetotheculturaldifferences.2.我们请你们吃中国的饺子和面条。WewillofferyousomeChinesefoodsuchasjiaoziandnoodles.InordertohelpthestudentstogetabetterunderstandingofChineseculture,sometraditionalChinesedisheswillbepreparedforyousuchasjiaoziandnoodles.3.英语竞赛很重要，对我们的英语学习有帮助。TheEnglishpetitionisveryimportant,becauseitcanhelpuslearnEnglishwell.TheEnglishpetitionhasplayedanimportantroleinimprovingourEnglishlearning.

2019-03天津卷第二节：书面表达（满分25分）61.假设你是晨光中学的学生。为配合学校的“读书月”活动，你校英语社团的sRead”为题的征文活动。要求同学们根据个人的阅读体会，从所读过的书籍中选定一种类型，推荐给其他同学。现请你投稿，文章内容应包括： （1）推荐书籍的类型及特点； （2）推荐的理由。参考词汇： 科幻小说sciencefiction 侦探小说detectivenovel

魔幻小说fantasy

传记文学biography

科普读物popularscience我们来尝试谈论科普读物吧！mypersonalopinionson......asisknowntoallplayamoreandmoreimportantroledeveopleatastefor......thereasonwhy......isthat.....providesbwithsth/offersbsthbeofgreatvalue/help我个人的观点众所发挥越来越重要的作用培养......的兴趣......的原因是......给某人提供......有很大价值/帮助relatedtobroadenourhorizonmakeupforenrichourknowledgecultivateourmindcopewithproblemswithanobjectiveattitudelayasolidfoundationon相关开阔眼界弥补丰富我们的知识塑造我们的思想应对问题以客观的态度打下坚实的基础mypersonalopinionson......我个人的观点asisknowntoall众所playamoreandmoreimportantrole发挥越来越重要的作用deveopleatastefor培养...的兴趣thereasonwhy......isthat........的原因是...providesthforsb/providesbwithsth/offersbsth给某人提供......ofgreatvalue/help有很大价值/帮助relatedto相关broadenourhorizon开阔眼界makeupfor弥补enrichourknowledge丰富我们的知识cultivateourmind塑造我们的思想copewithproblems应对问题withanobjectiveattitude以客观的态度layasolidfoundationon打下坚实的基础Notonlycanitbroadenourhorizon,makingupforwhatwecan’tlearnatschool,