初中英语语法-非谓语动词

非谓语动词初中英语语法Theoldmenenjoy______________(listen)tothesingingofthebirdsinthepark.2.Mysisterisinterestedin____inherfreetime.A.watchTVB.readingbooksC.listeningmusicD.playsbasketball3.Letme_____(help)you____(water)theflowers.4.Isawhim_______intothesmallstore.

A.wentB.going

C.togo

D.hasgone5.Heisgoodat______.A.singingB.singC.singsD.tosing热身练习listeningBBhelpwaterA非谓语动词1.谓语动词与非谓语动词：在句子中担任谓语的动词，叫做谓语动词；在句子中担任主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语等的动词，叫做非谓语动词。Weshouldservethepeopleheartandsoul.Iamreadinganovel.ShefoundEnglishhardtolearn.

Seeingisbelieving.

Pleasestopspeaking.（谓语）（谓语）（状语）（主语和表语）（宾语）2.非谓语动词的特点1)不能单独做谓语，但可和助动词或情态动词组成谓语。

2)具有动词的特征，可以有自己的宾语或状语。

ThePartycalledonustoservethepeople.Thestudentsranoutoftheclassroom,laughinghappily.Shedoesn’thaveanyEnglishbooks.非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式：to+动词原形动名词：动词原形+ing分词（现在分词和过去分词）

动词+doing

介词+doingdoing动名词

只能接-ing作宾语的动词口诀：

喜欢花费忙着想象忍不住想要结束练习

错过建议保持介意值得考虑喜欢花费忙着想象忍不住想要结束练习

enjoydoingsth.喜欢做某事

spend...doingsth.花费…做某事

bebusydoingsth.忙于做…

imaginesb.doingsth.想象…做某事

can'thelpdoingsth.忍不住做某事

feellikedoingsth.想要做某事

finishdoingsth.完成做某事

practicedoingsth.练习做某事

missdoingsth.错过做某事

suggestdoingsth.建议做某事

keep(on)doingsth.保持（继续）做某事

minddoingsth.介意做某事

be

worthdoingsth.值得做某事

considerdoingsth.考虑做某事错过建议保持介意值得考虑begood

atdoingsth擅长做某事

beinterested

indoingsth.对做某事感兴趣

beused

fordoingsth.被用来做某事

thanksb.

fordoingsth.谢谢某人做某事

betired

ofdoingsth.厌烦做某事

beafraid

ofdoingsth.害怕做某事

介词+doingputoffdoing推迟做某事stopsb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人做某事giveupdoingsth.放弃做某事withoutdoingsth.没有做某事thinkaboutdoingsth.考虑做某事What∕Howaboutdoing做某事怎么样?

此to非彼tolookforwardto

doingsth.（盼望）

payattentiontodoingsth.（注意）

beusedto

doingsth.（习惯于）

preferdoingsthto

doingsth.（更喜欢）

devoteto

doingsth（致力于）

makeacontributionto

doing（做贡献）小试牛刀1.Nowmoreandmorepeoplearebusy____abouttheInternet.

A.learnB.tolearnC.learningD.learned2.-It'stoohot.Wouldyoumind_____thedoor?

-______.Pleasedoit.

A.toopen;OKB.opening;Certainlynot

C.opening;OfcourseD.toopen;Goodidea3.Nomatterhowharditis,we'llkeep_____untilwemakeit.

A.failedB.failingC.triedD.tryingCBD4.-Areyouenjoying_____inNingbo?

-Yes,weare.Verymuch.

A.toliveB.livingC.livesD.lived5．Wecouldn’thelp_____(laugh)afterweheardthefunnystoryA.tolaughB.laughingC.laughsD.laughedBB肯定式:todo否定式:nottodo省略to的:do动词不定式动词不定式

基本形式：

to+动词原形（在某些情况下可以不带to）

特点：

A.没有人称和数的变化C.有时态和语态的变化（被动语态的形式为tobe+动词过去分词）B.可以有自己的宾语和状语

动词不定式用法A、作主语，如:Tolearnaforeignlanguageisnoteasy.=It’snoteasytolearnaforeignlanguage.注意1：不定式短语作主语如果太长，常用it作形式主语，将不定式后置。注意2:不定式的逻辑主语：不定式不能单独做谓语，因此没有语法上的主语，但可以有意义上的逻辑主语。IpromisedTomtoplaywithhim.Iaskedhimtoplaywithme.

（toplay的逻辑主语是I）（toplay的逻辑主语是him）注意3:同一句型中不同介词的不同含义Itis+adj+forsbtodosthItis+adj+ofsbtodosth（for引出动作发出者）（of引出adj修饰的对象）Itiseasyformetofinishthisworkbeforeten.Itisagreathonorforustobepresentatyourbirthdayparty.Itisverykindofyoutogivemesomehelp.It'simpoliteofyoutospeaktotheteacherlikethat.注意：常用在of句型中的adj有：kind,good,nice,wise,unwise,clever,foolish,careless,stupid,naughty(淘气的),polite,impolite,silly,brave,honest,noble，right,rude等

＝Youareverykindtogivemesomehelp.

＝youareimpolitetospeaktotheteacherlikethat.

B、作表语，如Theimportantthingistofinishtheworkontime.作宾语C、动词+todo动词+疑问词+todo动词+it(形式宾语）+宾补+todo常见动词有agree,decide,fail,hope,wish,

want,plan

等Idon’tknowwhattodo.IfinditimportanttolearnEnglish.只能接不定式作宾语的动词口诀：

决定想做计划需要同意，能做用来做的事迫不及待下决心做过去常常未能做的事

决定想做计划需要同意，能做用来做的事decidetodosth.决定做某事

want∕wouldliketodosth.想做某事

plantodosth.计划做某

needtodosth.需要做某事

agreetodosth.同意做某事

affordtodo能做某事

usetodo用来做

迫不及待下决心做过去常常未能做的事

can’twaittodo迫不及待地要做某事

makeupone’smindtodo下决心做某事

usedtodo过去常常做某事

failtodo未能做某事D、动词不定式作宾语补足语作宾补动词+宾语+todo

动词+宾语+doLiMeiaskedmetoshowherthenewdictionary.注：有以上结构的常用动词有tell.wish,ask,want,like,

beg,invite,warn,allow,encourage,advise

等。(不带to的不定式)

注：常用的动词是：感官动词see,hear,feel,

watch,notice；使役动词have,make,let.

接不定式作宾语补足语的动词口诀：

请求与命令想要邀请期待鼓励与建议答应告诫允许提醒和帮助请求与命令

asksb.todosth.

请求某人做某事

tellsb.todosth.

命令某人做某事想要邀请期待鼓励与建议wantsb.todosth.想要某人做某事

invitesb.todosth.邀请某人做某事

expectsb.todosth.期待某人做某事

encouragesb.todosth.鼓励某人做某事

advisesb.todosth.建议某人做某事

答应告诫允许提醒和帮助promisesb.todo答应某人做某事

warnsb.nottodosth.告诫某人做某事

allowsb.todosth.允许某人做某事

remindsb.todosth.提醒某人做某事

helpsb.(to)dosth.帮助某人做某事E、作状语：可以表目的、表结果、表原因F、作定语：（必须后置）Icameheretoseeyou．Wewereveryexcitedtohearthenews．Hehurriedtotheschooltofindnobodythere.Tolookathim，youwouldlikehim．(目的)

(原因)(结果)

(条件)

Ihavesomebooksforyoutoread.

注意：作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。Heislookingforaroomtolivein

．Thereisnothingtoworryabout．Pleasegivemeaknifetocutwith．G、不定式与疑问词who，which，when，where,how，what等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语表语、宾语等。Hedidn'tknowwhattosay.Myquestioniswhentostart．Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant

(宾语)(表语)

（主语）

注意：在与why连用时，只用于why或whynot开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to。

Whynothavearest?动词不定式几点注意事项：1、在感官动词和使役动词后作宾补时，不定式可省略to,但以上词变为被动语态时，要加上to,Ialwayssawherplayviolin.Hewasmade

towork12hoursaday.

动词不定式省略to的情况:使役动词和感官动词后：一感二听三让四看：feel/hear,listento/let,make,have,/lookat,see,watch,noticehadbetter（not）dosth.

最好(不)做…whynot/whydon’tyoudosth为什么不做…?

helpsb.（to）dosth帮助某人做…

Wouldrather（not）dosth.宁愿(不)做…

wouldyouplease（not）dosth.

请你(不)要做…情态动词+do助动词+do感官动词see,watch,lookat,notice,hear,listento,feel+do表示动作的完整性，+doing表示动作的进行性。注意：被动语态中不能省去to。区分下列词组:seesb.doing/dosth.hearsb.doing/dosth.watchsb.doing/dosth.noticesb.doing/dosth.特殊词精讲:tododoingrememberforger(do在后)要做（do在前）做过stopgoon（两个字）两件事（一个字）一件事likehatelove一次性长期try尽力做尝试做startbegin一样

一样

stopdoing/todostoptodo停下来去做另一件事，stopdoing停止正在做的某事。他们停下来吸烟。Theystoptosmoke.我必须戒烟了Imuststopsmoking.forgettodo忘记要去做某事，forgetdoing忘记做过某事。办公室的灯还在亮着，他忘记关了。（没有做关灯的动作）Thelightintheofficeisstillon.Heforgottoturnitoff.他忘记他已经关了灯了。（已做过关灯的动作）Heforgotturningthelightoff.forgetdoing/todo

rememberdoing/todoremembertodo

记得去做某事rememberdoing记得做过某事记着放学后去趟邮局。Remembertogotothepostofficeafterschool.你不记得以前见过那个人吗?Don'tyourememberseeingthemanbefore?goondoing/todogoontodo做了一件事后，接着做另一件事，goondoing继续做原来做的事。Afterhehadfinishedhismaths，hewentontodohisphysics.做完数学后，他接着去做物理。Goondoingotherexercisesafteryouhavefinishedthisone.做完这个练习后，接着做其他的练习trydoing/todosth.trytodosth.

努力,尽力做某事Althoughmathsisdifficult,Iwilltrytostudyit.trydoingsth.

试着做某事Themachinecouldn’twork.Let’stryrepairingit.2、动词不定式的否定形式为：

not+todoMr.Smithaskedtheboy___________(notplay)thiskindofgame.

nottoplayPleasehavehim__________(notdo)somuchhousework.

notdo3、不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式逻辑上构成主谓关系时，不定式往往用主动形式。Haveyougotakeytounlockthedoor?(Akeyunlocksthedoor．)4、不定式和它前面被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式常用主动形式。

Ihavegotalettertowrite．

(Iwritealetter．)

Heneedsaroomtolivein．(Helivesinaroom．)

5、不定式作表语形容词的状语，和句中的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式多用主动形式，这是因为人们往往认为形容词后省去了forone或forpeople．

Heishardtotalkto．Thebookisdifficulttounderstand．Thequestioniseasytoanswer现在分词与过去分词两者之间的区别主要体现在时态和语态上：1.在时态上：现在分词表示正在进行，而过去分词表示已经完成。2.在语态上：现在分词表示主动；而过去分词表示被动。总之，现在分词表主动、进行；

过去分词表被动、完成。在句法功能上它们都可以作定语、表语、状语和宾补，它们的具体区别如下：分词1、作定语时

1.现在分词单独作定语，通常放在所修饰词前。例如：

ThesleepingboyisTom.

2.现在分词短语作定语放在所修饰词的后面，意思同定语从句差不多。例如：

Tellthechildrenplayingoutsidenottomaketoomuchnoise.=Tellthechildrenwhoareplayingoutsidenottomaketoomuchnoise.1.现在分词表示正在进行；过去分词表示已经完成。

developingcountry发展中国家(正在发展的）

developedcountry发达国家（已发展的）

boilingwater沸水（正在沸腾的水）

boiledwater开水（已烧开了的水，可能已凉了）

fallingleaves正在飘落的树叶

fallenleaves落叶(已落下的树叶）现在分词强调动作正在进行，侧重于主动。过去分词强调动作已经完成，侧重于被动；

2.现在分词表示主动；过去分词表示被动。例如：

amovingfilm一部感人的电影（主动）

themovedpeople被感动的人们（被动）现在分词表示“令人感到…”，指主语和被修饰词给人的感觉，过去分词表示“感到…”，指主语和被修饰词的感觉。anexcitinggame一场令人感到激动的比赛theexcitedpeople感到激动的人们

Hesawa________birdandraisedhisbow.

A.flyB.flying

C.flewD.tobeflying

分析：

B。表示正在进行的动作，句意是：正在飞的鸟。此处的aflyingbird＝abirdwhichwasflying。Iwassatisfiedwiththe_____speech.

A.exciteB.excitingC.excitedD.beexcited

分析：

B。表示被修饰词speech的性质和特征，此处的theexcitingspeech＝thespeechthat/whichwasexciting。2、作表语时共同点：分词作表语时，它起着形容词的作用。不同点：分词作表语时，句子的主语就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词作表语时，与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作的一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。1.-HowdidBobdointheexamsthistime?

-Well,hisfatherseems____withhisresults.A.pleasingB.pleaseC.pleasedD.toplease2.-Howdidtheaudiencereceivethenewplay?

-Theygotvery____.A.exciteB.excitedC.ExcitedlyD.exciting

简析：首先,根据语法分析可知,待选部分在句中应作表语。因为seems在此句中用作连系动词;再根据hisfather对于动词please来说应是被动关系,即这个结果使他的父亲高兴;换言之,他的父亲因为受到这个结果的刺激而感到高兴。因此,该题应选C。简析：该题应选B。测试他们被那出新戏所打动。3、作宾语补足语时现在分词与句子的宾语是主动关系，它所表示的动作往往正在进行；过去分词与句子的宾语是被动关系，它所表示的动作往往已经完成。Ifoundthempaintingthewindows.

（现在分词表主动、进行）Ifoundthewindowspainted.

（过去分词表被动、完成）牛刀小试1.

Mymotheroftenasksme__somecleaningonSundaysAdoB.doesC.didD.todo2.

–DoyouoftenhearJohn___inhisroom?–Listen!Nowwecanhearhim__inhisroom.A.sing,tosingB.sing,singC.sing,singingD.tosing,singingDC3.

Iwatchedher__inthenextroomlastnight.A.dancingB.todanceC.dancesD.dance4.Let’s____swimmingaftertheexam.A.goB.goesC.togoD.went5.

You’dbetter___abus.A.tocatchB.catchC.catchesD.catchingDAB1.Ididn’tspendalthemoney_______(buy)thebooks.2.Doyouhaveanything________(say)atthemeeting?3.YesterdayIsawawallet________(lie)ontheground.4.Themanranout________(see)whatwaswrong.5.Shewasoftenheard_________(sing)inEnglish.6.Stop________(read),please.I’vesomethingtotellyou.7.Theboy_______(call)LiHuaintheroomishisbrother.buyingtosaylyingtoseetosingreadingcalled用所给词的正确形式填空8.Thegirl__________(stand)underthetreeismycousinKate.9.Books__________(write)ineasyEnglishareverypopularamongChinesemiddleschoolstudents.10.Whydidyoukeepyourbrother__________(wait)foralongtimethatevening?11.Iprefer__________(read)booksathomeratherthan__________(go)shoppingonSundays.12.Hedidn’tfinish__________(write)thebookuntillastweek.13.LiLeiisaskinghisuncle,anEnglishteacher,________(help)himthinkofaforeignname.standingwrittenwaitingtoreadgowritingtohelp拓展精练1.Martinlookssowell.We’veneverseenhim____sowellbefore.A.islookedB.islookingC.tolookD.look2.Myfatherhasdecided____becausesmokingisbadforhishealth.A.tostoptosmokeB.tostopsmokingC.stoppingsmokingD.stoptosmoke3Itiskind___metocarrythesebooks.A.ofyouhelpingB.foryoutohelpC.ofyoutohelpD.foryouhelpingDBC4—Wouldyoulike______somebreadorbiscuits?

—Nothanks.Idon’tfeellike_____anythingnow.A.tohave,eatingB.tohave,toeatC.having,toeatD.having,eating5.—Doyourememberme,Tom?

—Ah,yes,Iremembered_____youinJUSCOlastyear.A.seeB.seesC.toseeD.seeingAD6.Weareinterestedin_______toswim.A.studyB.studyingC.learnD.learning7.Mygrandfatherwants_____aroundtheworldbecauseheenjoys_____newplaces.A.traveling,seeingB.totravel,toseeC.totravel,seeingD.traveling,toseeDC8.Jackgivesmeapieceofpaper___.A.towriteB.towriteonC.towriteatD.towritein9.Let’smakeafire_____ourselvesup.A.towarmB.warmingC.warmD.warmed10.WhenIwaswalkinginthefield,Isawaplane___overmyhead.A.flewB.fliesC.flyingD.flingBAC11.

Thankyoufor

ussowell.A.toteachB.teachesC.taughtD.teaching12.

Ioftendosome

onSundays.A.washedB.towashC.washingD.washes13.

Theboy

JackinClassOneismybrother.A.callB.tobecalledC.callingD.called14.

Itoftentakesmehalfanhour

home.A.walkingB.towalkC.walkedD.walks15.

Don’tforget

hercleanwatereveryday.A.togiveB.givingC.givenD.giveDCDBA

16.Ithinkitisimportant

Englishwell.A.learningB.learnC.tolearnD.learned17.Thefunnystorymadeusall

hard.A.laughB.tolaughC.laughingD.laughed18.

Ourteachertoldus

hardatourlessons.A.toworkB.workC.workingD.worked19.Couldyoutellme

thisnewspaper?A.toreadhowB.howtoreadC.whattoreadD.whatreadCAAB20.Idon’tknow

next.A.whattodoB.whattodoitC.howtodoD.tohowdoit21.

Myhairistoolong,soImusthaveit

thisafternoon.A.cutB.cutsC.cuttingD.cutted22.

Remember

lastforclassagain.A.nottoB.benottoC.nottobeD.nottocome23.

MrSmithaskedtheman

thequeue.A.notjumpB.didn’tjumpC.nottojumpD.tonotjumpAACCBCC17.we’veworkedfortwohours.Let’s

arest.A.

stoptohaveB.stophavingC.

tostoptohaveD.stoppinghaving18.

Wouldyoumind

meafavour（恩惠）？

A.

doB.togoC.doingD.did19.

MrWangaskedme

him.A.

helpB.helpsC.tohelpD.helping20.

PleasetellJimnot

lateagain.A.

toB.beC.tobeD.betoACCC23.Pleasedon’tforget

tome,willyou?A.

towriteB.writingC.write22.Theboywants

hisfatheraquestionaboutthemoon.

A.

askingB.toaskC.askD.asked21.MissYangaskedtheboy

,thebabywassleepingintheroom.A.

tostoptosingB.tostopsingingC.stopsingingD.stoptosingBBA

25.

It’saboutsixo’clock,Let’s—suppernow.A.

stophavingB.tostophavingC.

stoptohaveD.tostoptohave26.We’dbetter—ontheroad.Acarmayhitus.A.

nottoplayB.notplayC.tonotplayD.don’tplay24.

Motherdecided—Tomawayfromschool.A.

tokeepnotB.keepnotC.

nottokeepD.notkeepCCBA.

27.

LiuMeihelpedtheTurners—theirticketsonthetrain.A.

pickB.lookupC.pickupD.looklike28.

Ioftenseethem—withsomeforeigners.A.

talkB.totalkC.talkingD.talkedCA29.—Doyoustillremember

mesomewhereBeijing?—Yes,ofcourse.Twoyearsago.A.

toseeB.seeC.seeingD.saw30.

Parentsmustwarntheirchildren—.A.toplaywithfireB.nottoplaywithfireC.ofplayingfireD.playingfire

CB1.

31.ThismorningIsawaman

onthestreetonmyway

.A.lives;thereB.lived;toschoolC.lying;toschoolD.tolie;home.32.Hehasgivenup

tennissincehewasill.A.playB.toplayC.playingD.plays33.----Willyoucometothenetbarwithme?----Sorry,Mymotheralwa