高考英语阅读理解题型及解题技巧25600课件

阅读理解题型及解题技巧

阅读体裁经过多年的发展与创新，高考英语阅读理解的选材特点、命题特点以及语篇的词数都相对稳定。阅读理解文章的语言材料一般都是原汁原味的英语文章，即inEnglish,aboutEnglish(cultures，countries，etc.)。材料涉及内容广，选材方面突出环保、人物传记、社会风俗、大众科普、广告、文学作品、时文报道等。（历届高考体裁）1.细节理解2.猜测词义

3.推理判断4.主旨大意题型及解题技巧细节理解考向一事实认定类1．特殊疑问句形式。以when，where，what，which，who，how，much/many等疑问词开头引出的问题。2．判断是非的形式。含有true/false，nottrue/false或except等的判断是非的问题。此时要注意题干中是否含有否定词，如not，never等。3．以“accordingto...”开头的提问形式。4．填空形式。常见问题形式有：1.Accordingtothepassage,who/what/

which/when/Where/why/how/howmany/howmuch/howlong/Howsoon/howoften,etc.?2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue/nottrue?3.Accordingtothepassage,Whichofthefollowingisnotmentioned?4.AllofthefollowingaretrueEXCEPT___.5.Inthepassagethewriterstatesthat____.6.Choosethebestorderinwhichthepeopledo________.7.Whichofthefollowingistrue/falseexcept…?8.Whichofthefollowingismentionedexcept…HooverDamlies______.A.betweenArizonaandNevada

B.intheBlackCanyonC.betweenNewYorkandSanFrancisco D.bothAandBThishugedamisintheBlackCanyon.Itispossibletodriveacarfromonesideoftherivertotheotheronaroad，whichisonthetopofthedam.Thisdamissobigthatthereisanelevatorinside.……

ThishugedamwascalledBoulderDamwhenitwasfinishedin1936.LateritwasrenamedHooverDaminhonorofapresidentoftheUnitedStates.HooverDam，oneofthehighestdamsintheworld，issituatedbetweenthestatesofArizonaandNevada.HooverDamlies______.A.betweenArizonaandNevada

B.intheBlackCanyonC.betweenNewYorkandSanFrancisco D.bothAandBWhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

A.LuoLinisanativeofShanghai.

B.LuoLinmovedtoHongKongwithherparents.

C.LuoLinwonthetitleofMissAsiain1991.

D.AsiaTVStationhelpedLuoLintobecomeMissAsia.MissLuoLin,MissAsiaof1991，…

BorninShanghaiandtakentoHongKongwhenshewasonlysixyearsold，LuoLinhasneverdreamedofbeingMissAsia.Herchildhooddreamwastobeanairhostess.Beforeshetookpartinthecompetition,shehadbeenanairhostessinCathayAirlineforsevenyears.However，itstilltookherthreemonthstolearntheartofwalkingonthestage,dancing,singing,making-upandotherpropermanners,designedbytheAsiaTVStation.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

A.LuoLinisanativeofShanghai.

B.LuoLinmovedtoHongKongwithherparents.

C.LuoLinwonthetitleofMissAsiain1991.

D.AsiaTVStationhelpedLuoLintobecomeMissAsia.movedMissLuoLin,MissAsiaof1991，…

BorninShanghaiandtakentoHongKongwhenshewasonlysixyearsold，LuoLinhasneverdreamedofbeingMissAsia.Herchildhooddreamwastobeanairhostess.Beforeshetookpartinthecompetition,shehadbeenanairhostessinCathayAirlineforsevenyears.However，itstilltookherthreemonthstolearntheartofwalkingonthestage,dancing,singing,making-upandotherpropermanners,designedbytheAsiaTVStation.takenAccordingtoscientists,theDIRECTcauseofmoreandfiercerstormsis

.A．greenhousegasemissions(散发)inindustrializednationsB．highersurfacewatertemperaturesoftheseaC．continuousglobalwarming D．risingsealevels…reportedtotheEarthPolicyInstitutethatthenationsufferedanunusauallyhighnumberoffiercestormsinthepasttenyears.Manyscientistsconnecthighersurfacewatertemperaturesresultingfromglobalwarmingtogreaterandmoredamagingstorms.connecttoAccordingtoscientists,theDIRECTcauseofmoreandfiercerstormsis

.A．greenhousegasemissions(散发)inindustrializednationsB．highersurfacewatertemperaturesoftheseaC．continuousglobalwarming D．risingsealevelsLaupepawasnotsatisfiedwiththeUnitedStatesbecauseitdidnot

.A.agreetoreduceitsgreenhousegasemissionsB．signanagreementwithTuvaluC．allowTuvaluanstomovetotheUSD.believetheproblemsfacingTuvaluwererealLaupepaexpresseddissatisfactionwiththeUnitedStatesforrefusingtosigntheKyotoProtocol,aninternationalagreementcallingforindustrializednationstoreducetheirgreenhousegasemissions,whichareamaincauseofglobalwarming.“Byrefusingtosigntheagreement,theUShaseffectivelytakenawaythefreedomoffuturegenerationsofTuvaluantolivethere,”LaupepatoldtheBBC.LaupepawasnotsatisfiedwiththeUnitedStatesbecauseitdidnot

.A.agreetoreduceitsgreenhousegasemissionsB．signanagreementwithTuvaluC．allowTuvaluanstomovetotheUSD.believetheproblemsfacingTuvaluwerereal(故意用与原文中一模一样的词来迷惑考生)?JackLondon’slastdayswere______.

A.usualonesB.notpooronesC.richonesD.unhappyonesJackLondonwasafamousAmericanwriter.Heburnedhimselfoutwhenhewas40.Hethoughtofhismother,Flora,whohadneverbeenaveryresponsibleperson.Hewassureshewasmentallyillandthathewasbecominglikeher.Atlasthebecametootiredtocare.Hewouldnotworkandcontinuedtospendmoneyhedidnothave.Hewouldnotchangehislife,orhiswriting,perhapshecouldnot.JackLondon’slastdayswere______.

A.usualonesB.notpooronesC.richonesD.unhappyones考向二数字计算类数字计算题可涉及年代、人物年龄、需付钱数等方面的数字计算。Youhavetopayatleast______ayearifyoustudyattheUniversityofWaikato.A.$5,250B.$8,000C.$9,000D.$11,000TuitionFees(学费)

Tuitionfeesaredifferentfromdepartmenttodepartment,generallyfrom$5,000to$6,000ayear.Forfurtherinformation:tui@waikato．ac．nz.

Accommodation(住宿)

Youcanhavearoomina4-bedroomflat,whichwillcostabout$100amonthwithotherregularlivingcostsofabout$150amonthforoneperson.Forfurtherinformation:acc@waikato．ac．nz$5000(学费)+$100(住宿费)x12(months)+$150(生活费)x12=$8000．Youhavetopayatleast______ayearifyoustudyattheUniversityofWaikato.A.$5,250B.$8,000C.$9,000D.$11,000考向三顺序排列类排列顺序类细节理解题的考查形式是在选项中列举一些具体的事实，然后要求学生根据文章内容对选项中的事实进行排序。Whichofthefollowingisthecorrectorderofshoppingwiththecomputerizedshoppingcarts?a.Startthesystem.b.Makeashoppinglist.c.Findthethingsyouwant.d.Gotoaself-checkoutstand.A.abdc B.bacdC.acbdD.bcadPeoplecanuseahomecomputertomaketheirshoppinglists.Onceatthestore,ashoppercanuseapreferredcustomercardtostartasystem(系统)thatwillorganizethetriparoundthestore.Ifyou'relookingfortoothpicks,youtypeinthewordorpickitfromalist,andamapwillappearonthescreenshowingwhereyouareandwhereyoucanfindthem.Whichofthefollowingisthecorrectorderofshoppingwiththecomputerizedshoppingcarts?a.Startthesystem.b.Makeashoppinglist.c.Findthethingsyouwant.d.Gotoaself-checkoutstand.A.abdc B.bacdC.acbdD.bcad主旨大意

考查考生加工与浓缩信息的能力如何做主旨大意题

做此类题目时，可利用文中主要信息来把握文脉，进行综合归纳，概括文章的主题。如有标题，标题中的蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。另外，任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。1.标题类常见的题型:1.Thebesttitle/headlineforthispassagemightbe____.2.Thetext(passage)couldbeentitled

.3.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?4.Whichofthefollowingwouldbesuitableasatitleforthepassage?题干表现形式1.Thispassagechieflydealswith____.2.What’sthetopicofthearticle?3.Whatisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?4.Withwhattopicisthepassagechieflyconcerned?2：大意类（文章和段落）常见题型Theauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthe

passageis______.Thepassageismeantto_____Thepurposeofthisarticleis_______3：目的类常见题型主题句呈现的形式A.文首提出主题,随之用细节来解释,支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想.最常见的演绎法写作方式。Thepandaisapopularanimal.StoriesaboutthepandaintheWashingtonZooarealwaysfrontpagenewsandimportantfeaturesontelevisionnewscasts.Stuffedpandasareamongthemostpopulartoysforchildren,andpandapostcardsarealwaysindemandinzoogiftshops.Todaytheproblemofenvironmenthasbecomemoreandmoreserious.Theworldpopulationisrising,soquicklythattheworldhasbecometoocrowded.Weareusingupournaturalresourcestooquicklyandatthesametimewearepollutingourenvironmentwithdangerouschemicals.Ifwecontinuetodothis,humanlifeonearthwillnotsurvive.B.文尾

在表述细节后,归纳要点,印象,结论建议或结果,以概括主题.这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式。C.文中通常前面只提出问题，文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出,而后又作进一步的解释,支撑或发展。(detail)(detail)(detail)无主题句即主题句隐含在全文中,没有明确的主题句.必须根据文篇中所提供的事实细节，进行全面考虑，综合分析，然后找出共同的东西，归纳成一般概念。必须注意的是，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。detaildetaildetailTypesOfParagraphStructurestypeThepositionofthetopicInformationwordsAtthebeginningAttheendInthemiddleNocleartopicsentenceforexample……so,therefore,……特别注意：文章中的but,however,asaresult,therefore等词。它们通常是引出中心主旨的方向词。而forexample,first,ortobeginwith等是引出细节的信息词，在它们之前往往提到文章的中心主旨。

PassageB(NMET2003)Readingtodogsisanunusualwaytohelpchildrenimprovetheirliteracyskills(读写能力).Withtheirshiningbrowneyes,waggingtails,andunconditionallove,dogscanprovidethenonjudgmentallistenersneededforabeginningreadertogainconfidence(自信心),accordingtoIntermountainTherapyAnimals(ITA)inSaltLakeCity.Thegroupsaysitisthefirstprograminthecountrytousedogstohelpdevelopliteracyinchildren,withtheintroductionofReadingEducationAssistanceDogs(READ).

TheSaltLakeCityPublicLibraryissoldontheidea.“Literacyspecialistsadmitthatchildrenwhoreadbelowtheleveloftheirfellowpupilsareoftenafraidofreadingaloudinagroup,oftenhavelowerself-respect,andregardreadingasaheadache,”saidLisaMyron,managerofthechildren’sdepartment.

LastNovemberthetwogroupsstarted“DogDayAfternoon”inthechildren’sdepartmentofthemainlibrary.About25childrenattendedeachofthefourSaturday-afternoonclasses,readingforhalfanhour.Thosewhoattendedthreeofthefourclassesreceiveda“pawgraphed”bookatthelastclass.TheprogramwassosuccessfulthatthelibraryplanstorepeatitinApril,accordingtoDanaThumpowsky,publicrelationsmanager.

ExampleandsuccessoftheprogramHowtogetthemainideaofapassage?

PassageB(NMET2003)Readingtodogsisanunusualwaytohelpchildrenimprovetheirliteracyskills(读写能力).Withtheirshiningbrowneyes,waggingtails,andunconditionallove,dogscanprovidethenonjudgmentallistenersneededforabeginningreadertogainconfidence(自信心),accordingtoIntermountainTherapyAnimals(ITA)inSaltLakeCity.Thegroupsaysitisthefirstprograminthecountrytousedogstohelpdevelopliteracyinchildren,withtheintroductionofReadingEducationAssistanceDogs(READ).

TheSaltLakeCityPublicLibraryissoldontheidea.“Literacyspecialistsadmitthatchildrenwhoreadbelowtheleveloftheirfellowpupilsareoftenafraidofreadingaloudinagroup,oftenhavelowerself-respect,andregardreadingasaheadache,”saidLisaMyron,managerofthechildren’sdepartment.

LastNovemberthetwogroupsstarted“DogDayAfternoon”inthechildren’sdepartmentofthemainlibrary.About25childrenattendedeachofthefourSaturday-afternoonclasses,readingforhalfanhour.Thosewhoattendedthreeofthefourclassesreceiveda“pawgraphed”bookatthelastclass.TheprogramwassosuccessfulthatthelibraryplanstorepeatitinApril,accordingtoDanaThumpowsky,publicrelationsmanager.

Exampleandsuccessoftheprogram59.Whatismainlydiscussedinthetext?

A.Children’sreadingdifficulties.B.Advantagesofraisingdogs.C.Serviceinapubliclibrary.D.Aspecialreadingprogram.detailsParagraphideasPassageidea猜测词义词义猜测题着重考查学生根据上下文猜测词义的能力，这也是一个从“已知”得出“未知”的过程，即利用上下文的已知部分(尤其是该词或短语前后的句子)进行推理，有时还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义。QuestionForm(1)Theword“…”inLine…means/canbebestreplacedby…(2)Asusedinthepassage,thephrase“…”suggests…(3)Fromthepassage,wecaninferthattheword/phrase“…”is/refersto…(4)Theword“…”isclosestinmeaningto…1.Whichofthefollowingwordsisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinthelastparagraph?2.Theunderlinedwordinthesecondparagraphmeans“__________”．3.Theword“it/they”inthelastsentencerefersto“__________”．4.Whatdoesthephrase“__________”inParagraph1mean?5.Theunderlinedword“__________”inParagraph2canbestbereplacedby“__________”．根据解释确定词义技巧11.Socialmobilityisthemovementfromoneclassorleveloflivingtoanother.2.Theotherquestionedtheveracity--–thetruthfulnessofthesereports.社会流动性真实性3.Heisaresoluteman,oncehesetsupa

goal,hewillnotgiveitupeasily.4.Hewasaprestidigitatorwhoentertained

thechildrenbypullingrabbitsoutofhats,swallowingfire,andothersimilartricks.坚决的变戏法者根据对比确定词义技巧2Inthepasttheworldseemedtoruninanorderlyway.Now,however,everythingseemstobeinastateofturmoil.一片混乱根据逻辑确定词义技巧3Ifyouarecapableofworkingtwelvehoursadaywithoutarest,andifyoucanengageinphysicalexerciseforhourswithoutseemingtogettired,thenyouareindefatigable.不知疲倦的根据上下文情景确定词义技巧4Theunderlinedphrase“moppingup”inthesecondparagraphmeans___.AcleaningupBtakinginCwipingoutDgivingoutRainforestsliketheAmazonareimportantformoppingupCO2fromtheatmosphereandhelpingtoslowglobalwarming.CurrentlythetreesintheAmazontakeinaround500milliontonsofCO2eachyear:equaltothetotalamountofCO2givingoffintheUKeachyear.根据上下文情景确定词义技巧4Theunderlinedphrase“moppingup”inthesecondparagraphmeans___.

AcleaningupBtakinginCwipingoutDgivingout利用构词法猜测词义技巧5利用同义词、近义词、反义词猜测词义技巧61.Theoffspringofapairofbirdsleavethenestwhentheyarebigenoughtofly．

A．childrenB．ancestorsC．generationsD．mates2.ThereisastackofpapersonMr.Green’sdesk．

A．pieceB．balanceC．mixtureD．pileTrytodothefollowingexercises:根据上下文推测各题中划线词的词义3.Beforeyoubuysomething，checkthe

qualityfirst．Forexample,ifitischeap,itmightnotbegood．

A．howgooditisB．whatthecolorisC．whatthesizeisD．howbigitis4.Pleasegivemeyourrecipeforthiscake，

soIcanmakeittoo．

A．adishB．directionsforcookingC．amealD．directionstoyourhouse5.Beforeababylearnstowalk,ithasto

crawlonthefloor．

A．walkontwofeetB．flyC．sitinachairD．moveonthehandsandknees6.Mr.Brownisanamateur

photographer．Heisanengineer．Butinhisfreetimehelikestotakepictures．

A.asahobbyB．formoneyC．asajobD．asworkTHANKYOUSUCCESS8/7/202668可编辑7.ThissmallChristmastreeismadeofplastic．Itisnotarealtree．Itis

artificial．

A.beautifulB.notnaturalC.foraspecialholidayD．inanartmuseum8.whalesandelephantsaregigantic

animals．Nootheranimalscancomparewiththeminsize．

A.smallB．landC．seaD．huge9.Thekiwilaysthelargesteggsintheworld.Thestrangethingaboutthekiwiisthatitcannotfly．

A·akindoffishB．akindofcatC.akindofrockD．akindofbird10.SomeAfricanscarvebeautifulhumanandanimalfiguresoutofwood．Theyselltheircarvingstostoresandmuseums．

A．drawB．beatC．heatD．cut11.Chickenpoxcanbeveryseriousforachildwhoisnotingoodhealth．Thechilddevelopsredspots，andfeelshotanduncomfortable．Ahealthychildgetswellquickly．

A．akindofanimalB．akindoffoodC．akindofchildhooddiseaseD．alackofpurewater12.Alishowedtheclassapictureofhim,hiswife，andtheirbaby．Pierre'sfamilyhaslivedintheeastofCanadafortwohundredyears．TheirancestorscamefromFrance．

A.familymembersfromalongtimeagoB.grandparentsandtheirgrandchildrenC.parents,grandparentsandgreat-grandparentsD．familymembersalllivingatthesametime推理判断1.不选择照抄原文的选项，要选择要有同义词解释的选项。2.不选事实细节选项3.不选非事实选项4.选概括性/哲理性的选项技巧常见问题形式:1.Itcanbeinferred/concludedfromthepassagethat______2.Thepassagesuggests/impliesthat____3.Bythefirstsentenceofthesecondparagraph,theauthormeans_____4.Wecanconcludethat_________.5.Whenthewritertalksabout...,whathereallymeansisthat_____.6.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?1.Thewritertalkedaboutthewaitress'agebecausehethought___________.A.shewasyoungB.itapleasuretomakefriendswithherC.shewasbeautifulD.itstrangeforhertofallinlovewithhim2.Thewaitresssaidhellotothewritereverydaybecause___________.A.shelivednearhishouseB.heoftenwenttovisithermotherC.shewantedtobefriendlywithhimD.shelovedhimverymuchWhentheyoungwaitressnearmyhousestartedsayinghellotomeeveryday,Iwasveryhappy.ShewasatleastfifteenyearsyoungerthanI.Onedayshesignedmetocomenear.WhenIwalkedover,sheasked,”Areyousingle?"“Why,yes."Ianswered,smilingatherhappily.“Soismymother."shesaid,“Wouldyouliketomeether?"1.Thewritertalkedaboutthewaitress'agebecausehethought___________.A.shewasyoungB.itapleasuretomakefriendswithherC.shewasbeautifulD.itstrangeforhertofallinlovewithhim2.Thewaitresssaidhellotothewritereverydaybecause___________.A.shelivednearhishouseB.heoftenwenttovisithermotherC.shewantedtobefriendlywithhimD.shelovedhimverymuch1.Whydopeopleputhotmetalinwater?A.Tomakeithard.B.Tomakeitsoft.C.Tomakeitcool.D.Tomakeitbrittle.2.Inannealing,therequiredhardnessofmetaldependson__.A.thequantityofwaterusedB.thetemperatureofthemetalC.thesoftnessofthemetalD.thetimingoftheoperation3.Assuggestedbythetext,howcanglassbemadelessbrittle?A.Itcanbeheatedandthencooledquickly.B.Itcanbecooledandthenheatedslowly.C.Itcanbeheatedandthencooledslowly.D.Itcanbecooledandthenheatedquickly.Annealingisawayofmakingmetalsofterbyheatingitandthenlettingitcoolveryslowly.Ifmetalisheatedandthencooledveryquickly,forexamplebydipping(浸)itinwater,itwillbeveryhardbutalsoverybrittle-thatis,itwillbreakeasily.Metalthathasbeenannealedissoftbutdoesnotbreakaseasily.Itispossibletomakemetalashardorassoftasitiswished,byannealingit.Themetalisheated,andallowedtocoolslowlyforacertainlengthoftime.Thelongertheheatedmetaltakestocoolslowly,thesofteritbecomes.Annealingcanalsobeusedonothermaterial,suchasglass.1.Whydopeopleputhotmetalinwater?A.Tomakeithard.B.Tomakeitsoft.C.Tomakeitcool.D.Tomakeitbrittle.2.Inannealing,therequiredhardnessofmetaldependson___________.A.thequantityofwaterusedB.thetemperatureofthemetalC.thesoftnessofthemetalD.thetimingoftheoperation3.Assuggestedbythetext,howcanglassbemadelessbrittle?A.Itcanbeheatedandthencooledquickly.B.Itcanbecooledandthenheatedslowly.C.Itcanbeheatedandthencooledslowly.D.Itcanbecooledandthenheatedquickly.观点和态度理解作者的观点和态度题：既考查学生对字面意思的理解，也考查学生对作者写作目的、态度、观点等的理解。正确理解作者的写作意图，所持的观点及阐述文章主题时语气或他对所论述的对象的态度。假如你是作者，你为什么要写本文？此类考题的主要形式：1.Thewriter’spurposeinwritingthisstoryis______.2.Thetextdiscussesmenandwomen50,000yearsfromnowinordertoshowthat_____.辨认三种作者使用的表达情感、态度及观点的词汇，以及承接上下文的连接词。注意：贬义：disgust,critical,negative,

tolerant,disappointment褒义:

positive,wonder,support,useful,interesting,enthusiasm,admiring…中立:

indifferent,impassive,uninterested,ambivalent,neutral,apathetic,disinterested,

Theauthorappears___modernadvertising.

A.tolikeB.tobeindifferenttoC.todislikeD.toknowhowtodealwithe.g.Oneofthemostauthoritativevoicesspeakingtoustodayis,ofcourse,thevoiceoftheadvertisers.Itshoutsatusfromthetelevisionscreenandtheradioloudspeakers;wavestousfromeverypageofthenewspaper;signalstousfromtheroadsidebill-boardsalldayandflashestousincoloredlightsallnight.(根据文章作者用词来判断)Theauthorappears___modernadvertising.

A.tolikeB.tobeindifferenttoC.todislikeD.toknowhowtodealwithe.g.Thewriterusestheexampleof“ocelots”toshowthat_________.A.wildanimalshavebecomemoredangerousB.thedrivingconditionshaveimprovedgreatlyC.themeasureforprotectingwildlifefailstoworkD.anincreasingnumberofanimalsarekilledinroadaccidents.MillionsofanimalsdieeachyearonU.S.roads,theFederalHighwayAdministrationreports.Infact,onlyabout80ocelots,anendangeredwildcat,existintheU.S.today.Themainreason?Roadkill.Thewriterusestheexampleof“ocelots”toshowthat_________.A.wildanimalshavebecomemoredangerousB.thedrivingconditionshaveimprovedgreatlyC.themeasureforprotectingwildlifefailstoworkD.anincreasingnumberofanimalsarekilledinroadaccidents.篇章结构１．说明文的基本结构DescriptivewritingDefinition(Introduction)Description(Explanation)ConclusionExamplesComparisonClassification2.议论文的基本结构ArgumentationTopicArgumentsconclusionOpinionSupportingsentencesfactsexamplestheory论点论据结论3.记叙文的基本结构NarrativewritingsStorypresentationEndingTimecluesInvertedtimecluessurprisinghumorous对文章基本结构理解的考查方式:1.问结构１）Howisthetextorganized?A.Topic—Argument—ExplanationB.Opinion—Discussion—DescriptionC.Mainidea—comparison—supportingexamplesD.Introduction—supportingexamples--conclusion2)Thefirstparagraphisusedas…/to…3)ThefirstparagraphmentionedPeterJennings’deathinorderto______.2.问指代1)Theword“everything”inparagraph2means____2)Whatdoestheunderlinedwordinparagraph4referto?3.问文章出处/前文／后续1).Thepassageismostlikelytobetakenfrom___2.Thepassageismostlikelyapartof____3)Thepassageismostlikelytobetakenfromthearticleentitled_____4)Whatmaybetalkedaboutbeforethefirstparagraph?/afterthelastparagraph?5)Theparagraphfollowingthepassagewillprobablydiscuss____

小试身手：

1.

Magellan’smenwerethefirsttomakethetriparoundtheworld.Ittookthemmorethantwoyearstodosobyship.Magellan’svoyagewasthefirsttriparoundtheworld.1.time2.shipsandpeople3.route4.Sufferingsanddifficultiesa.Lackoffoodandfreshwaterb.Hungeranddiseases

c.DeathsTheprocessofMagellan’slongdifficultvoyage5.success

3.Magellan’svoyageprovedthatmencouldsailaroundtheworldandthatourearthisbutahugeball.Magellan’svoyagedprovedtheearthisround.Para1:Magellan’svoyagewasthefirsttriparoundtheworld.Para2:TheprocessofMagellan’slongdifficultvoyagePara3:Magellan’svoyageprovedtheearthisround.Magellan’svoyage(toonarrow)(toonarrow)(toobroad)(proper)遵循四字原则:准全新用精炼的语言概括出文章的中心思想要注意文章的内涵和外延,把作者的观点准确地表达出来.要排除掉那些片面的选项,选取包含文章的主要内容及作者观点的选项,范围不宜过大或过小.所选择的标题要新颖,对读者有吸引力,能激发读者的阅读兴趣.精应试技巧1.主题句的特点主题句所表达的意思具有概括性句子结构简单明了,作者一般不会采用长句或结构复杂的句子作为文章的主题句文章或段落的其他句子都是对主题句的进一步解释,说明,论证或扩展.

一.文首找主题句,提炼文章标题

新闻报道,说明文,议论文二:文尾找主题句,提炼标题或归纳大意.议论文总--分--总三:首尾呼应展现主题句,瞻前顾后归纳大意.四:整合每一段的主题句,归纳大意五:从段落中归纳要点抓大意.

有些文章或段落无明显的主题句,只是暗示性地体现主题.这就要求考生在阅读过程中根据文中所叙述的事实或提供的线索来概括总结主旨大意2.主题句的位置

3.选项分析正确选项的特点含有抽象名词和概括性词语.四个选项中,含有approach,concept,chance,opportunity,various,both,general,many,difficult,way,necessity,necessary,importance等词的选项一般是正确选项.四个选项中,内容相近或完全相反的两个选项中往往有一个是正确选项那些概括全文,内容全面,含义深刻,说明道理的选项一般是答案项,而选项内容片面,单一的内容一般是错误选项.错误选项的特点以偏概全.只是局部信息,或是一句没有展开论述的话.过于笼统.即归纳的主题太泛,与细节脱节或是没有对细节加以充分论述.把观点强加与作者.读者往往根据自己的常识对文章进行判断而忽视了作者的见解.无关信息,既在文章中没有提到或找不到语言依据的信息

从前面所述可知，查找主旨、标题时，我们要学习识别文章中最基本,最具有概括力的信息。这种信息应能归纳和概括文中其它信息所具有的共性。

例1：Choosethemostgeneralword.

A)chemistB)physicistC)scientistD)biologist该问题要求找出最有概括力的词。Cscientist符合题意,因为它包括了chemist,physicist和biologist,而A,B和D都指某一具体学科的科学家,不能概括其他词。因此,scientist最具有概括性。

例2：Choosethemostgeneralsentence.

A)Thehotelofferscomplimentarycoffeefrom7to10a.m.daily.

B)TherearemanyreasonswhyguestsfeelathomeattheGloriettaBayInn.

C)Thecoin-operatedlaundryroomhasanironingboard.

D)ThereareanumberofextraservicesattheGloriettaBayInnincludingbaby-sitting.

A,C,D都是从不同的侧面说明旅馆的服务情况,相互间并无联系。而B却概括了A,C