高级英语第一大组Inaugural-Address

InauguralAddressJohnF.KennedyAdvancedEnglish(BookVI)1/32Affairswith

MarilynMonroe

2/32InaugurationofBush

3/32PoliticalSpeechSolemnity(formalexpressions;Biblicallanguage)Clarity(well-organizedarrangement)Persuasiveness;Apenismightierthanasword.

(Atongueismightierthanasword.)Rhetoric(oratorsinancientGreece)Shuishi(ZonghengjiainAncientChina,suchasHanfeizi,ZhuGeliang)4/32SuitablerhetoricaldevicesMetaphorParallelstructuresRepetition

ofimportantwordsandphrasesAntithesisSynecdoche5/32Ifafreesocietycannothelpthemanywhoarepoor,itcannotsavethefewwhoarerich.Hehasplunderedourseas,ravagedourcoasts,burntourtowns,anddestroyedthelivesofourpeople.(T.Jefferson)Thegrayhairshouldberespected.NorMarshissword,norwar'squickfireshallburnthelivingrecordofyourmemory.It’sanopensecrettomanyofthecommitteenow.6/321.Theorderisclear.Eachpara.hasitsowntopic.2.Thetoneisappropriate.Heusesdifferenttonetodifferentpeople.Characteristics7/323.Thestyleisrigid.Itismadebeforehand.Soitisasortofwrittenlanguage.4.Thelanguageisrhetorical.parallelism,metaphor,antithesis,balancedstructure,repetitionofwordsandphrases---forforce,vividnessandemotionalappeal.Characteristics8/32

StructureHowtoorganizethetextintoanexcellentspeech?(S’sdiscussionn’T’sconclusion)Para1~5：generalstatementofbasicpolicygoals.--determinedtopayanypricetodefendhumanrightsandlibertyandindependenceoffreenations.Para6~9:addressesdifferentgroupsofalliednationsorwould-beallies.----pledge1.oldallies,whiteEuropeancountries(Britain,otherWesternEuropeancountries)

9/322.newstates,newlyindependentcountries,thethirdworlddevelopingcountriesinAsia

andAfrica(TheRepublicofCentralAfrica,TheRepublicofCongo…)3.poorandbackwardpeopleinAfricaandAsia.4.sisterRepublicssouthofourborder(LatinAmerica)5.wishfortheUN.10/32Para11~20:speakstohisenemy----requestallsocialistcountriesheadedbySovietUnionandthosedevelopingcountriespreparingtotakethesocialistroad.hispolicytowards"hisadversary":negotiationfromapositionofstrength.11/32Proposals:

1)armscontrol----controlandlimitationofnuclearweapons2)cooperationinthefieldsofscience,technology,artsandcommerce3)anewworldsystemPara20~end:appealingtohiscountrymenforsupportandsacrifice.

12/32LanguagePoints:Observe:tocelebrate,asofholidaysorritesDoyouobserveChristmas?

Parallelism

(symbolizing…signifying…)Forebear:

(fml.)forefather,ancestor.Prescribe:setdownorimpose;direct;orderPrescriptions/prescriptive(~/descriptivelinguistics)13/32Whatpunishmentdoesthelawprescribeforcorruption?Goodcitizensdowhatthelawsprescribe.Thedoctorprescribedtotalabstinence.医生嘱咐病人戒酒。ThefirstpresidentialoathwastakenbyG.WashingtononApril30,1789.14/32TheOathofOfficeofthePresidentoftheUnitedStatesIdosolemnlyswearthatIwillfaithfullyexecutetheofficeofPresidentoftheUnitedStates,andwilltothebestofmyability,preserve,protectanddefendtheConstitutionoftheUnitedStates.15/32LanguagepointsMortal:

1.

ofman.(Immortal,theImmortal:God.)mortalmorals2.deadly;causingorcapableofcausingdeath;destructive;

3.subjecttodeath;mortalagony临死时痛苦amortalwound/diseaseMortal/fatal/deadly/lethal16/32ranksoffree:thecommunityoffreeandindependentnations.irontyranny:communistdictatorship.(iron:cruelormerciless).thosewhofoolishly...Endedupinside:metaphor.

Thosecountrieswhichfoolishlyseektheaidofsocialistcountrieswillendupbylosingtheirdependenceasmanyothercountriesdidinthepast.17/32Peopleinhutsandvillages:thebackwardandpoorpeopleinAfricaandAsiawhoarestrugglingtofreethemfrompovertyandsuffering.Bonds:chainsorfetters.Seektheirvotes:togainthenationalinterestsoftheUnitedStates.18/32Help…many…poor–save…few…rich:Antithesis.Convertourgoodwordsintogooddeeds…:tochangeourspeechintoaction.Castoff:abandon.(oldtradition)Subversion:ruin.(subvert)Leteveryother…itsownhouse:leteverynationknowthenationsofAmericawillnottolerateanyinterferenceintheiraffairsbycountriesoutofthishemisphere.19/32Instrumentofwar:weapons,bombsforwagingwar.Instrumentofpeace:toolsormachinesforproductionofusefulcommodity.Invective:aviolentverbalattack;strongcriticism,insults…TopreventtheU.N.frombeinganassemblywherepeoplejustcriticize,insultandabuseeachother.20/32Tostrengthen…andtheweak:metaphor.(thepoweroftheUNtoprotect–ashield.)Paraphrase:WepledgetostrengthenthepoweroftheUNtoprotectthenewlyindependentandtheweaknations.Area:territory;fieldsofactivity.Writ:aformalwrittendocument.(+run)Run:tocontinueinforce.request:notapledgeorpromise,butaseriousdemand.21/32Wedarenotbeweakbecauseitmighttempttheenemytotakerashactions,sowemustarmourselves.Ifwearestrongenough,ourenemywillnotdaretoattackus.(欺弱怕强)Bothsidesoverburdened…deadlyatom:bothsidesarefeelingthegreatfinancialburdenofthearmraceandalarmedbytheproliferationofatomicweapons.(fatal)22/32Yetbothgroupsofnations(WarsawPactOrganizationvsNATO)aretryingtochangeasquicklyaspossiblethisuncertainbalanceofterriblemilitarypowerwhichrestrainseachgroupfromlaunchingmankind’sfinalwar.(NuclearWar)Balanceofterror:(terror:theterrorofdeadlyweapons.)Staysthehand:synecdoche.Restrainpeopleornationsfromstartingaworldwar.23/32Soletus…weakness:letusstartonceagain(todiscussandnegotiate)andletusrememberthatbeingpoliteisnotasignofweakness.Sincerity…proof:letusalsorememberthatone’ssinceritymustbeprovedbyfacts.Letustrytofindoutwhereweagreeandwherewecancooperateandworktogetherinsteadofwastingourtimesquabblingoverthingswedisagreeon.24/32Besubjectto1.tendingorlikely(tohave)He’ssubjecttoillness.Thearrangementsaresubjecttochangeatshortnotice.这些安排一有通知即可能马上改变．２．governedbyordependenton.e.g.Theplansaresubjecttoministerialapproval.3.dependingon.(取决于．．．)

e.g.Subjecttoyourapproval,wewillgoahead.只要你同意，我们马上就行动。25/32Letbothsidesexplore…divideus:Letustrytofindoutwhereweagreeandwherewecancooperateandworktogetherinsteadofwastingourtimesquabblingoverthingswedisagreeon.Heed:paycloseattentiontoInvoke:callforth;bringintoactionorexistence.Ifabeachhead…ofsuspicion:

metaphor,alittleofcooperationcanlessenthedeepsuspicionandexistsonbothsides,thenletus…

26/32Newendeavor:anewearnestattemptoreffort.Nowthetrumpet…again:Nowourcountryiscallingonusonceagain.Beararms:jointhearmy.embattle:prepareforbattle.Tobehappywhenthingslookbrightandhopeful;tobepatientindistress.Tribulation:

deepsorrow,grief.27/32Forge:toform,make.Fruitful:productiveorprosperous;prolific.Peopleshouldfeelproudthattheyhavebeengiventheopportunitytodefendfreedomwhentherewasthegreatestdangeroflosingit.WithGod’sblessingandhelp,letusstartleadingthecountrywelove,knowingthatwemustdowhatGodwantsustodo.28/32synonymsFatal:anythingthatiscapableofcausingorthatactuallyhascauseddeath,emphasizingtheinevitabilityoffate.e.g.Thediseasemightnotbeseriousfortheyoungman;butwhichwillalmostcertainlyprovefatal

totheoldlady.Dea