EFPIA-2026年气候变化白皮书-2026 White Paper on Climate Change

2026WhitePaperonClimateChange

2

ExecutiveSummary

Theresearch-drivenpharmaceuticalindustry,representedbytheEuropeanFederationof

PharmaceuticalIndustriesandAssociations(EFPIA),strivestoimprovehumanhealthandwellbeing.Asclimatechangeposesasignificantthreattohumanhealth,itisessentialtounderstandthe

relationshipbetweenpeople,healthandtheenvironment.

ThemissionofEFPIAistocreateacollaborativeenvironmentthatenablesmembercompaniestoinnovate,

discover,develop,anddelivernewtherapiesandvaccinesforpeopleacrossEurope.Theyplayarolein

fosteringinnovationandcollaborationfortheirmembercompaniestoimprovehealthoutcomeswhilereducingenvironmentalimpactacrossthepharmaceuticalvaluechain1.ThiswhitepaperoutlinesthecommitmentsandactionstakenbyEFPIAmembercompaniesinrecentyearstodecarbonisepharmaceutical

operationsinEurope.Itisacontinuumofpreviouspublicationsin20202and20223investigatingandinformingonindustryactionstomitigateclimatechange.

Althoughthepharmaceuticalindustryisnotamongthehighest-emittingsectors4,theirmanufacturingand

complexsupplychainsarecontributorstogreenhousegasemissions.Changesinproductdesign,supplychainsandmanufacturingprocessesandhealthcaredeliverycansignificantlyreducethecarbonfootprintofmedicinalgoodsevenwithinstrictregulatoryconstraintsonregistration,processing,packaging,andwastetreatment.

Outcomeofthe2025ClimateSurveyofEFPIAMemberCompaniesinanutshell:

EFPIAmembersdemonstrateaclearandacceleratingcommitmenttoclimateaction,reflectedingrowingparticipationandmeasurableprogressacrossemissionsreduction,target-settingandtransparency.Between2019and2024,companiesachievedsignificantreductionsin

Scope1and2emissionswithaverageemissionsintensitydecliningbyaround43%,driveninparticularbyarapidshifttorenewableelectricity.AmajorityofcompaniesalsoreducedtheirScope3emissions,withabout60%reportingdecreasesthataveraged17%(range:

4-34%),despiteongoingmethodologicalchallengessuchasthecollectionofrobustsupplierdata.Net-zerocommitmentsareontherisewithmostcompaniessettingtargetsalignedtotheScience-BasedTargetsinitiativeandanincreasingsharehavingcomprehensiveshort-andlong-termcommitmentsacrossallemissionscopes.Atthesametime,thematurityinproductcarbonfootprinting,life-cycleassessmentandclimateriskanalysisisincreasing,supportedbywidespreadadoptionofrecognisedESGframeworksandproactivealignmentwithemergingEUreportingrequirements.Together,thesetrendsunderlineboththesector’stangible

progressinreducingitsclimateimpactandthecontinuedneedforcollaboration,betterdataandsystemicsolutions,particularlyforScope3emissions.

1

https://www.efpia.eu/news-events/the-efpia-view/statements-press-releases/clear-steps-toward-a-greener-future-pharmaceutical-sector

-s-environmental-sustainability-statement/#:~:text=EFPIA%20and%20its%20members%20recognise,suppliers%20to%20do%20the%20same.

2

https://www.efpia.eu/media/sydk5acr/white-paper-on-climate-change.pdf-EFPIAWhite

PaperonClimateChange,EFPIA(2020)

3

https://www.efpia.eu/media/gtbncsjc/survey.pdf-EFPIAsurveyon

climatechange,EFPIA(2022)

4FTSE4Good(FTSERussell)classifiesthepharmaceuticalindustryasanintermediateormedium-impactsectorforenvironmentalimpact,ratherthanahigh-impactemitter

3

EFPIAencouragesinnovationthathelpsmembercompaniesreducegreenhousegasemissions

(e.g.carbondioxide,methane,nitrousoxide,

hydrofluorocarbonsandperfluorocarbons2)acrossthevaluechainincludingstrategieswhichaddressupstreamScope3emissionsviastrongsupplierengagement

andcollaboration.Tofullyunlocktheseopportunities,industryandregulatorsmustworktogethertodevelopregulatoryframeworksthatsupportinnovationand

enablesustainabilityimprovementsacrossthefull

productlifecycle,includingforlegacymedicineswherechangeisoftenmostconstrainedbutsystem-wide

impactcanbegreatest.

Ourmembercompanies’climateprogressisdrivenbyinitiativessuchasenergy-efficiencyimprovements(includingHVACoptimisation,heatrecovery,

heatpumpsandISO50001systems),increased

renewable-electricitysourcing(throughPPAs,VPPAs,on-sitesolarandcertifiedrenewablecontracts)and

renewable-energyadoption,fleetdecarbonisation

throughhybridandelectricvehicles,transitiontonextgenerationpMDIpropellant,enhancedrefrigerant

managementtoreducehigh-GWPemissions,

strengthenedsupplierengagementtoencourage

SBTi-alignedtargets,andraw-materialdecarbonisationthroughlower-carbonandmorecircularmaterial

choices.Inaddition,theyarestartingtoimplementcirculareconomyapproachessuchaseliminationandreductionofmaterials,maximisingre-useandrecycling.Decarbonisationeffortsrequireholisticevaluationtoavoidunintendednatureandsocial(humanrightsandlabour)impacts.

EFPIAsupportstheadoptionof“PAS2090:2025,Pharmaceuticalproducts–Product

categoryrulesforenvironmentallifecycleassessments5”thefirstpubliclyavailablespecificationtoestablishaunifiedapproachtoProductCategoryRules(PCR)for

conductingLCAs6inourindustryaswellastoharmonizethemethodsforconductingProductCarbonFootprints(PCFs)ofpharmaceuticalproducts.

Deliveringcontinuedemissionsreductionswillrequirecross-sectorcollaborationand

engagementwithsuppliersandvalue-chainpartners,inlinewithEFPIA’scommitmentstoscience-baseddecarbonisationpathwaysandacceleratedecarbonisation.

Establishandfurtherdevelopclimatepoliciesbasedonmaterialityandimpactforindividualcompanies,whilstaddressingtheirentirevaluechains

Annuallyandpubliclydiscloseprogresstowardsco2ereductiontargetsusingrecognisedmethodologies,andverifiedbythirdparties

Setreductiontargetsbasedonscience

Increasetheshareofrenewableenergyattheirfacilitiesandalongtheglobalvaluechains

ThisWhitePaper

highlightsthe

commitmentmadeby

EFPIAcompaniesto:

Increasedenergyefficiencyandcontributetoreducedenergyconsumption

5

https://www.efpia.eu/news-events/the-efpia-view/efpia-news/advancing-environmental-sustainability-assessment-of-pharmaceuticals

-through-standardisation-and-harmonisation-of-product-carbon-footprint-assessment/-AdvancingEnvironmentalSustainabilityAssessmentofPharmaceuticalsthroughStandardisationandHarmonisationofProductCarbonFootprintAssessment,EFPIA(2025)

6LCAisagloballyrecognisedmethodforevaluatingenvironmentalimpacts,includingthecarbonfootprint,acrossaproduct’slifecycle[ISO14044:2006]-

/standard/38498.html#:

~:text=ISO%2014044%3A2006%20specifies%20requirements%20and%20provides%20guidelines%20for,for%20use%20of%20value%20choices%20and%20optional%20elements.

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1.TheClimateChangeContext

Globalclimatescience&healthimpact

Anthropogenicclimatechange,asdefinedbytheUnitedNations’FrameworkConventiononClimateChange(UNFCCC),isattributeddirectlytohumanactivitiesthatemitgreenhousegasesalteringthecompositionoftheglobalatmospherebeyondnaturalclimatevariabilityobservedovercomparabletimeperiods7.

Since1988,findingsoftheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange(IPCC)consistentlyindicate

thatclimatechangeisincreasinglyimpactingtheEarth’sphysical,biological,andhumansystems8,with

consequencesbecomingmoresevere,interconnectedandwidespread.Atthesametime,climatechangeis

closelylinkedtotheacceleratingbiodiversityandpollutioncrises,underscoringtheneedformitigationactionsthatavoidunintendedimpactsonnature.

AccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO),climatechangeisamongthegreatesthealthrisksofthe

21stcentury.Theorganizationwarnsthatithasthepotentialtoaffecthumanhealthinmultipleways:climatechangeinfluenceshealthbothdirectly(e.g.,heatwaves,undernutrition)andindirectlybyalteringinfectious

diseasepatterns(geographicdistributionandseasonality),raisingthefrequencyandintensityofextreme

weatherevents,drivingfoodinsecuritythroughthedisruptionoffoodproductionsystems,andworsening

respiratorydiseasesduetodecliningairquality.WHOestimatesthatoneineveryfourprematuredeaths

todayisduetoenvironmentalfactors9.The2025LancetCountdownreport10furtherconfirmsworsening

healthrisksacross13of20monitoredimpactindicators,withmillionsofpreventabledeathslinkedtofossil

fueldependenceandinadequateadaptation.Thesefindingsmakeclearthatourpersonalhealthdepends

onplanetaryhealthandthaturgentclimateactionisrequiredacrossallsectors,includinghealthcareand

pharmaceuticals.Concerningly,globaltemperaturesfrom2023-2025averagedmorethan1.5°Cabovethepre-industriallevel(1850–1900)11.

InternationalCommitments

TherecentCOP309introducedtheBelémHealthActionPlan10,emphasizingdecarbonizationofhealthsystems,includingpharmaceuticalproductionanddistribution,andcallingforgreentechnologicalinnovation.These

effortsbuildonpreviousglobalpledgestoalignwiththeParisAgreementandlimitglobalwarmingtowellbelow2°C,preferably1.5°Ccomparedtopre-industriallevels.

7Article1oftheUnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChange(UNFCCC)

8

https://www.ipcc.ch/publication/-Publications

—IPCC,IntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange(IPCC)

9UnitedNationsClimateChangeConference(UNFCCCCOP30),Belém,Brazil,10-21November2025

10

/publications/m/item/the-belem-health-action-plan-for-the-adaptation-of-the-health-sector-to-climate-change/-The

Belémhealthactionplanfortheadaptationofthehealthsectortoclimatechange,WorldHealthOrganization,(2025)

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EUPolicyContext&PharmaImplications

Since2022,theEuropeanclimatepolicyframeworkhasprogressedfrombroadcommitmentstoward

moreconcrete,implementation-focusedmeasures.TheEUGreenDeal,nowfurtheroperationalised

throughinitiativessuchastheCleanIndustrialDeal,signalsasharperemphasisonindustrialdecarbonisation,competitiveness,and“doingmorewithless.”ThisdirectionisreinforcedbycomplementaryinitiativesincludingtheNet-

ZeroIndustryAct,theCircularEconomyAction

Plan,andtheEcodesignforSustainableProducts

Regulation,whichcollectivelypromotelifecycle-basedsustainability,cleanermanufacturing,andmore

efficientuseofmaterialsacrossindustrialsectors.

In2025,theEuropeanCommissionadoptedthe

OmnibusPackage1toreduceadministrativeburdensthroughharmonizationandsimplificationwith

thegoaltostrengthenEUcompetitivenesswhile

remainingcommittedtoclimateaction.ThispackageadjustedtheCorporateSustainabilityReporting

Directive(CSRD)andtheCorporateSustainabilityDueDiligenceDirective(CSDDD)foramoreproportionateapproachtovaluechainreporting.Bytheendof

2025,thesepolicychangesledtomorefocused

reportingexpectationsandreinforcedsustainability

criteriainpublicprocurementacrosssectors,includinghealthcare.

WhilepharmaceuticalmanufacturingisnotamongEurope’shighest-emittingsectorssuchasenergyandtransport11,itnonethelessrepresentsarelevantandincreasinglyvisibleleverforclimateaction-carbon

productandprocessstrategies,andisincreasinglyexpectedtogenerategranular,high-quality

environmentaldatatomeetCSRD-alignedexpectationsacrossvaluechains.

11

/regions/europe/emissions-Europe

–Countries&Regions-IEA,“CO2eemissionsbysector,Europe”,UNFCCC/EEA,(2023)

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2.OurFocus

Stakeholdercollaborationdrivingclimateaction

Climateactioninhealthcarerequiressystemicchangethatgoesbeyondthecapabilitiesofindividualcompanies.

Addressingsector-wideemissions,supply-chaindependencies,andupstreamdatagaps

demandscoordinatedapproachesthatharmonisestandardsandaccelerate

innovationacrosstheentirevaluechain.

Keyvaluechaincollaborativeinitiatives

Company-driveninitiativesemergingfromrecent

UnitedNationsClimateChangeConferencescontinuetodemonstratetheimportanceofpartnership

inacceleratingdecarbonization.Acrossthese

conferences,sevenpharmaceuticalmanufacturers

workingundertheSustainableMarketsInitiative–

HealthSystemsTaskforce(SMI-HSTF)announceda

jointcommitmenttoadvancethedecarbonization

ofglobalhealthsystems12.Thegroupdemonstratedstrongcollectiveambitionthroughcommitmentsoncommonsupplierstandards,emissionsmeasurementforclinicaltrials,harmonisedproduct-levellife-cycle

assessments,jointpowerpurchasinginfossil-intensivegrids,andthedevelopmentofgreentransportation

corridors.

ThismomentumbuildsoninitiativesintroducedatearlierconferencessuchastheEnergizeprogram13,whichannounceditsfirstcohortpowerpurchasingagreementtoacceleraterenewableenergyadoption

amongstsupplierstopharmaceuticalcompanies.

AttheEuropeanscale,collaborationcontinues

throughinitiativessuchasLCA-SMI,andInnovative

HealthInitiative14(IHI)supportedprojects,including

PHARMECO15,aninitiativedesignedtohelptohelp

industrytransitiontomoresustainablepharmaceuticalmanufacturingpracticesbyintegrating

environmentally-friendliertechnologies,processes

andstandardizedsustainabilityassessmentmethods,andENKORE16,aEuropeaninitiativededicated

toacceleratingcircular,safe,andsustainable

eco-designedsolutionsforsingle-usemedicaldevicesandhealthcarepackaging.

CollaborationwithinthePharmaceuticalSupply

ChainInitiative(PSCI)furtherreinforcestheseefforts.PSCIbringstogetherpharmaceuticalcompaniesandsuppliersupstreaminthepharmavaluechainaroundacommonvisionofadvancingresponsiblesupply

chainpracticesandimprovingsocial,environmental,health,andsafetyoutcomesacrossthesector.

Throughsharedprinciplesforresponsiblesupply

chainmanagementandpeerlearning,theinitiativecontributestogreaterconsistencyandresilienceinsupplychainsustainabilityperformance.

12

/taskforces/health-systems-taskforce/-Health

Systemstaskforce|SustainableMarketsInitiative

13

/ui/program/Energize-Energize

program

14

https://www.ihi.europa.eu/-IHI

InnovativeHealthInitiative

15

https://pharmeco.eu/-PHARMECO

16

https://enkoreecohealthcare.eu/-ENKORE

7

withcase-studies,providinganevidence-based

viewofsector-wideclimateactionandtakespride

inplayingaconveningrole,co-creatingsolutions

withmembercompanies,suppliers,encouraging

high-qualityenvironmentaldata,andpromoting

transparentreportingpracticesacrossthevaluechain.

EFPIAiscommittedto

1)fosteringcollaborationtodeliverdecarbonisationacrossthepharmaceuticalvaluechain,

2)supportingthedevelopmentofharmonised,science-basedmethodologiestoassess

environmentalimpactsand

3)tomonitoringandsharingmemberprogress

throughregularsurveysandwhitepaperswith

casestudiestoprovideanevidence-basedviewofsectorwideclimateaction.

ButEFPIAknowsthereismorethatneedsto

bedone.Membercompanieswillcontinuetotakesignificantactionstoaddressclimatechange,and

globalplanetaryhealth,whileenablingthetransitiontowardsalowcarboneconomy.Inatimeofcomplexchallenges,thegreenagendaremainsapriority.

Throughcollaborationwecanmoveindustryforwardtoprotectbothpatientsandtheplanet.

TheroleofEFPIA

EFPIAremainscommittedtofosteringcollaboration

acrossthepharmaceuticalvaluechain,supporting

harmonised,science-basedapproachestoproduct-levelcarbonfootprintingandlife-cycleassessments(LCAs).

EFPIAamplifiesmemberperspectiveson

environmentaltopics.Anexampleisthe

environmentalfootprintofpatientinformation

leaflets17andthetransitionfrompapertoelectronic

productinformation.18Evidenceshowsthatelectronicpatientinformation(ePI)cansignificantlyreduce

materialuse,wastegeneration,andlifecycle

greenhousegasemissionscomparedtotraditional

paperpackageleaflets,whilemaintaininghigh

standardsofpatientinformationandaccessibility.

EFPIAthereforesupportsaphasedandharmonised

transitiontowardsePIacrossEurope,asoutlinedin

its2025positionpapers,enablingsustainabilitygainsalongsideregulatorycertainty,patientsafety,and

equitableaccesstoinformation,whilerecognisingtheneedforinclusiveimplementationthataccommodatesdifferentpatientneedsanddigitalreadiness.

EFPIAcontinuestomonitorandsynthesisememberprogressthroughregularsurveysandwhitepapers

17HowapaperPILcomparestoanelectronicPIL(ePI),SrimanBanerjee,EFPIAGuestBlog(2025)Environmentalfootprintofpatientinformationleaflets(PIL)-HowapaperPILcomparestoanelectronicPIL(ePI)(GuestBlog)

18Phasinginofelectronicproductinformationandphasingoutofthepaperpackageleaflet,PositionPapersonElectronicProductInformation(ePI),EFPIA(2025),iatf-position-papers-on-epi.pdf

8

2.OurFocus

Outcomeofthe2025ClimateSurveyofEFPIAMemberCompanies

ParticipationsignalsgrowingcommitmentacrossEuropeanpharma

Surveyparticipationrosefrom18companiesin2020to28in2025,reflectingthesector’sincreasingfocusonclimateaction.

YearSurveyparticipants

2020AbbVie,AstraZeneca,Bayer,Biogen,Chiesi,GSK,Ipsen,J&J,Lundbeck,Merck,MSD,Novartis,NovoNordisk,Pfizer,Roche,Sanofi,Takeda,UCB

2022

AbbVie,Amgen,AstraZeneca,Bayer,BoehringerIngelheim,BristolMyersSquibb(BMS),Chiesi,GSK,Ipsen,J&J,LEOPharma,EliLilly,Lundbeck,MerckKGaA,MSD,Novartis,NovoNordisk,Pfizer,Roche,Sanofi,Servier,Takeda,UCB

2025Abbvie,Amgen,AstraZeneca,Bayer,Bial,Biogen,BoehringerIngelheim,BristolMyersSquibb(BMS),Chiesi,EliLilly,GSK,Gilead,Ipsen,J&J,LEOPharma,Lundbeck,Menarini,MerckKGaA,MSD,Novartis,NovoNordisk,Pfizer,Roche,Sanofi,Servier,Takeda,Teva,UCB

Significantemissionsreductionswereachieved(2019–2024)

Between2019and2024,Scope1emissionsofsurveyedEFPIACompanieswentdown16%onaverage;3

companiescutbyhalf,4byathird.Scope2emissionsdown64%onaverage,drivenbyrenewableenergy

adoption.Scope3emissionswerereducedfor~60%ofmembers,averaginga17%decreasefrom2019until2024(range:4–34%).Thesurveyrespondentswerereferringtodatafromtheircompanies’previousyears.

Scope1asashareoftotalScope1and2rosefrom56%in2019to70%in2024,indicatingthatScope

2emissionshavedecreasedmorerapidlythanScope1emissionsoverthisperiod.Thisisconsistentwith

sector-widetrends,whereelectricity-relatedemissionsareofteneasiertodecarbonizethandirectemissions,andsuggeststhatfurtherdecarbonizationeffortsincreasinglyneedtotargetScope1sourcestofurther

acceleratetheelectrificationofthesector.

PharmaceuticalsemissionsintensityScope1and2market-based(2019-2024)

50

Scope1&2emissions/

revenue(tCO2/mnEUR)

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

ACLNRUVWZAAABBEFGHIKMOPQSTXYEachletterrepresentsananonymisedsurveyrespondent

201920202021202220232024

9

PharmaceuticalsemissionsintensityScope1and2market-based(2019-2024)

Between2019and2024,allEFPIAcompanieswith

completedatasetsachievedreductionsintheir

combinedScope1andScope2emissionsintensity.

Overthisperiod,averageemissionsintensity

declinedbyapproximately43%,fallingfrom21t

CO2e/mEURin2019to9tCO2e/mEURin2024.A

counterfactualDo-Nothingscenarioindicatesthat

emissionsintensitywouldhavedecreasedbyonly

around17%inthesametimeframe.Thiscomparisonunderscoresthatmorethanhalfoftheobserved

improvementcanbeattributedtoactivemitigation

measuresadoptedbycompanies.Inmostcases,

market-basedemissionsintensitiesarelowerthan

location-basedfigures,demonstratingthatcompaniesareprocuringelectricitywithacleaneremissions

profilethanthegridaverage,primarilythrough

contractualinstrumentssuchasrenewablepower

purchaseagreementsandcertificates.By2025,

aroundthree-quartersofcompanieswithfulldata

areprojectedtoachievenear-zeromarket-based

Scope2emissions,reflectingthesignificantuptakeofrenewableelectricity.Twocompanieshavealso

demonstratedearlyprogressonScope1mitigation,reducingtheirdirectemissionsbyroughlyhalfovertheperiod.Asmarket-basedScope2emissions

approachzeroforanincreasingshareoftheindustry,Scope1sourcesareexpectedtobecomeacentral

focusofthenextphaseofdecarbonizationefforts.

Net-Zeromomentumaccelerates,guidedbyScience-BasedTargets

LowHigh

In2025,over2/3ofsurveyedEFPIAcompanieshadcommittedtoachievingNet-Zero,with90%aligningtheirtargetstotheScienceBasedTargets

initiative(SBTi)guidelines.

Thismarksa7-pointincreasefrom2020,when61%ofcompaniesreportedaNet-Zeroclimate

commitment.Long-termclimatetargetshave

alsostrengthened.75%ofcompaniesnowhavecomprehensivetargetscoveringScope1,2,and3emissions(2025).Thistrendhighlightsagrowingcommitmenttolastingclimateimpactacrossthesector.

Short-termactionalsogainstraction

2025

75%

2022

60%

2020

55%

Scope1-2short-termtargetgrowth,2020-2025

Short-termScope1&2targets,correspondingto

emission-reductiongoalsforthenext5–10years,rosefrom55%(2020)to75%(2025).

2022

45%

57%

2025

Scope3short-termtargetgrowth,2022-2025

Scope3targetsincreasedfrom45%(2022)to57%(2025),showingcommitmenttorapidprogress.

Thisupwardtrenddemonstratesagrowing

commitmenttorapid,measurableprogressonclimategoalsasshort-termclimatetargetssignalimmediateactionandreflecttheurgencyofmitigationand

adaptation.

ThemostcommoninitiativescontributingtoprogresstowardsthesegoalswereEnergyefficiency(HVAC

optimization,heatrecovery,heatpumps,ISO

50001systems),Fleetdecarbonisation(Transitiontohybrid/electricvehicles),Refrigerantmanagement

(Switchtolow-GWPrefrigerants,improveleak

prevention),Supplierengagement(RequireSBTi

targetsandrenewableenergyadoption),Raw

materialdecarbonisation(Sourcelower-carbon

materials,promotecircularity)andaclearshifttowardrenewableenergyadoption.

10

Renewable-electricityshare1(%)

63

30

20

0

201920202021202220232024

EvolutionofEFPIAcompanies19’weightedaverageshareofelectricityfromrenewablesources(purchasedand

generated)

Scope3remainsachallenge

Renewableelectricityconsumptiontripledinfive

years.By2025,71%ofEFPIAmembershadshort-termrenewableenergytargets,and50%hadlong-termtargets.ThemostcommonambitionamongstEFPIAcompaniesis100%renewableelectricity

acrossoperationsandtheirtargetyearsvaryfrom2020(achieved)to2040with2030beingthe

mostcommonmilestone.Theswitchtorenewable

electricityisachievedthroughPPAs,VPPAs,EACs,andon-sitegeneration(solar).RE100membershipisalsoarecurringtheme.

About60%ofmembersreducedScope3emissions,averaging17%decrease(range:4–34%).Thisreflectsthefactthatthesecompanieshaveinherentlydifferentoperationalprofilescomparedtothosefocusedsolelyon

pharmaceuticalproduction.ThemajorityofrespondentsconsistentlyincludeCategories1–7(Purchasedgoodsandservices,Capitalgoods,Fuelandenergy-relatedactivities,Upstreamtransportation,Waste,Businesstravel,Employeecommuting);Category9(Downstreamtransportation),12(End-of-lifetreatmentofsoldproducts)

and15(Investments)arealsocommon;Categories8(Upstreamleasedassets),10(Processingofsoldproducts),11(Useofsoldproducts),13(Downstreamleasedassets),14(Franchises)arelesscommonandoftenonly

includedinlateryearsorbyspecificcompanies.

Scope3Emissions(2019-2024)

Scope3emissions(ktCO2e)

16000

14000

12000

10000

8000

6000

4000

2000

0

ACLNRUVWZAAABBDEFGJHKIMOPQSTYX

201920202021202220232024

2019-2024evolutionofScope3emissionsinktCO2eforanonymizedEFPIAcompanies

Mostcompaniesrelyonspend-basedmethods,

highlightingtheneedforbetterprimarydata.14%useadvancedmethodsfor>50%ofScope3,whichshowsindustrymovementtowardhigheraccuracy,supplychainsupplierengagementandactivity-baseddata.

Otherelementsreferencedbysurveyparticipants

pointtoanindustry-wideambitiontoimprovedataqualityandadvancesupplier-specificmethodologies,includingreferencestothePSCIScope3GHG

emissionscalculationguidancepublishedin2020tosupportmethodologicalalignment.

68

53

80

60

40

46

23

19Twocompanieswereexcludedduetomissing2024data.

11

EFPIAMembers’progresstowardProductCarbonFootprint(PCF)andLifeCycleAssessment(LCA)

AmajorityofEFPIAcompaniesarenowinthe

mid-to-advancedstagesofPCFandLCAmaturity,

with54%ofrespondentsalreadyconductingPCFsorLCAs(manualorautomated)orimplementing

ecodesign&productspecificcarbonreductionplans.Onecompanyreportedalreadyhavingachievedfullportfolio-wideLCAmaturity.

43%ofpharmaceuticalssurveyedremaininthe

earlystage,showingprogressbutroomforbroaderadoption.Thisdistributionhighlightsroomfor

broaderadoptionofadvanced,portfolio-widecarbonassessmentpractices.

Increasedunderstandingofclimaterisks

Around90%ofmembercompaniescarriedout

climateriskanalysesin2025,markinga15-point

increasecomparedwith2022.Understandingtheserisksisincreasinglycritical,asclimatechangecan

disruptoperations,supplychains,andtheavailabilityofessentialrawmaterials.

Identifiedphysicalrisksofflooding,heatwaves,

orseverestormscanforexampledirectlydamage

manufacturingsitesorinterrupttemperature-sensitivelogistics.Identifiedtransitionrisks,referringtothe

businessandfinancialrisksthatariseaseconomiesshifttowardalow-carbonfuture,mainlystemfromcarbonpricing,regulatorychang