人力资源管理康耐尔大学斯奈尔教授的模型

2026/7/24人力资源管理-康耐尔大学斯奈尔教授的模型IBM“Youcangetcapitalanderectbuildings,butittakespeopletobuildabusiness.”“你能得到资金和高楼大厦，但你需要员工才能完成交易”

ThomasJ.Watson,IBMDidIBMforget?

$168billion(TobinsQ=2.1)Hardware,software,andservicesNobelprize-winningscientists3,768patents(1993-1995)What’sHappeningToday?今天发生了什么？IndustryChanges工业变化

Globalization全球化Informationtechnology信息技术Knowledge-basedstrategies以知识为基础的战略Corecompetencies核心能力Innovation变革Externalpartnerships外部合作伙伴Leadingto…导致NewBusinessEquation新的商业等式Needfor…需要…… Organizationalagility敏捷的组织Speed速度Innovation变革Cost成本网络型组织对顾客诚实智力资本信息技术合作者与契约伙伴打破界限关注核心能力CoreCompetence…核心能力………isabundleofskillsandtechnologiesthatenablesacompanytoprovideaparticularbenefittocustomers.包括大量技能和技术，可以提供给消费者特殊的利益。

HamelandPrahalad,1994

SONY索尼

Miniaturization微型设计 Pocketability便携式FEDERALEXPRESS联邦快递

Logistics后勤（协调能力） On-timedelivery准时送货HONDA本田Enginedesign/mfg.机械设计Reliableperformance值得信赖的产品MOTOROLA摩托罗拉公司

Wirelesstechnology无线技术Untetheredcomm.无线沟通Core BenefittoCompetence Customer核心能力 给消费者的利益KnowledgeTechnologiesProcessesRelationshipsCRITERIA标准valuable有价值的unique唯一的extendable可扩展性learning学习 BenefitsVALUE= Costs UNIQUE=(socialcomplexity+causalambiguity) LEARNING=(experiencexchallenge)CompetingThroughPeoplet人的竞争Identify&developcoreskills确定和发展核心技能Integratediverseactivities整合多样化的动机Respondwithagility&speed敏捷、快速反应Empoweraction授权Innovate变革CoreCompetence…核心能力…isabundleofskillsandtechnologiesthatenablesacompanytoprovideaparticularbenefittocustomers.包括大量技能和技术，可以提供给消费者特殊的利益。 --HamelandPrahalad价值＝收益/成本学习＝经验×挑战唯一＝社会的复杂性＋原因的模糊性KNOWLEDGE知识-customer客户-technology技术-operations执行-managing管理

PROCESSES流程-customersegmentation客户服务部门-just-in-time(hrs)及时服务-masscustomization模块用户化-buildtoorder(AIM)以订单为核心-ROICmetrics计算基本回报率制度-experimentation试验

TECHNOLOGY技术-Premierpages主页-softwareinstallation软件安装-TPMtriggers(parts,service)-customerpurchasingsystems客户购买系统

RELATIONSHIPS关系-customerintimacy(Boeing)客户的熟悉程度-Platinumcouncils顶尖顾问-supplierpartnerships(Sony)供应商合作-employeeinvolvement雇员参与-thirdpartyservicemaintainers(TPMs)第三方提供维修服务-distributionagreements(UPS,Airbourne)分享协议“VirtualIntegration”Leadingto…Value价值Uniqueness唯一Learning学习“Alow-valueproductcanbemadebyanyoneanywhere.Whenyouhaveknowledgenooneelsehasaccessto--that’sdynamite.Weguardourintellectualassetsevenmorecarefullythanourfinancialassets.”低价值的产品任何人、任何地方都可以做。当你拥有别人无法掌握的知识时——那才是优势。我们小心保护着我们的智力资本甚至超过了我们的金融资本 --RoyVagelos,formerCEOMerck价值整合“PositivelyOutrageousService”SouthwestAirlines西南航空

TECHNOLOGY技术-Premierpages主页-softwareinstallation软件安装-TPMtriggers(parts,service)第三方提供维修服务-customerpurchasingsystems客户购买系统

PROCESSES流程-customersegmentation客户服务部门-just-in-time(hrs)及时服务-masscustomization模块用户化-buildtoorder(AIM)以订单为核心-ROICmetrics计算基本回报率制度-experimentation试验

KNOWLEDGE知识-customer客户-technology技术-operations执行-managing管理

RELATIONSHIPS关系-customerintimacy(Boeing)客户的熟悉程度-Platinumcouncils顶尖顾问-supplierpartnerships(Sony)供应商合作-employeeinvolvement雇员参与-thirdpartyservicemaintainers(TPMs)第三方提供维修服务-distributionagreements(UPS,Airbourne)分享协议积极的额外服务KNOWLEDGE知识-

microbiology微生物-biochemistry有机化学-imunodiagnostics免疫诊断(antibodies/conjugates)抗体/融合

PROCESSES流程-R&D/Mfg.研发-bioconjugation生物聚和-antibodypurification抗体提纯-PCRamplification-DNAhybridizationDNA杂交-TQM全面质量管理-commercialization商品化

TECHNOLOGY-immunoassays确定抗原-ELISA(serum/blood)免疫血清-rapiddiagnostics快速诊断-DNAbasedDNA基础

RELATIONSHIPS关系-CRC-DT,CDC-U.S.Army美国军队-WorldHealthOrg国际健康组织.-universities大学-distributionnetwork分享网络-employee(science/mkt)雇员C2=“RapidLearning”Leadingto…Anorganizationatthefrontierofitsintellectualfieldismorelikelytostayatthefrontier.Itcanattractandchallengemoreandbetterintellectthanitscompetitors.Bysolvingmoreadvancedproblems,ithasmorecapacitytosolveothers.Andsoon.”一个处于智力领域的前沿的组织一定处于行业的前沿。它能够比竞争对手吸引更多更好的人才且为其提供更多的机会。通过解决尖端问题它也能解决其他问题。 JBQuinnBIOTECHINC.Value价值Uniqueness唯一Learning学习C2=快速学习Combinationofpeopleandsystemsleadsto...HumanCapitalSocialCapitalOrganizationalCapitalBioTech,Inc.:Intellectualcapital生物技术：智力资本PeopleSystemsKNOWLEDGE知识-microbiology-biochemistry-bioconjugation-imunodiagnostics

PROCESSES流程-R&D/Mfg.-bioconjugation-antibodypurification-PCRamplification-DNAhybridization-TQM-commercialization

TECHNOLOGIES技术-immunoassays-ELISA(serum/blood)-rapiddiagnostics-DNAbaseddetection

RELATIONSHIPS关系-CRC-DT,CDC-U.S.Army-WorldHealthOrg.-universities-distributionnetwork-employee(science/mkt)C2=“RapidLearning”快速学习PEOPLESYSTEMSCoreCompetence核心能力人员系统人力资本社会资本组织资本人与系统的整合导致

Howdoeshumancapital

contributetothecorecompetence?

人力资本对核心能力的贡献Value有价值的Unique唯一的Resourcesneedtobe:资源是 BenefitsVALUE价值= CostsDrivesinnovation推动变革Respondstocustomerdemands反映消费者需求Providesexcellentcustomerservice提供出色的客户服务Achieveshighestquality达成最优质量Instrumentalinprocessimprovements有助于流程完善Developsnewbusinessopportunities发展新的商业机会Directlyaffectsefficiencyandproductivity直接影响效率和生产率Minimizescostsofproduction,service,delivery最小化产品成本、服务成本、送货成本Notwidelyavailableinthemarketz在市场上没有得到广泛的信赖Cannotbeboughtorappropriated不能被购买或采购Difficulttoimitateorduplicate难以模仿或复制SpecializedKSAs特别的KSADifficulttoreplace难以替代Customizedtoourfirm在公司定做Developedthroughon-the-jobexperiences通过有实际经验的人培训Distinguishesusfromourcompetitors差异化收益成本KEY

财务人员HR人员技术管理团队信息系统员操作人员市场/销售研发员质量控制人员生物研究员客户服务人员.快速诊断员.法律顾问分配研发人员机械操作员运输员销售员销售员技术管理团队客户服务人员HR人员研发人员快速诊断员财务人员客户服务人员操作工研发人员研发合作伙伴CoreKnowledge核心知识LowVALUEhigh低唯一性高人力资本图快速诊断ScottA.Snell,CornellUniversityC2=RapidLearningHR人员法律顾问信息管理员生物研究员财务人员质量控制员技术管理团队公用型知识CompulsoryKnowledgeIdiosyncraticKnowledge特殊知识辅助型知识AncillaryKnowledge价值低高R&DManufacturing/OperationsDistributionSalesSalesTMTCustServHRR&DRapidsFinCustomerServiceMfgR&DR&DPartnersCoreKnowledge核心知识LowVALUEhighLowUNIQUEhighBIOTECH,INC:MappingHumanCapital人力资本图KEY

Finance财务HR人力资源TMT技术管理团队MIS信息系统Mfg/Operations操作人员Market/Sales市场/销售R&D研发Quality质量Biologicals生物Cust.Service客户服务RapidDiag.快速诊断Legal/Reg.法律Distribution分配RapidsScottA.Snell,CornellUniversityC2=RapidLearningHRLegalMISBiologicalsFinQualityTMTCompulsoryKnowledgeIdi