2026年全国硕士研究生考试（英语二）真题

绝密★启用前2026年全国硕士研究生考试（英语二）真题（科目代码：204）考生注意事项1.答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名，在答题卡指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号，并涂写考生编号信息点。2.选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。3.填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚，涂写部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂。4.考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。（以下信息考生必须认真填写）考生编号考生姓名SectionIUseofEnglishDirections：Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Mostofusstriveforself-respect—toseeourselvesinapositivelight,tobe1ofwhoweare.Anycommentsorexperiencesthatunderminethosefeelingsofself-worthcanbeuncomfortableandit'sonly2towanttoavoidthem.Butthethingis,3yourself-worthreallyisbeingunderminedis,toalargedegree,subjective.Muchofitcomesdowntoyour4ofwhatsomeonesaidordid.Whenyoutakethingspersonally,you'reinterpretingthesesituationsassayingsomethingsignificantandnegativeaboutyouasaperson.Sayyourbosspicksholesinyoursalesreport,andyoucomeawayfeelinglikethismeansshethinksyou'rea5memberofstaff.Or,twoofyourfriendscancelyour6get-togetheratthepubandyouinterpretthisasmeaningthey'reboredofyou.Psychologistshavea7forthiswayofthinking:personalisation.Butthe8isthatyourbossmightviewyouveryhighly.It'sjustyoumadesome9inthereportandshewantedtopointtheseoutsothatyoudobetternexttime.10,inthecaseofyourfriendscancelling,perhapstheybothfeltunwellthatweekend—ortheyjust11theirminds.Inboth12andothersthatweallexperience-there'sanother13atworkthatpsychologistscallmindreading.Thisiswhenyouassumetoknowwhatotherpeoplearethinkingaboutyou,whenyoucan'treallyknowwithout14themdirectly.Onesimplewaytoavoid15personalisationandmindreadingistochallengeyournegativeassumptionsofwhat's16.Whenyoufindyourselftakingasituationpersonally,trytothinkofotherinterpretationsthatarelessfocusedonyou—especiallyinthesenseofsayinganythingdeepor17aboutyou.Whenyoudothis,itmighthelptotrytoputyourselfinotherpeople'sshoes.Thefactyourbosstookthetimetogiveyou18atallmeanstheycareenoughtowanttohelpyou19.Whenitcomestoyourfriends—maybeit'sbecauseyourfriendshipisso20thattheyfeltabletocancelatlatenotice.1.[A]afraid[B]critical[C]proud[D]tolerant2.[A]risky [B]natural [C]admirable [D]foolish3.[A]whether [B]where [C]why [D]how4.[A]citation [B]imitation [C]perception [D]introduction5.[A]poor [B]loyal [C]creative [D]shy6.[A]sponsored [B]crowded [C]disputed [D]planned7.[A]method [B]term [C]design [D]goal8.[A]evidence [B]theory [C]condition [D]reality9.[A]complaints [B]choices [C]mistakes [D]suggestions10.[A]Similarly [B]Relatively [C]Accordingly [D]Contrarily11.[A]opened [B]changed [C]trained [D]cleared12.[A]quotations [B]experiments [C]questions [D]examples13.[A]process [B]objective [C]outcome [D]background14.[A]blaming [B]warning [C]teaching [D]asking15.[A]arguingabout [B]accountingfor [C]engagingin [D]interferingwith16.[A]happened [B]continued [C]returned [D]disappeared17.[A]casual [B]obvious [C]familiar [D]fundamental18.[A]reward [B]feedback [C]trust [D]proof19.[A]innovate [B]concentrate [C]improve [D]relax20.[A]strange [B]strong [C]vulnerable [D]valuableSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Askpeopleaboutpubliclibrariesandacertainimagespringstomind:dusty,old-fashioned,thesortofplaceyouenjoyedasachildbut,ratherlikeaBritishseasidetown,wouldyougotherenow?Andanyway—aren'ttheyallclosing?Therealityisstartlinglydifferent,asIdiscoveredwhentheculturedepartmentcommissionedmetoconductanindependentreviewofEnglishpubliclibraries,publishedyesterday.AsIvisitedlibrariesupanddownthecountry,Iwassurprisedtolearntherearemorethantwicethenumberoflibraries(2,892)astherearebranchesofMcDonald's.Enteranyoneofthemandyouwillfindahiveofactivity.Whilebooksare,andshouldalwaysbe,attheheartofanylibrary,amultitudeofotherservicesareoffered:employmentadvice,languageclassesordigitalaccessandsupport.Therearelibrarieswithbusinessandintellectualpropertycentres,whichcanhelpbusinessownersandentrepreneurs.Manyhavenursesonsitetocarryoutbasichealthchecks,withalinktotheGP'ssurgery.TherearelibrarieswhereyoungpeoplecanborrowaFifa-standardfootballfree.Inreturnforallofthis,you'llbeaskedforpreciselynothing.Therewillbenochargeandyouwillneverbeaskedtojustifyorexplainyourself;youwillsimplybewelcomedin,offeredhelpifyouneeditandleftaloneifyoudonot.Thereisnootherinstitution,publicorprivate,thatcansaythesame.Yetstillourlibrariesareoftenoverlookedandunderappreciated.Thereisanoveralldeclineinvisitsandmanyarestrugglingaslocalauthoritiescomeundercontinuedfinancialpressure.Thenumberoflibrariesthathaveclosedsince2010isdisputed.AnannualsurveybytheCharteredInstituteofPublicFinanceandAccountancyputsitatnearly800acrosstheUK;officialstatisticsbytheArtsCouncilrecord230inEngland.Itis,ofcourse,230librariestoomany.Soifwearetoprotectourlibrariesforfuturegenerations,wemustraiseawarenessofthemandtheworktheydo.Thereviewrecommendsanationalbrandingcampaigntogivelibrariesastrongerphysicalpresence,thereintroductionofaschemetoenablememberstousetheircardinanylibraryinthecountry,andautomaticmembershipsforchildren.Ifwedon'tusethem,wewillenduplosingthem.Andforthosewhohaven'tbeentoalibraryforsometime,theymaybesurprisedbywhattheyfind.21.WhatwastheauthorcommissionedtodoaboutEnglishpubliclibraries?[A]Documenttheirvaluabletraditions.[B]Makeaplanfortheirexpansions.[C]Obtainreaderopinionsonthem[D]Lookintotheircurrentsituation.22.AccordingtoParagraphs3&4,theauthorfindsthatlibraries.[A]boastdesirablebookcollections[B]keepdetailedvisitorrecords[C]performdiversifiedfunctions[D]attractmostlyyoungreaders23.ItisimpliedinParagraph5thatlibrariesshould.[A]begivengreaterattention[B]improvevisitorlimits[C]workwithprivateinstitutions[D]gettheirequipmentupgraded24.ThestatisticsmentionedinParagraph6show.[A]thecrisisfacedbylibraries[B]theadvancementoflibraries[C]thecontributionsoflibraries[D]theflawsexistinginlibraries25.Whichofthefollowingissuggestedforlibrariesinthelastparagraph?[A]Invitingpublicfeedback.[B]Seekingadequatefunding.[C]Improvinguserconvenience.[D]Offeringlifetimememberships.Text2Accordingtoourresearch,aroundoneinfiveworkersintheUKtalktoAIlikeafriend,lookingforguidanceonpersonalandprofessionalproblems.OurdatashowsthatengagingwithAIlikethiscanleaveusfeelingheardandlessisolated.But,withthisnewfoundconnection,manyofussharesensitive,sometimeshighlyconfidentialinformation,eventhoughoverathirdofpeopledon'trealisethatAIplatformsmaynotbeverygoodatkeepingoursecrets...secret.Forbusinesses,theimplicationsareworrying.ConsiderMicrosoftCopilotforexample.ItgrantsMicrosoftbroadrightstothedatainputtedoroutputtedbyanyuser-rightstousethisdatainanywayitseesfit,itcanevenshareitwiththirdparties.Thismeansthatanysensitiveinformationcouldpotentiallybeexposedtotheworld.Employersaretakingnoteandtakingaction.Accordingtoourresearch,25%havedecidedtoeitheroutrightbanAIorregulateitsusewithintheirorganisations.Butevenwiththesepoliciesinplace,someemployeeschoosetobreaktherules.Theyhavetheirreasonsaround63%ofthemreportthatusingAIincreasestheirproductivity,andsomeevenfeelAIoffersmorehelpthantheirhumancolleagues.ThesituationpresentsadelicatebalancebetweenleveragingAIforitsproductivitygainsandriskingconfidentialdataexposure.EmployersneedtomanageAItoolswiththesamelevelofcareasanyotherformofdatasharingorstorage.There'salsoaknowledgegapthatneedstobeaddressed-40%ofindividualssurveyedareunsureaboutwhoretainsownershipoverthecontentproducedbyAI.ByinstillingbestpracticesinAIengagementandcreatingpoliciesthatevolvewiththetechnology,businessescanpositivelyshifttheAIlandscape.WithAI'spotentialtosimplifyourprofessionallives,dotheadminandenhancetheworkexperience,it'suptoustonavigateitsusagecautiouslysoitsupportsuswithoutcompromisingourprivacy.There'snoneedtobackawayfromprogress,aslongaswe'reequippedwiththeknowledgeandtoolstomakesureAIremainsafriend.Andthisiswherethechallengelies.Therearesomanyproductsoutthere,beingpromotedwithhugeadvertisingandmarketingbudgets,thatit'seasytofallvictim.Butbybuildingacultureofdigitalresponsibilitywithinourbusinesses,wecancreateafuturewhereAIcanhelpuswithoutspillingthebeans.26.AccordingtoParagraph1,workers'engagementwithAIcan.[A]facilitatetheircareerprogress[B]givethememotionalsupport[C]helpmaintaintheirmotivation[D]improveworkplacecommunication27.MicrosoftCopilotiscitedtoshowthattheuseofAImay.[A]poseathreattobusinesses[B]generateunnecessarydata[C]promotebusinesscooperation[D]encourageinformationsharing28.SomeemployeeschoosetobreaktherulesonAIdueto.[A]easyaccesstoAIproducts[B]thedesiretostaywell-informed[C]itssignificantroleintheirwork[D]theneedtocompetewithothers29.TopositivelyshifttheAIlandscape,businessesshould.[A]increasethetransparencyoftheirdatasources[B]prioritisethequalityofAI-producedcontent[C]includeemployeeperspectivesintheirrules[D]adjusttheirmanagementtoAIdevelopment30.Accordingtothelastparagraph,wemayeasilyfallvictimtoAIaswe_[A]havealimitedunderstandingofit[B]underestimateitseconomiccosts[C]tendtooveremphasiseitspower[D]areexcessivelyexposedtoitText3Sincethe2008launchofthehigh-speedrailnetworkbetweenRomeandMilan,trainshavebecomethepreferredmeansoftravelacrossItalyforlocalsandtouristsalike.Fasttrainscancoverthe500kmbetweenthetwocitiesinthreehours.ThenetworkalsoconnectsNaples,Bologna,FlorenceandTurin.Inmanycases,itisthebestoption—intermsoftraveltimeandcost-forbothleisureandbusinesstravellers.Thisiswhytherecentseveredelayscausedbynumerousmaintenanceworkshavethrowntherailindustryintochaosatatimewhenmostpeopleheadonholiday,whichmattersforbusinessinacountrywheretourismaccountsfor10percentofGDP.DisruptionshavebecomeincreasinglyfrequentwithtraindelaysnowafixtureinItalianmediacoverage.FerroviedelloStatoItaliane,thepubliclycontrolledgroupthatownstrainoperatorTrenitaliaandthenationaltrainnetworkRFI,said23percentofhigh-speedtrainsitoperatedwerelatein2023.ThehugeimprovementsinItaly'sobsoleteinfrastructurepartlyexplainedthedisruption,saidFerrovie.RFI,thenetworkoperator,isthesinglelargestEuropeanrecoveryfundbeneficiarywithplannedinvestmentsofE24bnby2026.FerroviewillinvestatotalofE124bnininfrastructureoverthenext10years.Butlackofcapacityisanotherproblem.TransporteconomistAndreaGiuricinsaidtheplannedinvestmentswouldbringimprovementsbutdisruptionsinthemeantimewereinevitable."Wehaveamixedsystem,thereisnosparecapacityandassoonasthere'sahiccupontheline,thesituationbecomeshighlycomplex,"hesaid.Amixedsystemmeansthathigh-speedtrainsmusttravelontheregulartracksoncertainroutesorwhenpassingthroughlargecities.Ifthere'scongestionor,forexample,alocaltrainbreaksdown,theentirehigh-speednetworkisaffected.Oneofthemostimportantchangestheupgradeswillbringisthesegregationofthehigh-speedlinefromtheregularoneincertainurbancentresthroughtheconstructionofundergroundraillinks.Improvementswillalsocomefromthehigh-densitytechnologyandsatellitesignallingthatRFIhasbeeninvestinginforyears,sayexperts.Itwillallowforareductionofthedistancebetweenhigh-speedtrainstravellingonthesamelineatanygiventime,whichshouldmeanasignificantincreaseincapacityandtrafficfluidity,accordingtoGiuricin.31.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,thehigh-speedrailnetworkinItaly.[A]isseenbytouristsasoutdated[B]isapopularoptionfortravelling[C]isinadequatelyutilisedbylocals[D]isanexampleofgoodmaintenance32.FerrovieisquotedinParagraph3toshow_[A]thecommonoccurrenceoftraindelays[B]thevalueoftheItaliantrainnetwork[C]thewidemediacoverageoftrains[D]thehighefficiencyofTrenitalia33.Whichofthefollowingisonecauseofthedisruptionsinthenetwork?[A]Complextrainschedules.[B]Shortageofinvestments.[C]Itslimitedcapacity.[D]Itsmassivescale.34.Itcanbelearnedthatthemixedsystem[A]providesawidechoiceofroutes[B]requiresextraoperationalspending[C]increasestheleveloftravelcomfort[D]putsthehigh-speednetworkintrouble35.ImprovementstotheItaliantrainnetworkwillinclude_[A]reconstructingtheregulartrainlines[B]shorteninghigh-speedtrainintervals[C]buildingmorestationsinurbancentres[D]enhancingthesafetyofhigh-speedtrainsText4In2023,Chicagolostoneofitsmostbelovedstreetfestivals.TheSilverRoomBlockParty,stagedbyHydeParkcommunityleaderEricWilliams,announceditwouldnotreturnin2024Whatbeganasasmallneighborhoodgatheringblossomedintoamassiveculturalevent,welcomingtensofthousandsofpeopleeachyearovernearlytwodecadesbeforeabruptlyshuttingdown.WilliamspointedtorisingproductioncostsanddecliningattendeedonationsasprimaryreasonstheSilverRoomBlockPartycouldnotcontinue,highlightingarealitythatallstreetfestivalorganizersfacerightnow.ThecostofproducingastreetfestivalinChicagohasskyrocketed.Security,entertainment,portablerestrooms,insuranceandevenbasicssuchasfencingandstaffinghaveallbecomesignificantlymoreexpensive.Atthesametime,donationsatfestivalgateshavedroppeddramatically.Chicago'ssummerfestivalsareaboutmorethanjustentertainment;theyareeconomicenginesthatdirectlybenefittheneighborhoodsthey'reinandthecityofChicagoaswhole.Streetfestivalsdrivefoottraffictolocalbusinessesandfosterthekindofculturalvibrancythatmakesourcityspecial.Weoftenhearpeopleaskwhywesolicitdonationsatourentrypoints,especiallywhenthecity'slargestfestivalsliketheChicagoJazzFestivaldonotrequestdonations.Thefactis,unlikethoselarge,city-producedmusicfestivals,yourneighborhoodstreetfestivalsreceivenocityfundingandrelyonacombinationofsponsorships,vendorfeesandgatedonationstocovertheircosts.WickerParkFesthaslongbeenoneofChicago'smostanticipatedsummerfestivals,drawingupwardof70,000attendeesforafullweekendofliveindiemusic,localart,smallbusinessvendorsand,mostimportantly,communityconnection.In2024,WickerParkFestsawrecord-breakingattendance.Despitetheturnout,gatedonationsreachedtheirlowestpointinourhistory.Thisyear,we'vebeenforcedtoscalebackthefootprintofthefest.Weareeliminatingastage,bookingfewerperformersandmakingadditionalcutstoreduceourcosts,allwhilestrivingtokeepthefestivalasvibrantasever,assupportiveoflocalartistsandbusinesses,andastruetoWickerPark'suniquespiritandreputationasfestgoershavecometoexpect.Thissummer,asyouenjoyyourfavoriteneighborhoodstreetfestival,Ihopeyou'llrememberthattheyexistbecauseofcommunitysupport.Athrivingsummerfestivalseasondoesn'thappenbyaccident;ithappenswhenweallchipin.36.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraphIthattheSilverRoomBlockParty.[A]hasbeenreplacedbyotherfestivals[B]hasgainedgreatinternationalfame[C]washeldinvariousneighborhoods[D]wasanappealingculturalgathering37.Onerealitystreetfestivalorganizersfaceisthat.[A]theyareunabletousethedonationswisely[B]theyareunabletogetsufficientfacilities[C]theyhavetotacklefinancialdifficulties[D]theyhavetostepupsecuritymeasures38.AccordingtoParagraphs3&4,Chicago'sstreetfestivals.[A]reflecttypicalurbanlifestyles[B]arefundedbythegovernment[C]contributetothelocaleconomy[D]arefamousfortheirmusicshows39.ItisimpliedthattheorganizersofWickerParkFesthaveto.[A]countonamateurartists'participation[B]reducethenumberofperformances[C]giveupitsmostprominentfeature[D]collaboratewithlargebusinesses40.Theauthorholdsthatthefutureofstreetfestivalsdependson.[A]thevarietyofactivities[B]thegenerosityofattendees[C]thereputationofneighborhoods[D]themanagementofexpendituresPartBDirections:Readthefollowingtextandmatcheachofthenumbereditemsintheleftcolumntoitscorrespondinginformationintherightcolumn.Therearetwoextrachoicesintherightcolumn.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Inanefforttosupportrestorationprogrammes,specialistsaredevelopingsuppliesofseedsandseedlings,maintaininggenebanksandsequencingthegenomesofindigenoustreesandothercrops.Theirworkdealswithoneoftheproblemsthatcouldblockmajorrestorationeffortsindifferentpartsoftheworld."Where'stheplantingmaterialgoingtocomefrom?That'sonebigbottleneck,"saysgenetic-resourcesspecialistRamniJamnadass.Asiaisarguablytheregionmostneglectedbyglobaleffortstoincreasediversityinrestorationandtostudynativespecies.ChristopherKettle,BiodiversityInternational'sdirectorforforestgeneticresourcesandrestorationinRome,saysthattheneedforinfrastructure—thingssuchasmechanismsforcollectingandstoringseeds,andnurseriestoraiseseedlings—mightbemostdesperateherebecausemanytreesare‘masting’species,whichdon'tproduceseedseveryyear.Peopleneedtobeready."Otherwise,youmisstheseed,andyou'vegottowaitanothersevenyears,"saysKettle."Thisisareally,reallycriticalissueforrestorationinSoutheastAsia,becausemanyofthemostimportanttimberspeciesandtreespecies—theonesthatwilllockupthemostcarbon-they'reallmastingspecies."Climatechangeisadrivingfactorinthepushtorestoreforests,butitalsoraisesquestions,suchaswheretreescanthriveinthefuture.Climatechangeisalsoexpectedtoalterrelationshipsbetweentrees,insects,diseasesandotherforestspecies."Insectsthattodayareaminorproblemmaybecomeamajorproblemiftheycanproducethreeorfourgenerationsinayear,"saysforestecologistJohnStaniford.Thisremainsasignificantknowledgegap."Weknowenoughtoknowthatthisisaconcern,butwedon'tknowenoughabouthowtorespondtoityet.That'sagreatareatobedoingresearch."Soissoil,saysCindyPrescott,aforestecologistattheUniversityofBritishColumbiainVancouver."Ifyoudon'tlookatthesoilatthestart,youcanspendalotofmoneyandtimeputtinginspeciesthataren'tgoingtosurvivethere."Withsomuchresearchlefttogo,leadersinthefieldhavebeendoingsomesoul-searching,andacknowledgingthatrestorationcanbemotivatedby—anddesignedtomeet-differentneeds."Whenyoutalkaboutconservationorrestoration,thefirstquestionhastoberestorationbywhom,forwhom?"saysDanielJanzen,abiologistattheUniversityofPennsylvania.Thequestioncanhavemorethanoneanswer.Muchoftheglobalfundingforrestorationisdedicatedtodevelopingitasatooltomitigateclimatechange,notesrestorationecologistPedroBrancalion."ButifyouaskafarmerinBrazilifheorsheisconcernedaboutclimatechange,theywouldsay,'No,Iamconcernedaboutwater,'hesays.Theirinterestsasstewardsofthelandneedtobebetterintegratedwiththosewhohavethemoneytosupportrestoration.ThathasbeenthestrongestlessonofallforRobinChazdon,aforestecologistattheUniversityofConnecticut.Restorationisaboutmorethanwhatgetsplantedintheground,shesays."Yes,it'saboutforests,butit'sreallyaboutpeople.Theyaretheagentsofrestoration."41.RamniJamnadass42.ChristopherKettle43.JohnStaniford44.Ped