研究生英语精读教程第三版上册UnitOne

《硕士英语精读教程》(第三版·上)中国人民大学出版社1/178UnitOneYouAreWhatYouThink1.Text2.Exercises3.SupplementaryReading2/178YouAreWhatYouThinkAndifyouchangeyourmind—frompessimismtooptimism—youcanchangeyourlifeClaipeSafranTranslationMenu3/178doughnutn..炸面圈clichén.ideaorexpressionthathasbeentoomuchusedandisnowoutdated;stereotypedphrase;triteexpression陈腔滥调scrutinizev..makeadetailedexaminationof细查，详审；审阅Menu[1]Doyouseetheglassashalffullratherthanhalfempty?Doyoukeepyoureyeuponthedoughnut﹡,notuponthehole?Suddenlytheseclichés﹡arescientificquestions,asresearchersscrutinize﹡thepowerofpositivethinking.Translation4/178[2]Afast-growingbodyofresearch—104studiessofar,involvingsome15000people—isprovingthatoptimism﹡canhelpyoutobehappier,healthierandmoresuccessful.Pessimism﹡leads,bycontrast,tohopelessness,sicknessandfailure,andislinkedtodepression﹡,lonelinessandpainfulshyness.optimism※n.beliefthatintheendgoodwilltriumphoverevil;tendencytolookuponthebrightsideofthings;confidenceinsuccess乐观；乐观主义pessimism※n.tendencytobelievethattheworstthingismostlikelytohappen,thateverythingisessentiallyevil消极；消极主义depression※n.beingsad;lowspirit沮丧，抑郁Menu5/178"Ifwecouldteachpeopletothinkmorepositively,"sayspsychologist﹡CraigA.AndersonofRiceUniversity①inHouston②，"itwouldbelikeinoculatingthemagainstthesementalills."psychologistn.心理学家，研究心理学者MenuTranslation6/178[3]"Yourabilitiescount,"explainspsychologistMichaelF.Scheier①ofCarnegieMellonUniversity②

inPittsburgh③,"butthebeliefthatyoucansucceedaffectswhetherornotyouwill."Inpart﹡,that'sbecauseoptimistsandpessimistsdealwiththesamechallengesanddisappointmentsinverydifferentways.inpart:tosomeextent在某种程度上MenuTranslation7/178[4]Take,forexample,yourjob.Inamajorstudy,psychologistMartinE.P①.SeligmanoftheUniversityofPennsylvania②

andcolleaguePeterSchulmansurveyedsalesrepresentativesattheMetropolitan﹡LifeInsuranceCo.Theyfoundthatthepositive-thinkersamonglongtimerepresentativessold37-percentmoreinsurancethandidthenegative-thinkers.Ofnewlyhiredrepresentatives,optimistssold20-percentmore.metropolitan※adj.oforinacapitalcity大城市，大都会，首府MenuTranslation8/178[5]Impressed,thecompanyhired100peoplewhohadfailedthestandardindustrytest

buthadscoredhighonoptimism.Thesepeople,whomightneverhavebeenhired,sold10percentmoreinsurancethandidtheaveragerepresentative.MenuTranslation9/178[6]Howdidtheydoit?Thesecrettoanoptimist'ssuccess,accordingtoSeligman,isinhis"explanatorystyle".Whenthingsgowrongthepessimisttendstoblamehimself."I'mnogoodatthis,"hesays,"Ialwaysfail."Theoptimistlooksforloopholes﹡.Heblamestheweather,thephoneconnection﹡,eventheotherperson.loopholen.wayofescapefromcontrol,esp.oneprovidedbycarelessandinexactwordingofarule（因措词欠妥而造成法规上）漏洞connection※n.joiningorbeingjoined;pointwheretwothings连接；连接点；连接物Menu10/178Thatcustomerwasinabadmood,hethinks.Whenthingsgoright,theoptimisttakescredit﹡whilethepessimistseessuccessasafluke﹡.credit※n.honour,approval,goodnameorreputation荣誉；赞许；好名声fluken.somethingresultingfromafortunateaccident;luckystroke侥幸结果；侥幸MenuTranslation11/178[7]CraigAndersonhadagroupofstudentsphonestrangersandaskthemtodonate﹡bloodtotheRedCross

.Whentheyfailedonthefirstcallortwo,pessimistssaid,"Ican'tdothis."Optimiststoldthemselves,"Ineedtotryadifferentapproach."[8]Negativeorpositive,itwasaself-fulfillingprophecy﹡."Ifpeoplefeelhopeless,"saysAnderson,"theydon'tbothertoacquiretheskillstheyneedtosucceed."donatev.give(egmoney)toacharity,etc.;contribute捐赠；赠予prophecy△n.poweroftellingwhatwillhappeninthefuture;statementthattellswhatwillhappen预言能力；预言MenuTranslation12/178[9]Asenseofcontrol,accordingtoAnderson,isthelitmus﹡test

forsuccess.Theoptimistfeelsincontrolofhisownlife.Ifthingsaregoingbadly,heactsquickly,lookingforsolutions,forminganewplanofaction,andreachingoutforadvice.Thepessimistfeelslikefate'splaything﹡andmovesslowly.Hedoesn'tseekadvice,sinceheassumesnothingcanbedone.litmusn.bluecolouring-matterthatisturnedredbyacidandthenrestoredbyalkali;materialstainedwithlitmususedasatestforacidsandalkalis石蕊；试验酸和碱用石蕊试纸playthingn.toy;(fig.)somebodytreatedasameretoy玩具；（喻）被玩弄取乐人；玩物MenuTranslation13/178[10]Optimistsmaythinktheyarebetterthanthefactswouldjustify—andsometimesthat'swhatkeepsthemalive.Dr.SandraLevyofthePittsburghCancerInstitutestudiedwomenwithadvancedbreast﹡cancer.Forthewomenwhoweregenerallyoptimistic,therewasalongerdisease-freeinterval,thebestpredictorofsurvival.Inapilotstudyofwomenintheearlystagesofbreastcancer,Dr.Levyfoundthediseaserecurred﹡sooneramongthepessimists.breast※n.eitherofthemilk-producingpartsofawoman;chest;upperfrontpartofthehumanbody乳房；胸膛；胸部recurv.comeorhappenagain;berepeated再来；再发生；重复

MenuTranslation14/178[11]Optimismwon'tcuretheincurable,butitmaypreventillness.Inalongtermstudy,researchersexaminedthehealthhistoriesofagroupofHarvardgraduates,allofwhomwereinthetophalfoftheirclassandinfinephysicalcondition.Yetsomewerepositivethinkers,andsomenegative.Twentyyearslater,thereweremoremiddle-agediseases—hypertension﹡,diabetes﹡,heartailments﹡—amongthepessimiststhantheoptimists.hypertensionn.highbloodpressure高血压diabetesn.diseaseofthepancreasinwhichsugarandstarchyfoodscannotbeproperlyabsorbed糖尿病ailmentn.illness疾病

MenuTranslation15/178[12]Manystudiessuggestthatthepessimist'sfeelingofhelplessnessundermines﹡thebody'snaturaldefenses,theimmune﹡system.Dr.ChristopherPeterson①oftheUniversityofMichigan②hasfoundthatthepessimistdoesn'ttakegoodcareofhimself.underminev.weakenatthebase;weakengradually使从基础损坏；逐步减弱或损坏immune※adj.exemptfromorprotectedagainstsomethingdisagreeableorharmful;notsusceptibletosomespecifieddiseasebecauseofthepresenceofthespecificantibodies免去；安全；免疫Menu16/178Feelingpassiveandunabletododge﹡life'sblows,heexpectsillhealthandothermisfortunes﹡,nomatterwhathedoes.Hemunches﹡onjunk﹡food，avoidsexercise,ignoresthedoctor,hasanotherdrink.dodgev.movequicklytooneside,changepositionordirection,inordertoescapeoravoidsomething;avoid(duties,etc.)bycunningortrickery躲闪，躲避，逃避misfortune※n.badluck;unfortunateaccidentorhappening不幸；灾祸；不幸事故munchv.chewwithmuchmovementofthejaw用力咀嚼；大声咀嚼junkn.old,discardedthingsoflittleornovalue破烂物MenuTranslation17/178[13]Mostpeopleareamixofoptimismandpessimism,butareinclinedinonedirectionortheother.Itisapatternofthinkinglearned“atyourmother‘sknee”，saysSeligman.Itgrowsoutofthousandsofcautions﹡orencouragements,negativestatementsorpositiveones.Toomany“don’ts”andwarningsofdangercanmakeachildfeelincompetent,fearful—andpessimistic.caution※n.warningwords;takingcare;payingattention(toavoiddangerormakingmistakes)警告；小心；慎重MenuTranslation18/178[14]Astheygrow,childrenexperiencesmalltriumphs﹡,suchaslearningtotieshoelaces﹡.Parentscanhelpturnthesesuccessesintoasenseofcontrol,andthatbreedsoptimism.triumph△n.(joyorsatisfactionata)successorvictory成功；胜利；成功或胜利喜悦shoelace※n.cordforfasteningtheedgesofashoe’suppers鞋带MenuTranslation19/178[15]Pessimismisahardhabittobreak—butitcanbedone.Inaseriesoflandmark﹡studies,Dr.CarolDweck①oftheUniversityofIllinois②hasbeenworkingwith﹡childrenintheearlygradesofschool.landmarkn.objectthatmarkstheboundaryofapieceofland;(fig.)event,discovery,change,etc.thatmarksastageorturning-point界标；(喻)划时代大事、发觉等；里程碑workwith(someone):spendtimeandefforttryingtohelp(someone)insomeway对(某人)做工作以帮助Menu20/178Asshehelpsfloundering﹡studentstochangetheexplanationsfortheirfailures—from"Imustbedumb﹡"to"Ididn'tstudyhardenough“—theiracademicperformanceimproves.flounderv.makeviolentandusuallyvainefforts(aswhenoneisindeepwaterandunabletoswim);(fig.)hesitate,makemistakes,whentryingtodosomething挣扎；(喻)犹豫或胡乱地做事dumbadj.unabletospeak;(UScolloquial)stupid;dull哑；(美口)笨；愚蠢MenuTranslation21/178[16]Pittsburgh'sDr.Levywonderedifturningpatientsintooptimistswouldlengthentheirlives.Inapilotstudy,twogroupsofcolon﹡-cancerpatientsweregiventhesamemedicaltreatment,butsomewerealsogivenpsychologicalhelptoencourageoptimism.Resultsshowedthatthisworked.Nowamajorstudyisplannedtodeterminewhetherthispsychological﹡changecanalterthecourseofthedisease.colonn.lowerandgreaterpartofthelargeintestine结肠psychological※adj.ofthemind;mental心理MenuTranslation22/178[17]So,ifyou'reapessimist,there'sreasonforoptimism.Youcanchange.Here'show,saysSteveHollon①,apsychologistatVanderbiltUniversity②:[18]1.Paycarefulattentiontoyourthoughtswhenbadthingshappen.Writedownthefirstthingthatcomestomind,uneditedanduncensored﹡.censor△v.examinebooks,periodicals,films,etc.tocutoutanythingregardedasimmoralorinotherwaysundesirable检验并删剪(书刊、电影等)被认为不妥部分MenuTranslation23/178[19]2.Nowtryanexperiment.Dosomethingthat'scontrarytoanynegativereactions.Let'ssaysomethinghasgonewrongatwork.Doyouthink,Ihatemyjob,butIcouldnevergetabetterone?Actasifthatweren'tso.Sendoutresumés.Gotointerviews.Lookintotrainingandcheckjobleads.MenuTranslation24/178[20]3.Keeptrackofwhathappens.Wereyourfirstthoughtsrightorwrong?"Ifyourthoughtsareholdingyouback,changethem,"saysHollon."It'strialanderror,noguarantees,butgiveyourselfachance."MenuTranslation25/178[21]Positivethinkingleadstopositiveaction,andreaction.Whatyouexpectfromtheworld,theevidencesuggests,iswhatyou'relikelytoget.MenuTranslation26/178Exercises

Ⅰ.Comprehension

Ⅱ.Vocabulary

Ⅲ.Cloze

Ⅳ.Translation(EnglishtoChinese)Ⅴ.Translation(ChinesetoEnglish)

Ⅵ.WritingMenu27/178Ⅰ.ComprehensionAnswerthefollowingquestionsorcompletethefollowingstatementsbychoosingthebestalternativeA,B,CorDundereach.Youareallowed2minutes30secondsforthispart.1.Thosepeoplewho"keeptheireyeuponthedoughnutratherthanonthehole"_______.areconsideredpositive-thinkersbytheauthorarelikelytoseetheirglassashalfemptyviewtheirsuccessesandfailuresmoreobjectivelyhavesuddenlybecometheobjectofscientificresearchonclichésMenuAnswers28/178Ⅰ.Comprehension2.Anoptimist_______.isalwaysincontrolofhisownlifeoftenoverestimateshisabilitiesmightlivelongerthanapessimistwhensufferingfromcertainillnesssuchascancerencountersdifferentchallengesanddisappointmentsfromapessimist3.Thepessimist________.A.seldomsucceedsinwhathedoesB.attributeshissuccesstoluckC.triesdifferentapproacheswhenhisfirstattemptfailsD.knowshowtotakegoodcareofhimselfAnswersMenu29/1784.TheMetropolitanLifeInsuranceCompanyhired100newemployeesbecause________.theyfailedthestandardindustrytesttheirhighscoresonoptimismimpressedthecompanytheywerenotlikelytobehiredbyothercompaniesthecompanywasimpressedbytheresultofastudydonebysomepsychologistsⅠ.ComprehensionMenuAnswers30/1785.The100newemployees______.sold37%moreinsurancethantheaveragerepresentativessold20%moreinsurancethanthenegativethinkerssold10%moreinsurancethanlongtimerepresentativesprovedthattheycoulddobetteratsellinginsurancethanthecompany’saveragesalesrepresentativeⅠ.ComprehensionAnswersMenu31/1786.AccordingtoSeligman,thesecrettoanoptimist’ssuccesscanbefoundin“hisexplanatorystyle”,bywhichhemeansthattheoptimist________.isabletoexplainmoreclearlytothecustomerssoundsmorepleasantinhisexplanationtriestofindfaultswithotherfactorsotherthaninhimselfforhisfailurehasmoreconfidenceinhimselfthaninothersⅠ.ComprehensionMenuAnswers32/1787.Itcanbeinferredfromthearticlethattheauthorthinksthat_______.peoplewillbeabletopreventdepressionandpainfulshynessiftheylearntothinkmorepositivelybusinesscompaniesmightmakebetterjudgmentiftheytesttheattitudesoftheapplicantsinsteadofgivingthemthestandardindustrytestbeforehiringthemoneismorelikelytosucceedthenexttimeifoneisabletolayblamesonotherswhenonehasfailedone’sbeliefthatonecansucceedwillguaranteehissuccessⅠ.ComprehensionAnswersMenu33/1788.Whetherpositiveornegative,aperson’sattitudetowardslifeisathinkinghabit_______.inheritedfromeitherofhisparentsformedwhenheisveryyoungacquiredafterhehasgainedconsiderableexperiencenevertobegotridofⅠ.ComprehensionMenuAnswers34/1789.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?Mostpeoplecannotbeconvenientlyputunderthecategoryofoptimistorpessimist.Therearemorepositivethinkersamongoptimiststhanamongpessimists.Itisnotsureyetwhetherpsychologicaltreatmentwillhelpcancerpatients.Bylookingintotrainingopportunitiesandcheckingjobleads,apessimistwillbecomeanoptimist.Ⅰ.ComprehensionAnswersMenu35/17810.Whichofthefollowingisnotoneofthestepsmentionedbytheauthorinformingamorepositiveattitudetowardslife?A.Documentyourgloomythoughts.B.Dosomethingagainstyournegativeinclination.C.Recordwhathappens.D.Findthecausesforyourfailuremoreobjectively.Ⅰ.ComprehensionMenuAnswers36/178Ⅱ.VocabularyA.IdentifyoneofthefourchoicesA,B,C,orDwhichwouldkeepthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordorphrase.1.Thosewhobelievedtheirreligiousleader’sprophecythattheendoftheworldwouldcomesoonwentintoapanic.announcement B.forecast C.prediction D.declaration2.Itbecameobviouswhentheboyflounderedthroughtherecitationinclasstodaythathehadnottakenthetroubletodohishomework.meditated B.faltered C.contemplated D.staggeredAnswersMenu37/178Ⅱ.VocabularyA.IdentifyoneofthefourchoicesA,B,C,orDwhichwouldkeepthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordorphrase.3.Theteachertoldthestudentsthattheyshouldavoidusingclichésintheircomposition.A.popularproverbs B.well-knownstoriesC.famousquotations D.triteexpressions4.Afterlisteningtothesameoldmorallessonalltheseyears,thevillagersbecamealmostimmunetoit.A.insensitiveto B.fedupwithC.familiarwith D.accustomedtoMenuAnswers38/178Ⅱ.VocabularyA.IdentifyoneofthefourchoicesA,B,C,orDwhichwouldkeepthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordorphrase.5.Ican'tclaimcreditforherEnglishproficiency;afterall,sheonlycametomyclassthissemester.askformoney B.expectpaymentC.saythatIdeservepraiseD.declarethatIamgratefulAnswersMenu39/178Ⅱ.VocabularyA.IdentifyoneofthefourchoicesA,B,C,orDwhichwouldkeepthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordorphrase.6.Believeitornot,thispopularnovelnowyouseeoneveryshelfwascensoredonlyafewyearsago.officiallyexaminedandbanned B.despisedbythegeneralpublicC.soldoutsoonafteritspublication D.condemnedbythecriticsMenuAnswers40/178Ⅱ.VocabularyA.IdentifyoneofthefourchoicesA,B,C,orDwhichwouldkeepthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordorphrase.7.Thepartyleaderregardstheresultoftheelectionasapersonaltriumph.victory B.celebration C.satisfaction D.propaganda8.Theimmigrationofficerscrutinizedhispassportbeforehewasallowedtoleave.Stamped B.examined C.returned D.issuedAnswersMenu41/178Ⅱ.VocabularyA.IdentifyoneofthefourchoicesA,B,C,orDwhichwouldkeepthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordorphrase.9.Hesufferedalongperiodofdepressionbeforehisfirstsuicideattempt.Inoculation B.hypertension C.ailments D.dejection10.Hewasneverabletoenjoythemetropolitandelightsofcinemasandtheatres.artistic B.modern C.urban D.variousMenuAnswers42/178Ⅱ.VocabularyB.Choosethecorrectanswer.Onlyoneansweriscorrect.11.Hequickly_____behindthebuildingtoavoidbeinghurtbythestonesthrowninhisdirection.eluded B.evaded C.escaped D.dodged12.Hisdislikeofthecoursemayprovetobea_____barrierhecannotovercome.Biological B.ideological C.spiritual D.psychologicalAnswersMenu43/178Ⅱ.VocabularyB.Choosethecorrectanswer.Onlyoneansweriscorrect.13.AstheCupFinalwasdrawingcloser,theinjuryofthebestplayerwasa_____forthewholeteam.misdemeanour B.mistrust C.misfortune D.mischief14.Thebestsolutiontotheproblemcanonlybefoundbyaprocessoftrialand_____.error B.mistake C.success D.experimentMenuAnswers44/178Ⅱ.VocabularyB.Choosethecorrectanswer.Onlyoneansweriscorrect.15.Hethoughtthathemightbeabletoavoidpayingsomeofhistaxesbytakingadvantageofthe______inthelaw.A.circles B.loopholesC.exceptions D.misunderstanding16.Whenhelivedinthatremoteplace,radiowastheonlymeanshehadtokeep_____ofcurrenteventsinthecountry.account B.trace C.record D.trackMenuAnswers45/178Ⅱ.VocabularyB.Choosethecorrectanswer.Onlyoneansweriscorrect.17.______whatisgenerallybelieved,theadjustmenttothiskindofworkisquiteeasy.Contraryto B.Contrastwith C.Controversialof D.Contradictoryto18.Theflashingredlightservedasa______ofdangerahead.predictor B.caution C.precaution D.preventionAnswersMenu46/178Ⅱ.VocabularyB.Choosethecorrectanswer.Onlyoneansweriscorrect.19.Theirconfidenceinhimwasgreatly______byhisprolongedhesitationbeforetakinganyaction.appreciated B.confirmed C.undermined D.cherished20.Yourheadacheislikelyto______ifitsrealcauseisnotidentifiedandpropertreatmentadministeredaccordingly.cure B.recover C.recur D.releaseMenuAnswers47/178Ⅲ.ClozeReadthepassagethroughandchooseonesuitablewordorphrasemarkedA,B,CorDforeachblankinthepassage."Nooneisfreewhoisaslavetothebody",wroteSemecasome1,900yearsago.1fromtheadvertisements,products,andbestsellersthatdelugeusdaily,weareanationofslaves.Weare2withbeingthin,beautiful,young,andsexy,andwewillgotoextraordinary3toapproachthoseideals.A.judge B.Judging C.Judged D.beingjudgedA.obsessedB.possessed C.absorbed D.occupiedA.troubles B.efforts C.lengths D.extremesAnswersMenu48/178Ⅲ.CloseInarecentissueofPsychologyToday,weofferedreaderstheopportunitytoexpresstheirthoughtsandfeelingsaboutthe4.Thetopicwastimelyandtheresponse5:morethan62,000readersreturnedthe109-item"Body-Image"questionnaire.Buttheyweredividedand6onthematterof7importantattractivenessandphysicallooksare-orshouldbe.4.A.ideal B.mindC.bodyD.opinionA.overwhelming B.enthusiastic C.controversial D.contradictoryA.ambient B.Ambitious C.Ambiguous D.AmbivalentA.what B.why C.how D.whichMenuAnswers49/178A8numberofpeoplewroteletterstoprotesta"wholesurvey"onthebody.Somesaidthatappearanceisasuperficialmatter,not9unduediscussion.Bycontrast,otherrespondents10,somereluctantly,theimportanceofone'sappearance.Inourstudies,wefoundthatbodyimageisstrongly11self-esteem,thegeneralfeeling12oneiscompetentandconfident.A.good B.many C.lot D.tremendousA.worthy B.unworthy C.worthwhile D.worthyofA.testified B.verified C.confessed D.acknowledgedA.linkedby B.associatedwith C.concernedabout D.relatedto12.A.that B.which C.of D.sinceAnswersMenu50/178Peoplewhoarehappywiththeirbodiesmayactuallybemoreassertiveandlikeablethanthosewhohave13bodyimages.Ortheythinktheyare.Oneyoungmanexplainedthatinthelastyearhisbodyimagehaschangedverymuch14thebetter,asaresultofhispersonaldevelopment:"I'vegonefromconsideringmyselfsomesortofdumb-headto15thatI'mafascinatingindividualnearlyimpossibletodislike…IhavemorefriendsthanIknowwhattodowith."13.A.positive B.negative C.superficial D.satisfactory14.A.to B.for C.tobe D.into15.A.understanding B.believing C.regarding D.rememberingMenuAnswers51/178Ⅳ.Translation(EnglishtoChinese)Istherea“successpersonality”—somewinningcombinationoftraitsthatleadsalmostinevitablytoachievement?Ifso,exactlywhatisthatsecretsuccessformula,andcananyonecultivateit?AttheGallupOrganizationwerecentlyfocusedindepthonsuccess,probingtheattitudesandtraitsof1500prominentpeopleselectedatrandomfromWho’sWhoinAmerica.AnswersMenu52/178Ⅳ.Translation(EnglishtoChinese)ThemaincriterionforinclusioninWho’sWhoisnotwealthorsocialposition,butcurrentachievementinagivenfield.Ourresearchpinpointsanumberoftraitsthatrecurregularlyamongtopachievers,amongwhichfiveofthemostimportantare:commonsense,knowingone’sfield,self-reliance,generalintelligence,andabilitytogetthingsdone.Ifyoucultivatethesetraits,chancesareyou’llsucceed.AndyoumightevenfindyourselflistedinWho’sWhosomeday.MenuAnswers53/178Ⅴ.Translation(ChinesetoEnglish)1.你对他说话不能为你这种行为辩护。(justify)2.你认为他会因为同主教私人关系而免受宗教迫害吗?(immunefrom)3.你对心理医生忠言采取什么态度会影响到你是否会再做噩梦。(recur)4.乐观主义者成功秘诀在于他们是用主动态度对待失望和失败。AnswersMenu54/178Ⅴ.Translation(ChinesetoEnglish)5.消极主义者往往轻易失败，部分原因就是一个人对自己看法经常是一个能够自我实现预言。(inpart)6.在幼儿性格特征没有来得及发展之前，他们行为不如大多数成年人行为那样保持一致(consistent)。一个儿童行为改变，可能表明他注意力已因其活动特点不一样而转变。他兴趣总是集中在手头事情上。个性坚强、兴趣强烈人能够坚持把自己正在做事进行下去，只有重大环境改变才能干扰其行为方向和目标。MenuAnswers55/178Ⅵ.WritingTitle:BreakingBadHabitsTimelimit:30minutesWordlimit:120～150wordsAnswersMenu56/178Ⅰ.SupplementaryReadingⅡ.QuestionsSupplementaryReadingMenu57/178SupplementaryReadingTofeelbetter,youneedtothinkbetter

SayYestoYourself

JosephT.MartoranoandJohnP.KildahlMenu58/178SupplementaryReading[1]It'stheclassicstorywithatwist:atravelingsalesmangetsaflattireonadark,lonelyroadandthendiscovershehasnojack.Heseesalightinafarmhouse.Ashewalkstowardit,hismindchurns:"Supposenoonecomestothedoor.""Supposetheydon'thaveajack.""Supposetheguywon'tlendmehisjackevenifhehasone."Theharderhismindworks,themoreagitatedhebecomes,andwhenthedooropens,hepunchesthefarmerandyells,"Keepyourlousyjack!“Menu59/178SupplementaryReading[2]Thatstorybringsasmile,becauseitpokesfunatacommontypeofself-defeatistthinking.Howoftenhaveyouheardyourselfsay:"NothingevergoesthewayIplanned.""I'llnevermakethatdeadline.""Ialwaysscrewup.“[3]Suchinnerspeechshapesyourlifemorethananyothersingleforce.Likeitornot,youtravelthroughlifewithyourthoughtsasnavigator.1)Ifthosethoughtsspellgloomanddoom,that'swhereyou'reheaded,becauseput-downwordssabotageconfidenceinsteadofofferingsupportandencouragement.Menu60/178SupplementaryReading[4]Simplyput,tofeelbetter,youneedtothinkbetter.Here'show:[5]1.Tuneintoyourthoughts.ThefirstthingSuesaidtohernewtherapistwas,"Iknowyoucan'thelpme,Doctor.I'matotalmess.Ikeeplousingupatwork,andI'msureI'mgoingtobecanned.JustyesterdaymybosstoldmeIwasbeingtransferred.Hecalleditapromotion.ButifIwasdoingagoodjob,whytransferme?"Menu61/178SupplementaryReading[6]Then,gradually,Sue'sstorymovedpasttheput-downs.ShehadreceivedherM.B.A.twoyearsbeforeandwasmakinganexcellentsalary.Thatdidn'tsoundlikefailure.[7]2)Attheendoftheirfirstmeeting,Sue'stherapisttoldhertojotdownherthoughts,particularlyatnightifshewashavingtroublefallingasleep.AthernextappointmentSue'slistincluded:"I'mnotreallysmart.Igotaheadbyflukes.""Tomorrowwillbeadisaster.I'veneverchairedameetingbefore.""Mybosslookedfuriousthismorning.WhatdidIdo?"Menu62/178SupplementaryReading[8]Sheadmitted,"Inonedayalone,Ilisted26negativethoughts.NowonderI'malwaystiredanddepressed."[9]HearingherfearsandforebodingsreadoutloudmadeSuerealizehowmuchenergyshewassquanderingonimaginedcatastrophes.Ifyou'vebeenfeelingdown,itcouldbeyou'resendingyourselfnegativemessagestoo.Listentothewordschurninginsideyourhead.Repeatthemaloudorwritethemdown,ifthatwillhelpcapturethem.Menu63/178SupplementaryReading[