2026年英语专业四级完形填空与语法专项提升试题解析

2026年英语专业四级完形填空与语法专项提升试题解析考试时间：______分钟总分：______分姓名：______第一部分完形填空阅读下面的短文，文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。根据上下文的要求，为每个空白选择一个最佳选项，并在答题纸上写出所选项的字母。Thehumanbrainisanincrediblycomplexorgan,responsiblefornearlyeveryfunctionthatmakesushuman.Itcontrolsourthoughts,feelings,memories,movement,andevenourbasiclifefunctionslikebreathingandheartbeat.Despiteitsvitalrole,scientistsarestillworkingtofullyunderstandhowthebrainworks.Fordecades,researchhasfocusedonidentifyingthedifferentpartsofthebrainandtheirspecificjobs.Thecerebrum,thelargestpart,isdividedintoleftandrighthemispheres.Eachhemispherecontrolstheoppositesideofthebodyandisresponsiblefordifferenttypesofthinking.Thelefthemisphere,forexample,isoftenassociatedwithlogicalreasoningandlanguageskills,whiletherighthemisphereislinkedtocreativityandspatialawareness.Belowthecerebrumliesthecerebellum,whichiscrucialforcoordinationandbalance.Itensuresthatourmovementsaresmoothandprecise,whetherwearewalking,running,orplayingamusicalinstrument.Withoutthecerebellum,evensimpletaskswouldbecomeincrediblydifficult.Anothervitalcomponentisthebrainstem,whichconnectsthebraintothespinalcord.Itactsasarelaycenter,transmittingsignalsbetweenthebrainandtherestofthebody.Thebrainstemalsoregulatesmanyautomaticfunctionsessentialforsurvival,suchasbreathing,heartrate,andbloodpressure.Deepwithinthebrainarestructureslikethehippocampus,whichiscriticalforformingnewmemories,andtheamygdala,whichprocessesemotionslikefearandpleasure.Thesestructuresworktogether,alongwithmanyothers,tocreatetherichinnerworldofthoughtsandfeelingsthatdefinehumanexperience.Understandingthebrainisnotjustanacademicpursuit;ithaspracticalimplicationsforourhealthandwell-being.BraindiseaseslikeAlzheimer's,Parkinson's,andstrokeaffectmillionsofpeopleworldwide,causingimmensesufferinganddisability.Bylearningmoreaboutthebrain'sstructureandfunction,scientistshopetofindbetterwaystoprevent,diagnose,andtreattheseconditions.Advancesintechnology,suchasfMRIscansandgeneticstudies,haveprovidedresearcherswithpowerfultoolstostudythebraininunprecedenteddetail.Thesetoolsallowscientiststoobservebrainactivityinreal-timeandidentifythegeneticfactorsthatmaypredisposeindividualstocertainbraindisorders.Whilemuchremainstobediscovered,theprogressmadesofaroffersaglimpseintotheremarkablecomplexityofthehumanbrain.1.Theword"incredibly"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto______.2.Accordingtothepassage,thecerebrumis______.3.Whatistheprimaryroleofthecerebellum?4.Thebrainstemisdescribedasa______.5.Thehippocampusismentionedinthepassageasbeingimportantfor______.6.Theword"defines"inthesixthparagraphisclosestinmeaningto______.7.Thepassagesuggeststhatunderstandingthebrainisimportantfor______.8.Accordingtothepassage,whathaveadvancesintechnologyallowedresearcherstodo?9.Theword"predispose"intheseventhparagraphisclosestinmeaningto______.10.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?第二部分语法Rewriteeachofthefollowingsentencesaccordingtotheinstructionsgiveninparentheses,withoutchangingthemeaningoftheoriginalsentence.11.Themanagerappreciatedthehardworkthattheteamhadputintotheproject.(Useaninfinitivephrasetostartthesentence.)12.Shesaidthatshehadfinishedherhomework.(Changethesentenceintothepassivevoice.)13.Althoughheisrich,heisnothappy.(Combinethetwosentencesintooneusingaconjunction,makingthesecondclausedependent.)14.Noonecandenythattheinternethaschangedourlivessignificantly.(Rewritethesentencebeginningwith"Itisadmittedthat...")15.Thebook,whichwaswrittenbyafamousauthor,isveryinteresting.(Rewritethesentenceastwoseparatesentences.)16.HavingstudiedFrenchforfiveyears,MariafoundtheFrenchfilmeasytounderstand.(Rewritethesentenceusingarelativeclause.)17.Weweresurprisedbythenewsthattheyhaddecidedtomoveabroad.(Changethesentenceintoanactivevoicesentence.)18.Theteacheraskedthestudentsiftheyhadstudiedfortheexam.(Rewritethesentenceusingaconditionalsentencetype,expressingapastsituationanditsresult.)19.Itisessentialthateveryoneshouldfollowtherules.(Rewritethesentenceusingthecorrectstructurewith"essential".)20.Shearrivedattheairport,onlytofindthatherflighthadalreadyleft.(Rewritethesentenceusingaparticipialphrase.)试卷答案第一部分完形填空1.incredibly解析思路：根据上下文，文章开头强调人脑是一个极其复杂的器官，"incredibly"意为“极其地，难以置信地”，符合此处强调复杂程度的含义。其他选项如unusually（不同寻常地）、significantly（显著地）、vastly（巨大地）均无法准确表达原文想要强调的“极其复杂”之意。2.dividedintoleftandrighthemispheresandcontrolsdifferenttypesofthinking解析思路：根据文章第二段，“Thecerebrum,thelargestpart,isdividedintoleftandrighthemispheres.Eachhemispherecontrolstheoppositesideofthebodyandisresponsiblefordifferenttypesofthinking.”段落明确说明了小脑是最大的部分，分为左右两个半球，并控制不同类型的思考。选项A（thecenterofthenervoussystem）不准确，选项C（responsibleforbasiclifefunctions）是脑干的功能，选项D（locatedbelowthecerebellum）是位置描述。3.coordinationandbalance解析思路：根据文章第三段，“Belowthecerebrumliesthecerebellum,whichiscrucialforcoordinationandbalance.Itensuresthatourmovementsaresmoothandprecise...”明确指出小脑对于协调和平衡至关重要。选项B（memoryformation）、选项D（emotionprocessing）、选项C（breathingregulation）分别是海马体、杏仁核和脑干的功能。4.arelaycentertransmittingsignalsbetweenthebrainandtherestofthebody解析思路：根据文章第四段，“Thebrainstem,whichconnectsthebraintothespinalcord.Itactsasarelaycenter,transmittingsignalsbetweenthebrainandtherestofthebody.”描述了脑干作为连接大脑和脊髓的桥梁，起着信号中转站的作用。选项A（thecontrolcenterforthecerebellum）、选项B（thesourceofbasiclifefunctions）、选项C（theprocessingcenterforemotions）均不符合原文描述。5.formingnewmemories解析思路：根据文章第五段，“Deepwithinthebrainarestructureslikethehippocampus,whichiscriticalforformingnewmemories...”明确指出海马体对于形成新记忆至关重要。选项A（controllingmovement）、选项B（processingfear）、选项C（regulatingheartbeat）分别是小脑、杏仁核和脑干的功能。6.represents解析思路：根据文章第六段，“Thesestructuresworktogether,alongwithmanyothers,tocreatetherichinnerworldofthoughtsandfeelingsthatdefinehumanexperience.”这里“defines”意为“界定，代表了”，指这些结构共同构成了人类经验丰富的内心世界，代表了人类的本质。选项A（describes）、选项B（causes）、选项C（expresses）均无法准确传达此意。7.ourhealthandwell-being解析思路：根据文章第六段后半部分，“Understandingthebrainisnotjustanacademicpursuit;ithaspracticalimplicationsforourhealthandwell-being.”明确指出理解大脑对健康和福祉有实际意义。选项A（scientificknowledge）、选项B（economicgrowth）、选项C（technologydevelopment）均不是原文所指的实际意义。8.observebrainactivityinreal-timeandidentifythegeneticfactors解析思路：根据文章第七段，“Advancesintechnology,suchasfMRIscansandgeneticstudies,haveprovidedresearcherswithpowerfultoolstostudythebraininunprecedenteddetail.Thesetoolsallowscientiststoobservebrainactivityinreal-timeandidentifythegeneticfactors...”说明技术进步使研究人员能够实时观察大脑活动并识别遗传因素。选项B（increasethesizeofthebrain）、选项C（curebraindiseases）、选项D（understandemotions）均不是原文所述的技术允许做的事情。9.makesomeonelikelytoexperiencesomething解析思路：根据文章第七段，“...andidentifythegeneticfactorsthatmaypredisposeindividualstocertainbraindisorders.”这里“predispose”意为“使易受…影响，使倾向于”，指基因可能使个人易患某些脑部疾病。选项A（prevent）、选项B（cause）、选项C（treat）均不是“predispose”的意思。10.Thepassagediscussesthestructureandfunctionofthehumanbrainandtheimportanceofunderstandingit.解析思路：文章首段引出人脑的复杂性，第二、三、四段分别介绍了大脑皮层、小脑和脑干的结构和功能，第五段介绍了海马体和杏仁核的功能，第六段强调了理解大脑的重要性及其对健康的影响，第七段讨论了科技进步在脑研究中的应用。总结来看，文章讨论了人脑的结构与功能，以及理解其重要性。第二部分语法11.Appreciatingthehardworkthattheteamhadputintotheproject,themanager...解析思路：题目要求使用不定式短语开头改写句子。原句中，“Themanagerappreciatedthehardwork...”是主句，“thattheteamhadputintotheproject”是定语从句修饰“thehardwork”。改写时，将不定式短语"Appreciatingthehardworkthattheteamhadputintotheproject"放在句首作伴随状语，主句部分将"themanager"提前，并保持谓语"appreciated"。12.Itwassaidthatshehadfinishedherhomework.解析思路：题目要求将句子改为被动语态。原句"Shesaidthatshehadfinishedherhomework."是主动语态，主语"she"发出动作"finished"。改为被动语态后，动作的承受者"herhomework"成为新的主语，使用"was/were+过去分词"结构，原主语"she"可以用"by+介词宾语"引出，也可以省略。这里采用"Itwassaidthat+被动句"的结构，即"Itwassaidthatherhomeworkhadbeenfinishedbyher."，简化为"Itwassaidthatshehadfinishedherhomework."。13.Althoughrich,heisnothappy.解析思路：题目要求用连词合并两个句子，使第二个句子从属于第一个。原句两个句子分别是"Heisrich."和"Heisnothappy."，它们之间存在让步关系，即“虽然他很富有，但他不快乐”。合并时，使用表示让步关系的连词"Although"(或Though)放在从句（"Althoughrich"）后面，主句（"heisnothappy"）保持原样。14.Itisadmittedthatnoonecandenythattheinternethaschangedourlivessignificantly.解析思路：题目要求用"Itisadmittedthat..."结构改写句子。原句"Noonecandenythattheinternethaschangedourlivessignificantly."是一个带有否定主语的宾语从句的句子。"Itisadmittedthat..."结构中，"It"是形式主语，"that"引导真正的主语从句。将原句的宾语从句内容放入主语从句中，即"Itisadmittedthatnoonecandenythattheinternethaschangedourlivessignificantly."。15.Thebookwaswrittenbyafamousauthorandisveryinteresting.解析思路：题目要求将含定语从句的句子改写为两个句子。原句"Thebook,whichwaswrittenbyafamousauthor,isveryinteresting."中，“whichwaswrittenbyafamousauthor”是非限制性定语从句，补充说明"Thebook"。改写时，将定语从句独立成一个句子，并补充主语"Thebook"或根据语境省略，原主句也作为一个句子。16.Maria,havingstudiedFrenchforfiveyears,foundtheFrenchfilmeasytounderstand.解析思路：题目要求使用关系从句改写句子。原句"HavingstudiedFrenchforfiveyears,MariafoundtheFrenchfilmeasytounderstand."中，“HavingstudiedFrenchforfiveyears”是现在分词短语作原因状语，说明"Maria"的背景。改写时，将其转换成关系从句，修饰"Maria"，使用"who/that"引导，即"Maria,who/thathadstudiedFrenchforfiveyears,foundtheFrenchfilmeasytounderstand."。由于"Maria"是人，用"who"更合适。为简洁起见，有时也保留原语序或使用"Maria,havingstudied..."。17.Weweresurprisedbythenews.Theydecidedtomoveabroad.解析思路：题目要求将含被动语态的句子改为主动语态。原句"Weweresurprisedbythenewsthattheyhaddecidedtomoveabroad."中，“We”是被动语态"weresurprised"的主语，动作的发出者"they"在从句中作主语。改为主动语态后，"They"成为新的主语，执行动作"decided"，"We"作宾语，"thenews"也可以保留或省略。即"Weweresurprisedbythenewsthattheydecidedtomoveabroad."。18.Iftheyhadstudiedfortheexam,theteacherwouldhaveaskedthemiftheyhadstudiedfortheexam.解析思路：题目要求使用条件句改写句子，表达过去的情况和结果。原句"Thet