读写译(仓兰菊)Unit-2-Lifestyle-and-Health培训讲学

PracticalEnglishforMasterStudentsinEngineering:Reading,WritingandTranslationLifestyleandHealthUnit2Duetotheadvancementofscienceandtechnology,manymoderndevicesmakeitmucheasierforpeopletoperformtheirdailytasksbothintheworkplaceandathome.Asaresult,peoplehavebecomemoreandmoresedentary,thatis，theydomuchoftheirworkandtheyentertainthemselvesjustsittingthere,withmuchlessphysicalactivityinvolved.Butasedentarylifestyleisveryharmfultopeople’shealth.Afterstudyingthisunit,youwillbeableto:

Understandwhathealthis.

Explaintherelationshipbetweenlifestyleandhealth.

Discusswhatlifestylesaregoodforourhealth.Lead-inUnit2:PartOne-Reading1).Howmanyhoursdoyouspendplayingwithyoursmartphoneseveryday?Howmanyhoursdoyousitinfrontofacomputereveryday?2).Doyouthinkyougetenoughphysicalactivityatuniversity?3).Doyouthinkifyouarehealthyenough?Ifnot,whathealthproblemsdoyouhave?Pre-readingActivitiesInpairsorsmallgroups,discussthequestionsbelowandtakenotes.Afterthediscussion,pleasesummarize.I.TopicPreviewPre-readingActivitiesListentothereport“CookingUpHumanIntelligence”andfillintheblankswithwhatyouhaveheard.II.ListeningPracticeWordsandExpressionsdensityn.theamountperunitsizemammaln.anyanimalofwhichthefemalegivesbirthtobabies,noteggs,andfeedsthemonmilkfromherownbody.primaten.a​memberofthemost​developedand​intelligent​groupof​mammals,​including​humans,​monkeys,and​apes灵长类的动物metabolic

a.​​processesbywhichthe​bodyuses​foodfor​energyand​growth新陈代谢的，代谢作用的CookingUpHumanIntelligenceSowhatmakesthehumanbrainso1.______?Actually,itmightnotbethatspecialafterall.In2009,Dr.SuzanaHerculanoHouzelandher2._________showedthatthehumanbrainhasthesame

3._______

ofnervecellsasotherprimates.Comparinghumanstosmallerprimates,she4.______thatourbrainisnobiggerthanitshouldbeforourbodysize.Still,giventhe

distinctive

waythatprimatebrains5._____withsize,wemayhavethemostbrain6.____ofany

mammal.Butsomemammalsarealotbiggerthanus.Shouldn’ttheyhavebiggerbrains,too?

Youareright.7._______cangrowtobethreetimesoursize,butstillhavemuchsmallerbrainsthanours.Braincellsneedmoreenergythanmostbodycells.Althoughthebrainislessthan2percentofthemassofthehumanbody,it8.________20percentofourresting

metabolic

9.______.Gorillashavetospendmorethaneighthourseverydayeatingtogetenoughcaloriestosupporttheirbigbody,andtheysimplycan’t10.______abiggerbrain.specialcolleaguesclaimsscalecellsconsumesafforddensityGorillasenergyPre-readingActivitiesA.Readeachofthesentencesbelow.Choosetheanswerthatisclosesttothemeaningoftheitalicized

wordineachsentence.III.VocabularyPreview_______1.stimulus _______3.compose_______syndrome _______eliminate_______parallel _______retain_______2.diagnosis _______4.obese_______component _______prone_______squad _______priorcacabbbcabcaPre-readingActivitiesB.Fillintheblankswiththeitalicized

wordsfromthepreviousexercise.Changethewordformifnecessary.III.VocabularyPrevieweliminate

retainscomponentssyndrome

priorsquadpronecomposedobesestimuliparalleldiagnosisTheWorkingCouchPotato:HowtoGetoutoftheSedentaryRutByJustinWolfText:GeneralUnderstandingI. Whydopeopleadoptasedentarylifestyle?II. Whathealthproblemswillitcause?III. Whatistheinfluenceonthepsychologicalwell-being?ThestructureoftheTextPara.1Para.2-6Paras.7IV. Howtoeliminatetheeffects?Para.8I.Whydopeopleadoptasedentarylifestyle?Themostbasic:

Peoplesitwhenthey:

Healthandpsychologicalproblems:

Acommonlifestylei.e.“peopleareincreasinglychoosingto...”

◆eat◆work◆watchTVorplayvideogames◆obesity◆heartdisease◆depression◆anxietyGeneralUnderstandingII. Whathealthproblemswillitcause?GeneralUnderstanding◆Obesity◆Hypertension◆Hypercholesterolemia(血胆脂醇过高)◆Hearthdisease◆Type2diabetes……III. Whatistheinfluenceonthepsychologicalwell-being?GeneralUnderstanding◆Stress◆ClinicalorsubclinicaldepressionoranxietyTheamplesolutiontoimprovingmentalwell-beingisexercise.IV. Howtoeliminatetheeffects?GeneralUnderstandingTwowaystoeliminatetheeffectsofsedentaryhabitsonpeople’shealth:—individualsshouldtakeeffortstojog,walkanddomoreexercise.—employersandschoolsshouldputforwardsolutionstomaketheemployeesandstudentshealthier.Whatarethespecificmeasures?Whatelsecanyousuggest?GeneralUnderstandingChoosethebestanswerforthefollowing.

12A8C

76543DCBBBDTheWorking:HowtoGetoutoftheSedentaryRut

ByJustinWolf1Inthemoderndaypeopleareincreasinglychoosingtoadoptasedentarylifestyle.Theyeatwhilesitting,theyplayvideogamesandwatchtelevisionwhilesitting,theytravelsitting,andtheyevenworksitting!Studentsaresubjectedtolongperiodsofbeingimmobile,andtheyloseconcentrationbecauseofit.Manyadultsgotoworkonlytositforhoursandhoursatadesk.Thentheygohomewhilesittinginacar,eatatthetable,dotheirbillsormaybesomehomework,andthenspendmanyhoursstaringatatelevisionorplayingvideogamesuntiltheygotobed.Obviously,people,bothyoungandold,arebecomingsedentary,andhencethosepeopleareexperiencinghealthproblems,suchasobesityandheartdisease.Theseailments,inturn,causemanypsychologicalproblems[suchasdepressionoranxiety].Therefore,inordertorestoregoodmentalandphysicalhealthtosedentaryindividualsitmustbeensuredthatthosepeoplegetsomeexercise.LanguageFocusTranslationCouchPotato2AstudydonebyTheNorthAmericanAssociationfortheStudyofObesityshowedthatthereis,infact,acorrelationbetweentheactivityofapersonandthepresenceorabsenceofcertainhealthproblems.Tobegintheirstudy;theypickedfivemoderatelyorseverelysedentaryworkplaceswithabout[butnomorethan]one-hundredemployees,inPrinceEdwardIsland,Canada.Thenextstepthestudytookrequiredeachemployee,fromeachofthefiveworkplaces,tobeequippedwithapedometer-adeviceusedtocalculatetheamountofstepsapersontakesdaily-todisplaytheirdailyphysicalactivity.Pleasediscusshowthisparagraphisdeveloped?LanguageFocusTranslationLanguageFocusTranslation4

Thestudyalsofound:"Participantswhoreportedapriordiagnosisofoneormorecomponentsofthemetabolicsyndrome(hypertension,hypercholesterolemia,

heartdisease,ortype2diabetes)tookfewersteps/daythanhealthyparticipants."Therefore,itcanalsobeconcludedthatlackofactivity,causedbyasedentarylifestyle,islikelytoresultinthediagnosisofoneormoreconstituentsofthemetabolicsyndrome.Inshort,gettinglittleactivityisaveryunhealthythingtodo,sodon'tbesedentary!LanguageFocusTranslation5

Thisstudytargetedsedentaryworksites,buttheproblemofsedentarylifestylesextendstothehome.Laborsavingtechnologies[suchasdishwashers,vacuums,andwashingmachines]havemadeitsopeoplearerequiredtodoverylittleinordertomaintainahousehold.Theschoolsevenretainasedentarymodel!Lessthanthirty-sixpercentofschoolsofferphysicaleducationclasses.Hencestudentsreceivenophysicalactivity,andlosefocusbecauseofthat.Iftheschoolswantbetterstudentstheyneedtofindawaytomakestudentsmorephysicallyactive.LanguageFocusTranslation6

AnotherstudybyDr.JoanGandyofOxfordBrookesUniversitysuggestedthat"theaveragemanstoodtoburn180fewercaloriesthanthenormofenergyaday,theaveragewoman142fewer."Followingthatistheconclusion:topasstheirtime,peopleprobablyentertainthemselveswithtechnologieslikevideogamesandtelevisions,andthatthosesortofentertainmentgadgetsarealsocausingpeopletobeonlyentertainedbystimulireceivedwhilesedentary.Hencetechnologyhasmadeitsothatpeoplearenolongerrequiredtopartakeinphysicalactivitytogetthroughlife,andthuspeoplehaveapredominantlysedentarilyconditionedlifestyle.LanguageFocusTranslation7

Thatlackofphysicalactivityalsoaffectsthepsychologicalwell-beingofanindividual.Therehavebeenmanystudiesshowingthatthereisaparallelbetweenphysicalhealthandmentalwell-being.Exercisereleasesendorphins[orfeel-goodchemicals]intothebloodstreamwhichreachthebraintomakeapersonfeelexulted.Inaddition,Exerciselowersbloodpressure,which,inturn,makesapersonlesspronetostress.Thereis,aswell,hundredsofstudiesandaboutthirtynarrativereviewsthatsuggestthatexercisecouldcureclinicalandsubclinicaldepressionoranxiety.Accordingly,exerciseisanamplesolutiontoimprovingmentalwell-beingandhelpspeoplebettercomposethemselvesforatasksuchasschoolorajob.LanguageFocusTranslation8

Therearetwowaystoeliminatetheaffectsofsedentaryhabitsonpeople'shealth.Firstandforemostistheeffortanindividualcantaketomakethemselveshealthful.Theycangoforajog,walkinsteadofdriving,jointhehealthclub,or[forstudents]joinanathleticsquad.Nextcomesthesolutionsemployersandschoolscaninstigatetomaketheiremployeesandstudentshealthier.Schoolscanhavemorerecess,havelongerbreaksbetweenclasses,andrequirePhysicalEducationasaclass.Employerscanhavetheiremployeesgetupabouteveryhourandwalkalaparoundthebuilding,havehealthrequirements,ormaybedosomethingcreativethinglikebuildingachair/bikewhichemployeesmustpedalforahalfofanhourbeforegettingalunchbreak.Inshort,peopleneedtogetexercisebywhatevermeanspossible.LanguageFocusTranslationcouchpotatoIdiomAcouchpotatoisanextremelyidleorlazypersonwhochoosestospendmostoftheirleisuretimehorizontalinfrontoftheTVandeatsadietthatismainlyjunkfood.“土豆”一词有双重含义，一是指终日在沙发上看电视的人就像“种在沙发前的土豆”一样不动，另一是指这类人一般总在看电视的同时不停地吃炸土豆片。这种生活习惯使人像土豆一样胖胖圆圆，沙发土豆因此得名。couchpotatoOriginanddevelopmentofcouchpotato20世纪60年代，沙发土豆的生活方式在美国开始流行，后来又传遍西方各国，并进入日渐西化的日本，随后进入中国，成为极其重要的致胖因素。1976年，美国人罗伯特•阿姆斯特朗的一位朋友首次提出了“沙发土豆”这个词语，因为它简洁而且形象、生动，便广为传播。20世纪80年代早期，阿姆斯特朗为“沙发土豆”一词做了商标注册。1993年，沙发土豆被收入《牛津英语词典》。21世纪，沙发土豆已经常见诸报章和网络，被人们广为使用。它不仅进入美国人的词汇，也逐渐被汉语世界和其他国家读者接纳。sedentary英[ˈsedntri]美[ˈsednteri]adj.坐着的（指工作等）坐着干的案头的（指人）不爱活动的a.

(Par.

1):

characterized

by

much

sitting

and

little

physicalexercise

e.g.Ifyouhaveasedentaryjob,youmusttrytosetasidetimetotakeexercise.1.Idon'tthinkasedentarylifewouldaltogethersuitme.我认为长期伏案的生活一点也不适合我。2.Peopleinsedentaryjobsneedtotakeexercise.工作上要久坐的人需要做运动.3.Bookkeepingisasedentaryoccupation.会计是一种需要坐着工作的职业.2.Studentsaresubjectedtolongperiodsofbeingimmobile,andtheyloseconcentrationbecauseofit.(Par.1):Becausestudentshavetositthereforlongperiodsofclassesbeingunabletomove,theycan'tconcentrateontheirstudies.subjectv:(oftenpassive)tocausetoexperienceorsuffere.g.Hewassubjectedtotortureinprison.Wehavetotakeitintoconsiderationthatwemaybesubjectedtoextremeweather.obesity英[əʊ'bi:sətɪ]

美[oˈbisɪti]

n.肥胖，过胖；肥胖；肥胖症；过度肥胖；单纯性肥胖correlation

英[ˌkɒrəˈleɪʃn]美[ˌkɔ:rəˈleɪʃn]n.相互关系相关性correlationn.(Par.2):asharedconnectionofcauseandeffecte.g.Thestatisticsindicatethatthereisahighcorrelationbetweenunemploymentandcrime.1.Thereisadirectcorrelationbetweenexposuretosunandskincancer.皮肤暴露在太阳下与皮肤癌直接相关。2.Thesecondgroupofmeasurementshadahighcorrelationwiththefirst.第二组测量数据与第一组高度相关.3.Areyoufamiliarwiththeircorrelation?你了解他们的相互关系吗？英[bi:iˈkwiptwið]美[biɪˈkwɪptwɪð]

装备有；装有；配备；装备1.Thosethatareusedshouldbe

equipped

withadequateaeration.这些部位应当配置有适当的充气。2.Itmustbe

equipped

withan8-bitdata-bus.它需要配备8位数据总线。3.Nearlyallmodernprocesschromatographscanbe

equipped

withfacilitiesformultistreamanalysis.几乎所有的现代工业色谱仪都配有多流路采样系统。4.Allcarsmustbe

equipped

withpartstoreduceemissions.所有汽车都必须安装减少排放物的装置.5.Itwassaidtobe

equipped

withRussianenginesandradars.有人说是俄罗斯装有发动机和雷达.beequippedwith英[peˈdɒmɪtə(r)]

美[peˈdɑ:mɪtə(r)]

n.

步数计，步程计；计步器1.Theusepedometertocalculateadayeverydayofthejourney.使用步程计,计算一天里每天走的路程.2.Newfeaturesincludevideo,voicerecording,anFMradio,andapedometer.新功能包括视频,录音,FM收音机,和一个计步器.3.Thisprogrammakesagreatpartnertoyourpedometer.这一计划作出了伟大的合作伙伴到您的计步器.4.Inaddition,walk-lovingmobilephoneuserswillbechanneledapedometertouseit.此外,爱好散步的用户可将此款手机作为计步器来使用.-miter,-meter仪器tachmiter（视距仪、准距仪），tromometer（微震仪），thermometer。pedometerundeniable=un+deny+able(anyotherexamples?)adj.不可否认的无法抵赖的

无可争辩的确实优秀的无可疵议的1.Itisundeniablethattheeconomicpictureisbrightening.不可否认经济状况正在好转。2.Hehadundeniablecharm.他具有不可否认的魅力。3.Thatallgreatarthasthispowerofsuggestingaworldbeyondisundeniable.不可否认,一切伟大的艺术都具有使人有超尘脱俗的浮想的力量.diastolic英[ˌdaɪə'stɒlɪk]美[ˌdaɪə'stɒlɪk]adj.心脏舒张的1.Bothsystolicanddiastolicpressuresarerecorded.收缩压和舒张压均可记录下来.2.Normallytheheartmovementscanbefeltasdistinctsystolicanddiastolicthumps.正常时,能够感觉到心脏的运动是性质截然不同的收缩和舒张的撞击.3.Thesystolicpressure,diastolicpressureandheartrateshowednosignificantchanges.用药后患者动脉收缩压,舒张压及心率无显著变化.fouroutofeveryfivepeople每五个人中有四个/百分之八十的人Onlytwooutofeverytenstudentsinourclassaregirls.outof1自…离开asafepassageoutofthewarzone从战争地带的安全离开Amanrushedoutofthebankandtwomentookafterhim.一名男子冲出银行,另两名男子追了出来。2从…里Agreatspurtofbloodcameoutofthewound.鲜血从伤口喷涌而出。3由于(原因,动机)outoftheneedofthemasses由于人民群众的需要4用…(材料)Thiseveningdressismadeoutofpuresilk.这件晚礼服是用真丝做的.Moretolearn5脱离了(状态)Alorryrandownthehilloutofcontrol.卡车失去了控制,直往山下冲去。Afewdaysaftertheeggsarelaid,youngfrogswhicharecalledtadpolecomeoutofthem.卵产下几天以后,称为蝌蚪的青蛙幼虫就从卵里出来了。6缺少,用光,卖完Afewofthejeepshadrunoutofammunition.几辆吉普车上的弹药已经用光了。7超越(某范围)Afewofthetileswereclearlyoutofalignment.有几片瓦明显出格了。8得自(来源)Afigureappearedoutofthedarkness.黑暗中冒出一个人影来。prior英[ˈpraɪə(r)]美[ˈpraɪɚ]adj.优先的占先的在…之前n.小修道院院长，大修道院的副院长adv.在前居先1.PriortohisJapantrip,hewenttoNewYork.在去日本之前，他去了纽约。2.Justphoneinyourorderthreeormoredayspriortodeparture.在出发的三天之前打电话预订即可。3.Fortheprioryear,theyreportednetincomeof$1.1million.他们公布上一年度纯收入为110万美元。hypertension

英[ˌhaɪpəˈtenʃn]美[ˌhaɪpərˈtenʃn]n.高血压过度紧张hypercholesterolemia英[haɪpə(:)kəlestərəʊ'li:mjə]美[ˌhaɪpəkəˌlestərə'li:mi:ə]n.血胆脂醇过多血胆甾醇过多血胆固醇过多症heartdisease英[hɑ:tdiˈzi:z]美[hɑrtdɪˈziz]n.心脏病diabetes英[ˌdaɪəˈbi:ti:z]美[ˌdaɪəˈbitɪs,-tiz]n.<医>糖尿病hyper-syndrome英[ˈsɪndrəʊm]美[ˈsɪndroʊm]n.综合征综合症状典型表现变形复数：syndromes1.Lemonjuicecanhelptopreventeconomy-classsyndromebyimprovingbloodcirculation.柠檬汁能够改善血液循环，有助于预防经济舱综合征。2.Scientistscallthisthe"itwon'taffectme"syndrome.科学家把这种现象称为“我无所谓”的典型表现。3.About70%ofwomensufferfrompremenstrualsyndrome.大约70％的女性有经前综合征。diagnosis英[ˌdaɪəgˈnəʊsɪs]美[ˌdaɪəgˈnoʊsɪs]n.诊断诊断结论判断结论变形复数：diagnoses

1.Furtherscansarerequiredtoconfirmthediagnosisofanabnormality.需要进一步扫描来确诊是否出现异常病变。2.Shebegantoconsultdoctors,andeachhadadifferentdiagnosis.她开始四处寻医，但每个医生的诊断都不相同。3.Iwouldlikeasecondopiniononmydoctor'sdiagnosis.对于我的医生的诊断，我想找一位专家进行二次诊断。target英[ˈtɑ:gɪt]美[ˈtɑ:rgɪt]n.（服务的）对象目标（射击的）靶子目的vt.瞄准把…作为攻击目标VERB攻击;批评;以…为攻击目标Hetargetstheeconomyastherootcauseofthedeterioratinglawandordersituation.他抨击经济是治安状况不断恶化的根源。VERB瞄准;面向;尽力吸引Ifyoutargetaparticulargroupofpeople,youtrytoappealtothosepeopleoraffectthem.ThecampaignwilltargetAmericaninsurancecompanies...这场活动将以美国各保险公司为目标。Thecompanyhastargetedadultsasitsprimarycustomers.这家公司将成年人作为其主要顾客。retain

英[rɪˈteɪn]美[rɪˈten]vt.保持留在心中，记住雇用付定金保留1.Dailyfacialexerciseshelphertoretaintheskin'selasticity.每天做面部运动帮助她保持皮肤弹性。2.Disneywillretaina51percentcontrollinginterestintheventure.迪斯尼将保留该项目51%的控股权。3.Vegetablesshouldretainsomefirmnessandshouldnotbesoggyandwaterlogged.蔬菜应保持一定的硬挺度，不应潮乎乎的浸透了水。gadget英[ˈgædʒɪt]美[ˈɡædʒɪt]n.小玩意小配件小装置1.Thegadgetcanbeattachedtoanyverticalsurface.这小玩意儿可以粘在任何垂直表面上。2.Thegadgetcanbeattachedtoanyverticalornearverticalsurface.该装置可以装在任何垂直或近似垂直的平面上。3.Thechildrenweresquabblingovertheremote-controlgadgetforthetelevision.孩子们正在为抢夺电视机的遥控器而争吵。stimuli英[ˈstɪmjəlaɪ]美['stɪmjəlaɪ]n.刺激刺激物促进因素(stimulus的复数形式)小尖刺1.Itisthroughournervoussystemthatweadaptourselvestoourenvironmentandtoallexternalstimuli.我们是通过神经系统使自己适应环境及所有外部刺激的。2.Doesthechildrespondtoauditorystimuli?那孩子对声音有反应吗？3.Itisnecessarytocurtailoralternormallycoexistingstimuli.必需消除或改变正常时并存的刺激.partake英[pɑ:ˈteɪk]美[pɑ:rˈteɪk]vi.参加参与吃（过去式：partook过去分词：partaken）n.参与者，分担者1VERB吃；喝；享用Ifyoupartakeoffoodordrink,youeatordrinksomeofit.Theywerehappytopartakeofourfeast,butnottoshareourcompany.他们喜欢享用我们准备的丰盛大餐，但是不喜欢和我们呆在一起。2

VERB参加；参与Ifyoupartakeinanactivity,youtakepartinit.Youwillprobablybeaskedaboutwhetheryoupartakeinveryvigoroussports.你可能会被问到是否参加非常剧烈的体育运动。3

VERB在某种程度上具有（某种特性）Ifsomethingpartakesofaparticularquality,ithasthatqualitytosomeextent.Miraclesarenotgenerallyregardedasmagical.Nevertheless,theydopartakeofthesamenature.奇迹一般不会被认为是魔法使然，不过二者在本质上有点相似。parallel

英[ˈpærəlel]美[ˈpærəˌlɛl]adj.平行的相同的，类似的[电]并联的[计]并行的adv.平行地，并列地n.平行线（面）相似物类比纬线vt.使平行与…媲美与…相比与…相似1.Parallellineswillnevermeetnomatterhowfarextended.无论延伸多长，平行线永不相交。2.FarthingLane'sjustabovetheHighStreetandparallelwithit.法辛巷刚好在大街的北面，与大街平行。3.Dotheemotionsdevelopinparallelwiththeintellect?情感与智力是并行发展的吗？endorphin

n.

achemicalproducedbyyourbodythatreducespainandcanmakeyoufeelhappier［生化］内啡肽：指将麻醉传感器联结在一起的任一肽激素群，主要存在大脑中，可缓解痛感并影响情绪exultedexult英[ɪgˈzʌlt]美[ɪɡˈzʌlt]v.狂喜，欢跃(exult的过去式和过去分词)1."ThisiswhatI'velongedforduringmyentirecareer,"Kendallexulted.“这是我整个职业生涯中梦寐以求的，”肯德尔欣喜地说。2.Iexultedandweptforjoy.我欢天喜地，喜极而泣。3.Someindividualinvestorsexultedattherecord.一些个人投资者为这一记录欢呼雀跃。prone

英[prəʊn]美[proʊn]adj.易于…的俯卧的有…倾向的倾斜的，坡陡的1.Bobslidfromhischairandlayproneonthefloor.鲍勃从椅子上滑下来，趴在了地板上。2.Astheyshorten,cellsbecomemorepronetodiseaseanddeath.细胞变小后就会更容易感染疾病，也更容易死亡。3.He'spronetoflitbetweensubjectswithamazingease.他往往会轻松自如地转换话题。subclinical

英[sʌb'klɪnɪkl]美[sʌb'klɪnəkəl]adj.临床症状不显的，亚临床的clinicaladj.临床的诊所的冷静的简陋的clinicsn.诊所(clinic的名词复数)门诊时间私人诊所临床实习1.Conclusion:HepatitisEhasclinicalandsubclinicaltypesofinfection.结论戊型肝炎存在临床型和亚临床型感染.2.Theyhavebeentreatedwiththisdruginclinicaltrials.他们已在临床试验中接受过这种药物的治疗。3.Theconditionispracticallyunknownoutsidepsychiatryclinics.除了医院的精神病科外，这种病几乎不为人知。sub-compose

英[kəmˈpəʊz]美[kəmˈpoʊz]vt.组成，构成调解[印刷]排（字）使安定vt.&vi.创作（乐曲、诗歌等）为…谱曲vi.构图，构成1.TheforcewouldbecomposedoftroopsfromNATOcountries...这支军队将由来自北约国家的部队组成。2.HestartedatoncetocomposeareplytoAnna...他马上开始给安娜写回信。3.VERB使（自己）平静(或镇定);使（表情）镇静下来Ifyoucomposeyourselforifyoucomposeyourfeatures,yousucceedinbecomingcalmafteryouhavebeenangry,excited,orupset.Shequicklycomposedherselfasthecarstartedoff...车一上路，她就很快让自己平静了下来。eliminate英[ɪˈlɪmɪneɪt]美[ɪˈlɪməˌnet]vt.排除，消除淘汰除掉<口>干掉1.Ifyouthinkyoumaybeallergictoafoodordrink,eliminateitfromyourdiet.如果觉得可能对某种食物或饮料过敏，将其从日常饮食中去除。2.Iwaseliminatedfromthe400metresinthesemi-finals...我在400米半决赛中被淘汰。3.Hedeclaredwaronthegovernmentandurgedright-wingerstoeliminatetheiropponents...他向政府宣战，并煽动右翼分子干掉他们的对手。squad英[skwɒd]美[skwɑ:d]n.（军队中的）班（暗杀）小组体育运动的运动（代表）队（对付某类犯罪活动的）警察队伍vt.把…编成班把…编入班1.HewasincontentionforaplaceintheEuropeanchampionshipsquad.他有望在欧洲锦标赛代表队中获得一席之地。2.Theclubisunderinvestigationbythefraudsquad.反诈骗调查组正在对该俱乐部进行调查。3.Murathadlookedintotheeyesofthefiringsquadwithoutflinching.穆拉特毫不退缩地直视着执行枪决的行刑队员们的眼睛。instigate英[ˈɪnstɪgeɪt]美[ˈɪnstɪˌɡet]vt.教唆煽动激起1.Itwouldnotproveworthwhiletoinstigateanuclearattack.挑起核攻击最终是不值得的。2.Hisobjectwastoinstigatealittlerebelliononthepartofthebishop.他的目的是,在主教方面煽起一场小小的造反。3.Possiblyisreceivesthemediatoinstigateonlythensuchtheextreme.可能是受到媒体的挑拨才这么极端。recess英[rɪˈses]美[ˈriˌsɛs,rɪˈsɛs]n.休息隐蔽处（山脉，海岸等的）凹处壁凹，壁龛vt.把某物放在凹处制造凹陷（暂时）休会，休课，休庭vi.休息，休会，休庭1.Parliamentreturnstoworktodayafteritssummerrecess.国会在结束夏季休会后今天开始恢复工作。2."Let'stakeaten-minuterecess",thejudgesaid,poundinghisgavel.“现在休庭10分钟。”法官敲了一记木槌说道。3.Theconferencebrokeforarecess.会议暂时休会。lap英[læp]美[læp]vt.折叠包裹，缠绕使搭接磨亮，磨平vi.折叠部分重叠舔包围n.膝下摆一圈跑道范围1.Wedon'tliveinthelapofluxury,butwe'recomfortable.我们的生活虽然并非锦衣玉食，也算是衣食无忧。2.Politicianswantalap-dogpresswhichwilluncriticallyreporttheirpropaganda.政客们想要的是不问是非、甘为他们搞宣传的哈巴狗一样的新闻媒体。3.Byhalfdistanceweheldacomfortabletwo-laplead.到半程时，我们轻松领先两圈。pedal英[ˈpedl]美[ˈpɛdl]n.踏板脚蹬子垂足线vt.&vi.踩自行车的踏板骑自行车adj.脚的踏板的1.Theharderthebrakepedalispressed,thegreaterthecar'sdeceleration.刹车踩得越用力，车子减速越猛。2.Yourfootfallsoffthepedalandyoustallthecar.你的脚离开踏板，汽车便会熄火。3.Herefusedtosoft-pedalaninvestigationintothescandal.他拒绝降低对这起丑闻的调查力度。Translation:(Para.1)

(1)现如今，人们越来越青睐久坐不动的生活方式。他们坐着吃饭，坐着玩游戏看电视，坐着旅行，甚至坐着工作。学生们被迫久坐不动，其结果是注意力下降。很多成人去上班，连续几小时坐在办公桌旁。下班他们坐车回家，吃饭，做账，写作业，之后花数小时看电视，打游戏直到就寝。显然，现在的男女老少都缺乏运动，其中一些人还面临肥胖症、心脏病一类的健康问题。这些疾病反过来又引起诸如抑郁或焦虑的心理问题。因此，要恢复人们的身心健康，这些人必须参加运动。职场沙发土豆：如何克服久坐不动的习惯Translation:(Para.2)

北美肥胖症研究协会进行的一项研究表明，一个人的活动量和某些健康问题的有无存在着相关关系。首先，他们在加拿大的爱德华王子岛选了5个相当缺乏体力活动的工作场所，从中挑选了约100名员工着手研究，接着要求每位员工佩带记步器－一种能计算一个人每天所行步数的装置，以期获得他们的体力活动情况。Translation:(Para.3)

他们的研究数据说明人的体力活动和健康之间存在着高度相关。走路最少的人体质指数最大，舒张血压最糟糕，腰围也最大，这些都是肥胖症的指标。研究还发现，从事办公室工作的每5个人中就有4个体质肥胖。Translation:(Para.4)

该研究还发现，那些曾诊断出代谢综合症的受试者比健康的受试者每天的步行量要小，这些代谢综合症包括高血压，血胆脂醇过多，心脏病，或Ⅱ型糖尿病。因此可以说，久坐不动的生活方式所引起的缺乏运动很可能导致代谢综合症的出现。总之，活动量太小很有害健康。Translation:(Paras.5)

该研究针对的是活动量小的职业场所，但久坐不动的生活方式已延伸至家庭生活。节省劳力的现代技术(像洗碗机、吸尘器、洗衣机)使人们无需多少劳作就能打理好家务。学校甚至也保持久坐不动的模式。不到36％的学校开设体育课。学生没有体育活动，其结果是注意力下降。要培养出更好的学生，学校必须想办法让学生参加更多的体育活动。Translation:(Paras.6)

牛津布鲁克斯大学琼·甘地博士的一项研究表明，一般男士每天消耗的卡路里比正常值要少180，一般女士则少142。由此可以推断:为了消遣，人们一般玩电子游戏、看电视，而这类娱乐性设施使得人们只对坐在那里享受刺激感兴趣。所以说，技术使人们生活中的体力活动减少，人们也就渐渐习惯了坐多动少的生活方式。Translation:(Para.7)

体力活动不够还会影响人的心理健康。许多研究表明，身心两方面的健康有很多相似之处。运动释放出内啡肽（体内产生的一种起镇痛作用的荷尔蒙），这种化学物质进入血液，到达脑部，使人产生兴奋感。此外，运动可以降低血压，增强人的抗压能力。数以百计的研究和对30例口头报告的研究也表明，运动能治愈临床及亚临床抑郁症和焦虑症。因此，运动是改善心理健康的有效手段，它帮助人们在面对学业和工作负担时镇定情绪。

Translation:(Para.8)

两种方法可以消除久坐不动的习惯对健康的不良影响。首先，个人要做主观努力。可以去慢跑、散步、参加健身俱乐部,或者(对学生来说)参加一个运动队。其次，雇主和学校要想办法让员工和学生健身。学校要给学生更多休息时间，课间休息可以再长点，并开设体育课。雇主可以让员工每隔一小时围着办公楼走一圈，提出员工健康要求，或者让他们做一些富有创造性的劳动，例如做一个椅子／自行车，在午餐之前骑半个小时的自行车等。总之，人们需要运动，不管何种方式都行。WordBuildingPrefix“sub-” sub是英文里常见的前缀：

1,表示在某某之下的,下面的,潜在的,例如subway地铁,submarine潜水艇,subsoil底层土,subconscious潜意识.

2,表示级别上低一等的,副的,附属的,例如subeditor副编辑,subcontinent次大陆,subsonic亚音速,subtitle副标题,subplot（小说）中次要的情节.ExerciseWordBuildingExercise1:(p.31)ChineseEnglishChineseEnglish亚热带的subtitle潜意识的潜水艇substandard次要情节的转租subzero亚文化群低于标准的零度以下的小标题再分subtropicalsubconscioussubplotsubdividesubculturesublease/subletsubmarineWordBuildingPrefix“hyper-”:

hyper-表示“超过，太多”

hypercritical吹毛求疵的(hyper+critical批评的)hyperbole夸张法(hyper+bole抛→抛得高→夸张)hypertension过度紧张;高血压(hyper+tension紧张)super表示超级

superacid

太酸的

superconductive超导的

superconscious

超意识的

superrealist

超现实主义者

ultra表示极端的

ultracentenarian

超百岁的人

ultraconservatism

极端保守主义

ultraliberal极端自由主义的/者

ExerciseWordBuildingmega-表示大和多megalith巨石megabuch（美国俚语）一百万megacycle兆周megaton百万吨级megavolt兆伏

multi-许多multichannel多渠道的，多频道的multiform多种的，形式多样的multiparty多党的multilateral多边的arch-表示“首位，第一的，主要的”architect建筑师，设计师;创造者，缔造者;造物主archbishop大主教;主教长

ExerciseWordBuildingExercise2:(p.31)EnglishChineseEnglishChinesehypercritical吹毛求疵的ultracautious及其小心的hypersensitive超级敏感的multicolored多色的hypertext超文本supertanker超级货轮hyperlink超链接superheated过热的megabuck大钱archenemy头号敌人megastar巨星archbishop大主教ultra-successful极其成功的archrival主要对手ultramodern超现实的1)Whatarethefindingsofthestudy?Whatdoes“themetabolicsyndrome”referto?2)Whatisthefactormentionedbytheauthorthatcontributestopeople’ssedentarylifestyle?Post-readingActivitiesInpairsorsmallgroups,discussthequestionsbelowandbepreparedtoreport.I.In-classDiscussionPost-readingActivitiesWatchthevideoclipentitled“HealthyLiving”anddothefollowingexercises.II.WatchandPracticePost-readingActivitiesII.WatchandPracticeEx.1 Giveabriefanswertoeachofthefollowingquestions.1)Whatistherelationshipbetweenfoodandhealth?2)Whydosomanyladiestrytolosetheirweightevenatthecostofhealth?3)Howoftendoyoueatfruit?4)Whatisahealthydiet?Post-readingActivitiesDiscusswithyourpartnersandtrytofindouthowyourpartnersdealwithstressinth