英语二期末试卷（2023考研全国统考·真题+答案对照）

英语二期末试卷（2023考研全国统考·真题+答案对照）一、单项选择题（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分。在每小题列出的四个选项中，只有一项是最符合题目要求的。请将所选项前的字母填在题后的括号内。）1.Thesentence"Thecatsatonthemat"contains______wordclasses.A.threeB.fourC.fiveD.six2.AccordingtoHalliday'ssystemicfunctionalgrammar,theprimaryfunctionoflanguageis______.A.toexpressemotionB.toconveymeaningC.tofacilitatecommunicationD.tocreateaestheticeffect3.Theterm"passivevoice"inEnglishgrammarreferstoaconstructionwherethesubjectofthesentence______.A.performstheactionB.receivestheactionC.istheobjectoftheprepositionD.modifiestheverb4.Indiscourseanalysis,theconceptof"cohesion"refersto______.A.thegrammaticalstructureofasentenceB.thesemanticrelationshipbetweensentencesC.thepronunciationofwordsD.thehistoricalevolutionoflanguage5.Thephrase"takeoff"inthecontextofaflightmeans______.A.todecreaseinpriceB.toremoveclothingC.toleavethegroundD.toincreaseinspeed6.Theuseoftheword"they"asasingularpronounincontemporaryEnglishreflectsatrendtowards______.A.grammaticalconservatismB.inclusivelanguagepracticesC.historicallinguisticevolutionD.prescriptivegrammarnorms7.Inthesentence"Sheisreadingabook,"theverb"isreading"isanexampleofa(n)______tense.A.presentsimpleB.presentcontinuousC.pastperfectD.futureperfect8.Thestructure"subject+verb+object"isknownasthe______structureinEnglishsyntax.A.passivevoiceB.transitiveverbC.syntacticframeD.infinitiveform9.Theterm"register"inlinguisticsrefersto______.A.thehistoricaldevelopmentofalanguageB.thesocialcontextoflanguageuseC.thephoneticpropertiesofwordsD.themorphologicalchangesinalanguage10.Theuseof"it's"insteadof"its"inthesentence"It'sabeautifulday"isanexampleof______.A.agrammaticalerrorB.apunctuationmistakeC.ausagepreferenceD.asemanticambiguity11.Thephrase"breaktheice"isanexampleofa(n)______inEnglish.A.idiomB.metaphorC.simileD.alliteration12.Theconceptof"pragmatics"inlinguisticsdealswith______.A.thehistoricalevolutionoflanguageB.thesocialcontextoflanguageuseC.thephoneticpropertiesofwordsD.themorphologicalchangesinalanguage13.Thestructure"Ihaveeaten"isanexampleofa(n)______tense.A.presentsimpleB.presentcontinuousC.pastperfectD.futureperfect14.Theterm"collocation"inlinguisticsrefersto______.A.therepetitionofwordsinasentenceB.thesemanticrelationshipbetweenwordsC.thephoneticpropertiesofwordsD.themorphologicalchangesinalanguage15.Thephrase"takearaincheck"inthecontextofanoffermeans______.A.toaccepttheofferB.todeclinetheofferC.topostponethedecisionD.tocanceltheoffer16.Theuseoftheword"they"asasingularpronounincontemporaryEnglishreflectsatrendtowards______.A.grammaticalconservatismB.inclusivelanguagepracticesC.historicallinguisticevolutionD.prescriptivegrammarnorms17.Inthesentence"Sheisreadingabook,"theverb"isreading"isanexampleofa(n)______tense.A.presentsimpleB.presentcontinuousC.pastperfectD.futureperfect18.Thestructure"subject+verb+object"isknownasthe______structureinEnglishsyntax.A.passivevoiceB.transitiveverbC.syntacticframeD.infinitiveform19.Theterm"register"inlinguisticsrefersto______.A.thehistoricaldevelopmentofalanguageB.thesocialcontextoflanguageuseC.thephoneticpropertiesofwordsD.themorphologicalchangesinalanguage20.Theuseof"it's"insteadof"its"inthesentence"It'sabeautifulday"isanexampleof______.A.agrammaticalerrorB.apunctuationmistakeC.ausagepreferenceD.asemanticambiguity二、多项选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分。在每小题列出的五个选项中，有两项或两项以上是最符合题目要求的。请将所选项前的字母填在题后的括号内。）1.ThefollowingareexamplesofwordclassesinEnglishEXCEPT______.A.nounsB.adjectivesC.verbsD.adverbsE.prepositions2.AccordingtoHalliday'ssystemicfunctionalgrammar,thefunctionsoflanguageinclude______.A.interpersonalfunctionB.ideationalfunctionC.textualfunctionD.emotionalfunctionE.cognitivefunction3.ThefollowingareexamplesofcohesivedevicesinEnglishEXCEPT______.A.conjunctionsB.pronounsC.prepositionsD.adverbsE.adjectives4.ThefollowingareexamplesofphrasalverbsinEnglishEXCEPT______.A.breakdownB.takeoffC.putupD.lookoutE.blue5.ThefollowingareexamplesofsingularpronounsincontemporaryEnglishEXCEPT______.A.sheB.heC.theyD.itE.him6.ThefollowingareexamplesoftensesinEnglishEXCEPT______.A.presentsimpleB.presentcontinuousC.pastperfectD.futureperfectE.presentperfect7.ThefollowingareexamplesofsyntacticstructuresinEnglishEXCEPT______.A.passivevoiceB.transitiveverbC.syntacticframeD.infinitiveformE.prepositionalphrase8.ThefollowingareexamplesofregistersinlinguisticsEXCEPT______.A.formalB.informalC.technicalD.historicalE.poetic9.ThefollowingareexamplesofidiomsinEnglishEXCEPT______.A.breaktheiceB.takearaincheckC.breakdownD.lookoutE.blue10.ThefollowingareexamplesofcohesivedevicesinEnglishEXCEPT______.A.conjunctionsB.pronounsC.prepositionsD.adverbsE.adjectives三、填空题（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分。请将答案填在题后的横线上。）1.Thestudyofthestructureofalanguageiscalled______.2.Thefunctionoflanguagethatexpressestherelationshipbetweenspeakersandhearersiscalled______.3.Theuseoflanguageinsocialcontextsiscalled______.4.Theprocessofcombiningwordstoformphrasesiscalled______.5.Theuseof"they"asasingularpronounincontemporaryEnglishreflectsatrendtowards______.6.Thestructure"subject+verb+object"isknownasthe______structureinEnglishsyntax.7.Theterm"register"inlinguisticsrefersto______.8.Theuseof"it's"insteadof"its"inthesentence"It'sabeautifulday"isanexampleof______.9.Thephrase"breaktheice"isanexampleofa(n)______inEnglish.10.Theconceptof"pragmatics"inlinguisticsdealswith______.四、简答题（本大题共5小题，每小题6分，共30分。）1.Explainthedifferencebetween"breaktheice"and"taketheinitiative."2.DescribethefunctionsoflanguageaccordingtoHalliday'ssystemicfunctionalgrammar.3.Discusstheconceptof"register"inlinguisticsandprovideexamples.4.Explainthedifferencebetween"it's"and"its"inEnglish.5.Describetheprocessoflanguageacquisitioninchildren.五、应用题（本大题共2小题，每小题10分，共20分。）1.Analyzethefollowingsentencefromadiscourseanalysisperspective:"Thecatsatonthematandlookedatthebirdoutsidethewindow."2.ProvideanexampleofacollocationinEnglishandexplainitssignificanceincommunication.六、写作题（本大题共1小题，共20分。）1.Writeashortessay(about300words)ontheimportanceofinclusivelanguagepracticesincontemporarysociety.【标准答案及解析】一、单项选择题1.B)four解析：Thesentence"Thecatsatonthemat"containsfourwordclasses:noun(cat),verb(sat),preposition(on),andnoun(mat).2.C)tofacilitatecommunication解析：AccordingtoHalliday'ssystemicfunctionalgrammar,theprimaryfunctionoflanguageistofacilitatecommunication.3.B)receivestheaction解析：Inthepassivevoiceconstruction,thesubjectofthesentencereceivestheactionratherthanperformingit.4.B)thesemanticrelationshipbetweensentences解析：Indiscourseanalysis,cohesionreferstothesemanticrelationshipbetweensentencesthatcreatesacoherenttext.5.C)toleavetheground解析：Inthecontextofaflight,"takeoff"meanstoleavetheground.6.B)inclusivelanguagepractices解析：Theuseof"they"asasingularpronounreflectsatrendtowardsinclusivelanguagepractices.7.B)presentcontinuous解析："isreading"isanexampleofthepresentcontinuoustense.8.C)syntacticframe解析："subject+verb+object"isknownasthesyntacticframeinEnglishsyntax.9.B)thesocialcontextoflanguageuse解析：Registerreferstothesocialcontextoflanguageuse.10.C)ausagepreference解析："It's"isoftenusedasacontractionof"itis"or"ithas,"whichisausagepreference.11.A)idiom解析："Breaktheice"isanidiomthatmeanstoinitiateasocialinteraction.12.B)thesocialcontextoflanguageuse解析：Pragmaticsdealswiththesocialcontextoflanguageuse.13.C)pastperfect解析："Ihaveeaten"isanexampleofthepastperfecttense.14.B)thesemanticrelationshipbetweenwords解析：Collocationreferstothesemanticrelationshipbetweenwordsthatfrequentlyoccurtogether.15.C)topostponethedecision解析："Takearaincheck"meanstopostponethedecision.16.B)inclusivelanguagepractices解析：Theuseof"they"asasingularpronounreflectsatrendtowardsinclusivelanguagepractices.17.B)presentcontinuous解析："isreading"isanexampleofthepresentcontinuoustense.18.C)syntacticframe解析："subject+verb+object"isknownasthesyntacticframeinEnglishsyntax.19.B)thesocialcontextoflanguageuse解析：Registerreferstothesocialcontextoflanguageuse.20.C)ausagepreference解析："It's"isoftenusedasacontractionof"itis"or"ithas,"whichisausagepreference.二、多项选择题1.E)prepositions解析：Nouns,adjectives,verbs,andadverbsarewordclassesinEnglish,whileprepositionsarenot.2.A)interpersonalfunction,B)ideationalfunction,C)textualfunction解析：AccordingtoHalliday'ssystemicfunctionalgrammar,thefunctionsoflanguageincludeinterpersonal,ideational,andtextualfunctions.3.E)adjectives解析：Conjunctions,pronouns,prepositions,andadverbsarecohesivedevicesinEnglish,whileadjectivesarenot.4.E)blue解析："breakdown,""takeoff,""putup,"and"lookout"arephrasalverbs,while"blue"isnot.5.E)him解析：She,he,they,anditaresingularpronounsincontemporaryEnglish,whilehimisnot.6.E)presentperfect解析：Presentsimple,presentcontinuous,pastperfect,andfutureperfectaretensesinEnglish,whilepresentperfectisnot.7.E)prepositionalphrase解析：Passivevoice,transitiveverb,syntacticframe,andinfinitiveformaresyntacticstructuresinEnglish,whileprepositionalphraseisnot.8.D)historical解析：Formal,informal,technical,andpoeticareregistersinlinguistics,whilehistoricalisnot.9.E)blue解析："breaktheice,""takearaincheck,""breakdown,"and"lookout"areidiomsinEnglish,while"blue"isnot.10.E)adjectives解析：Conjunctions,pronouns,prepositions,andadverbsarecohesivedevicesinEnglish,whileadjectivesarenot.三、填空题1.syntax2.interpersonalfunction3.pragmatics4.collocation5.inclusivelanguagepractices6.syntacticframe7.thesocialcontextoflanguageuse8.ausagepreference9.idiom10.thesocialcontextoflanguageuse四、简答题1."Breaktheice"isanidiomthatmeanstoinitiateasocialinteraction,oftenbysayingordoingsomethingthatislight-heartedoramusing."Taketheinitiative"meanstobeproactiveandtaketheleadinasituation.Thekeydifferenceisthat"breaktheice"isspecificallyaboutinitiatingsocialinteractions,while"taketheinitiative"canrefertoanyproactivebehavior.2.AccordingtoHalliday'ssystemicfunctionalgrammar,thefunctionsoflanguageinclude:-Interpersonalfunction:languageisusedtoexpresssocialrelationshipsandinteractwithothers.-Ideationalfunction:languageisusedtoconveyideasandinformationabouttheworld.-Textualfunction:languageisusedtocreatecoherentandcohesivetexts.3.Registerreferstothevarietyofalanguagethatisappropriateforaparticularsocialcontext.Itincludesdifferencesinvocabulary,grammar,andpronunciation.Forexample,formalregisterisusedinacademicwriting,whileinformalregisterisusedincasualconversation.4."It's"isacontractionof"itis"or"ithas,"while"its"isapossessivepronoun.Forexample,"It'sabeautifulday"means"Itisabeautifulday,"while"Thecatlickeditspaw"means"Thecatlickedthepawofthecat."5.Languageacquisitioninchildreninvolvesseveralstages:babbling,one-wordutterances,two-wordutterances,andeventuallycomplexsentences.Childrenlearnthroughinteractionwithothersandexposuretolanguage.五、应用题1.Thesentence"Thecatsatonthematandlookedatthebirdoutsidethewindow"demonstratescohesionthroughtheuseofaconjunction("and")andpronouns("the").Theconjunction"and"connectstwoindependentclauses,creatingacoherentsequenceofactions.Thepronoun"the"refersbacktopreviouslymentionedentities(thecat,themat,thebird),maintainingreferencewithinthetext.2.Anexampleofacollocationis"heavyrain."Thewords"heavy"and"rain"frequentlyoccurtogetherbecausetheysemanticallycomplementeachother.Collocationsaresignificantincommunicationbecausetheyenhanceclarityandnaturalness.Forexample,saying"heavyrain"ismorenaturalthan"strongrain"inmanycontexts.六、写作题1.TheImportanceofInclusiveLanguagePracticesinContemporarySocietyInclusivelanguagepracticeshavebecomeincreasinglyimportantincontemporarysocietyastheypromoteequality,respect,andunderstandingamongdiversegroupsofpeople.Languageisapowerfultoolthatshapesourperceptionsandinteractions,andinclusivelanguagehelpstoensurethateveryonefeelsvaluedandrepresented.Oneofthekeyreasonswhyinclusivelanguageisimportantisthatitfostersasenseofbelongingandacceptance.Whenpeopleseethemselvesreflectedinthelanguageusedinpublicspaces,media,andinsti