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初中英语介词口诀总表——轻松掌握介词用法,,,,,,

,,,,,,,

序号,介词,类别,核心口诀,用法详解,典型例句,常见错误提醒

"【时间介词总口诀】

at点刻in日月年,

on具体某一天;

具体上午下午用in,

特定早晨晚上用on。",,,,,,

"💡at+具体时刻/短暂时间点(at8:00,atnoon,atnight)

in+较长时段:月份/年份/季节/世纪(inMay,in2024,insummer)

on+具体某一天/星期/节日(onMonday,onJune1st,onChristmasDay)",,,,,,

1,at,时间,"at用于点时间,

时刻正午和夜晚。","①具体时刻:at7:30

②固定短语:atnoon/midnight/dawn/dusk

③短暂时间段:atthemoment,atthattime

④年龄:attheageof12","at8:00a.m.

atnoon/atnight

atthemoment

atbreakfasttime

attheageof15","⚠atnight(不是inthenight)

⚠attheweekend(英式)"

2,in,时间,"in后年月和季节,

世纪时代大时间。","①年份/月份/季节:in2024,inMay,insummer

②一天中的时段:inthemorning/afternoon/evening

③较长时期:inthe21stcentury,inthepast

④""在…之后""(将来时):intwoweeks","inspring

inthe21stcentury

inthefuture

I'llbebackin3days.

(三天后回来)","⚠in+时间段(将来时),不是after

⚠inthemorning泛指,onMondaymorning特指"

3,on,时间,"on用于具体天,

星期节日星期天。","①星期几:onMonday

②具体日期:onMay1st,onthemorningofJune2nd

③节日:onChristmasDay,onNewYear'sDay

④特定某天的早/中/晚:onacoldmorning","onTuesday

onJune1st,2024

onarainyafternoon

onTeachers'Day

ontheeveningofJuly5th","⚠onthemorningof…(具体某天早上)

⚠ona+形容词+morning/afternoon"

4,before/after,时间,"before之前after后,

时间顺序记心头。","before:在…之前(时间/顺序)

after:在…之后(时间/顺序)

均可接名词、动名词、从句","beforedinner晚饭前

afterschool放学后

before8:00八点前

afteryouleave你离开后","⚠after+doing(不是after+todo)

⚠before/after也可作连词接从句"

5,since/for,时间,"since从…起for长达,

完成时态常配它。","since+时间点:自从…以来(since2020,sincelastMonday)

for+时间段:持续…之久(for3years,foralongtime)

常与现在完成时连用","since2010自从2010年

forfiveyears五年之久

Ihavelivedheresince2018.

Shehasstudiedfor2hours.","⚠since+时间点/for+时间段

⚠since从句常用一般过去时"

6,during,时间,"during期间从头到尾,

某个时段内伴随。","during+名词:在…期间(强调整个时间段内)

与in的区别:during更强调""贯穿整个期间""","duringthesummerholiday

duringthemeeting

Duringthewar,theysufferedalot.","⚠during=throughout(贯穿)

⚠duringmystay=whileIwasstaying"

7,from…to…,时间,"from起点to终点,

起止时间一条线。","from…to/till/until…:从…到…

可接时间、地点、数字范围

frommorningtonight从早到晚","fromMondaytoFriday

from9:00to5:00

frombeginningtoend

fromBeijingtoShanghai","⚠from…to…简洁,不要用from…and…

⚠till/until可与from搭配"

8,by/until,时间,"by是到…为止前,

until持续到某天。","by+时间:到…为止(不晚于该时间点)

until/till+时间:直到…(动作持续到该时间点)

by=notlaterthan;until=uptothepointwhen","byFriday周五前

untilFriday直到周五

Finishitby5:00.

WaituntilIcomeback.","⚠by=deadline(截止),until=duration(持续)

⚠not…until直到…才"

"【地点介词总口诀】

in内on上at某处,

above在上below下;

over正上under正下,

between两者among仨。",,,,,,

"💡in:在…内部(空间范围内)

on:在…表面(接触面)

at:在…某处(具体点/位置)

over/above:在…上方(over正上/above泛上)

under/below:在…下方

between:两者之间/among:三者及以上之间",,,,,,

9,in,地点,"in是大地方中空间,

国家城市和房间。","①大范围地点:inChina,inBeijing

②封闭空间内部:intheroom,inthebag

③在…里(三维空间):inthewater,inthesky

④在…方面:inEnglish,incolor","inChina

intheclassroom

inthestreet(英式)

inthenewspaper

intheworld","⚠inthestreet(英)/onthestreet(美)

⚠inacar(封闭空间)vsonabus(大型交通工具)"

10,on,地点,"on表表面接触上,

街道楼层河岸旁。","①在…表面(接触):onthedesk,onthewall

②在…边上:ontheriver,onthecoast

③在…楼层:onthesecondfloor

④乘坐大型交通工具:onthebus/train/plane

⑤通过…媒介:onTV,ontheradio,onthephone","onthetable

ontheleft

onthe3rdfloor

onthebus

onTV","⚠onthetree(果实长在树上)vsinthetree(外来物在树上)

⚠onabus(大型)vsinacar(小型)"

11,at,地点,"at瞄准小地点,

门牌车站校门前。","①具体小地点/点状位置:atthedoor,atthebusstop

②门牌号:at123MainStreet

③场所(功能意义):atschool,athome,atwork

④活动/事件:atthemeeting,attheparty","atthestation

athome/atschool

attheendoftheroad

atthetopofthemountain","⚠atschool(在上学/功能)vsintheschool(在校园里/空间)

⚠attable(在用餐)vsatthetable(在桌旁)"

12,above/over,地点,"above在上不接触,

over正上盖覆住。","above:在…上方(不一定垂直,不接触)

over:在…正上方(垂直),或""覆盖/越过""之意

over还可表""超过/遍及"":over100people,allovertheworld","abovetheclouds云层之上

Theskyisaboveus.

Abridgeovertheriver.

Theplaneflewoverthecity.","⚠over=正上方+覆盖/越过

⚠above=高于(不一定是正上方)

⚠over还可表""超过""(morethan)"

13,under/below,地点,"under正下below下,

温度年龄用到它。","under:在…正下方(垂直下方,可接触)

below:在…下方(低于某水平面)

below还可表""低于(数量/标准)"":belowzero,belowaverage","underthedesk桌子正下方

underthebed床底下

belowthesurface地表以下

belowzero零度以下","⚠under(垂直正下方)vsbelow(低于某水平)

⚠belowaverage=低于平均"

14,between/among,地点,"between两者among三,

between也可三者连。","between:在两者之间(betweenAandB)

between也可用于三者及以上(强调两两之间):betweenthethreecountries

among:在三者及以上之中(整体中/群体中)","betweenyouandme

amongthestudents

SwitzerlandliesbetweenFrance,GermanyandItaly.","⚠between强调""两两之间""可用于三者+

⚠among强调""在…群体中""(不可用于两者)"

15,behind/infrontof,地点,"behind后面front前,

位置关系很简单。","behind:在…后面(不一定是正后方)

infrontof:在…前面(物体外部前方)

inthefrontof:在…前部(物体内部前部)","behindthedoor门后

infrontofthehouse房子前面

Thedriversitsinthefrontofthecar.","⚠infrontof(外部前方)vsinthefrontof(内部前部)

⚠behind反义词是infrontof"

16,near/nextto/beside,地点,"near附近nextto紧邻,

beside旁边靠着行。","near:在…附近(有一定距离)

nextto:紧挨着…(相邻)

beside:在…旁边(=nextto,更偏""并排"")

by:在…旁边(=beside,口语常用)","nearthepark公园附近

nexttothebank银行隔壁

besidethewindow窗户旁边

bythesea在海边","⚠near(不挨着)vsnextto(紧挨着)

⚠beside=bythesideof"

"【方向介词总口诀】

to朝into进outof出,

across横穿through内部;

along沿着around围绕,

up向上down向下路。",,,,,,

"💡to/toward:朝…方向(to到达/toward朝向)

into:进入…内部(由外到内)

outof:从…出来(由内到外)

across:横穿(从表面穿过)

through:穿过(从内部穿过)

along:沿着(线状路径)",,,,,,

17,to/toward,方向,"to是到达toward朝向,

方向大小不一样。","to:朝…去(强调目的地/到达)

toward(s):朝…方向(强调方向,不一定到达)

常用搭配:goto,cometo,walktoward","gotoBeijing去北京

gotoschool去上学

walktowardthedoor朝门走去

flytowardthesun飞向太阳","⚠to=到达/toward=朝向

⚠toward美式/towards英式(通用)"

18,into/outof,方向,"into进入outof出,

里外变化要记住。","into:进入…里面(动态,由外到内)

outof:从…出来(动态,由内到外)

区别:in(静态在内)vsinto(动态进入)","jumpintothewater跳入水中

walkintotheroom走进房间

getoutofthecar下车

lookoutofthewindow向窗外看","⚠into=in+to(动)vsin(静)

⚠outof的of不可省略"

19,across/through,方向,"across表面横穿过,

through内部穿行过。","across:横穿/越过(从表面一边到另一边)

through:穿过(从内部/空间穿过)

across=onthesurface,through=inside","acrosstheroad过马路

acrosstheriver过河

throughthetunnel穿过隧道

throughthewindow穿过窗户","⚠acrossthestreet(平面穿过)

⚠throughtheforest(立体穿过)

⚠throughthedoor(通过门口)"

20,along/around,方向,"along沿着直线走,

around围绕转圈遛。","along:沿着…(线状路径,顺着)

around/round:围绕…,在…周围

around也可表""大约"":around3o'clock","walkalongthestreet沿着街走

alongtheriver沿河

aroundtheworld世界各地

sitaroundthetable围桌而坐","⚠along=顺着(纵向)vsacross=横穿(横向)

⚠around英式常用round"

21,up/down,方向,"up向上down向下,

沿着道路也用他。","up:向上(往高处/北方)

down:向下(往低处/南方)

up/down+道路=沿着…走(口语)","goupthestairs上楼

godownthehill下山

walkupthestreet

rundowntheroad","⚠up/downthestreet=alongthestreet

⚠upto(多达)downto(归结为)"

"【方式介词总口诀】

by靠工具with用工具,

in用语言on步行去。",,,,,,

"💡by+交通方式/手段:bybus,byhand

with+具体工具/身体部位:withapen,withmyeyes

in+语言/声音:inEnglish,inaloudvoice

on+徒步/骑马:onfoot,onhorseback",,,,,,

22,by,方式,"by表方式手段旁,

交通工具通讯网。","①交通方式:bybus/car/plane/train/ship/bike

②通讯方式:byphone/email/letter

③手段方式:byhand,bychance,bymistake

④在…旁边:bythewindow

⑤到…为止:byFriday

⑥被动语态:by+动作执行者","bybus乘公交车

byhand手工

learnbyheart记住

standbythedoor站在门旁

ThebookwaswrittenbyLuXun.","⚠by+交通工具(无冠词/无修饰)

⚠bycarvsinmycar(有修饰词)

⚠by表被动语态中的施动者"

23,with/without,方式,"with带着without无,

工具伴随和用途。","with:①用…工具:writewithapen

②和…一起:playwithfriends

③带有:agirlwithlonghair

④因为/随着:tremblewithfear

without:没有…(反义词),without+名词/动名词","cutwithscissors

withasmile带着微笑

ahousewithagarden

withoutwater没有水

leavewithoutsayinggoodbye","⚠with+具体工具vsby+抽象手段

⚠without+doing(不是without+todo)"

24,in,方式,"in用语言和声音,

穿着颜色和媒介。","①用…语言/声音:inEnglish,inalowvoice

②穿…颜色衣服:inred,inuniform

③在…媒介上:inthenewspaper

④用…材料:inink,inpencil","inEnglish用英语

inaloudvoice

inred穿红衣

inink用墨水

payincash用现金","⚠inEnglish(说/写)vswithEnglish(不常用)

⚠inink(用墨水)vswithapen(用笔)"

25,on,方式,"on表步行骑马背,

通过媒介和消费。","①步行/骑马:onfoot,onhorseback

②通过媒介:onTV,ontheradio,ontheInternet

③依靠…:liveon,dependon,feedon

④关于…:abookonhistory","onfoot步行

onthephone

ontheInternet

atalkoneducation

liveonrice以大米为主食","⚠onfoot(固定用法,不可byfoot)

⚠onTV(无冠词)vsontheradio(有冠词)"

"【其他常用介词口诀】

of所有格for为了,

about关于with一起;

except除外besides另加,

against反对靠着倚。",,,,,,

"💡of:…的(所属/属性)

for:为了/给/因为/支持

about:关于/大约

with:和/用/带有

except:除…之外(不包括)

besides:除…之外(还包括)

against:反对/靠着/以…为背景",,,,,,

26,of,其他,"of表所属和属性,

数量种类和材料。","①所属关系:thenameofthebook

②属性/特征:amanofability

③数量/种类:acupoftea,akindof

④材料:madeofwood

⑤关于:thinkof,hearof","thecapitalofChina

threeofus

apieceofpaper

madeofgold

beproudof","⚠of表示无生命名词的所有格

⚠madeof(可见原材料)vsmadefrom(不可见)"

27,for,其他,"for为给和因支持,

目的用途和为期。","①为了/给:foryou,buyagiftforher

②因为:thankyoufor,befamousfor

③支持/赞成:Areyoufororagainst?

④目的/用途:aknifeforcutting

⑤时间段:for3years

⑥价格:sellfor$10","formymother

forexample

foralongtime

waitforme

belateforschool","⚠for+名词(目的)vsto+动词(目的)

⚠for+时间段(完成时)"

28,about,其他,"about关于和大约,

四处周围也用着。","①关于:abookaboutanimals

②大约:about30students

③四处/周围:walkabout,lookabout

常用搭配:talkabout,thinkabout,worryabout,careabout","talkabouttheplan

about100yuan

Whatabout

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