基本船务知识-第一部分

BasicShippingKnowledge基本船務知識

M(Meter)米CM(Centimeter)毫米**1M=100CM**1米=100毫米FT(‘)(Feet)呎IN(“)(Inch)吋**1FT=12IN1呎=12吋TheLength:長度KG(Kilogram)公斤(千克)LB(Pounds)磅**1KG=2.2046LBS**1公斤=2.2046磅TheWeight:重量CBM(CubicMeter)立方米CU/FT(CubicFeet)立方呎**1CBM=35.32CU/FT**TheVolume:體積TheUnits:單位

CARGOVOLUMECALCULATION貨物體積計算方法(A)Baseoninches:LxWxH¸1728¸35.32以吋為計算單位:長x寬x高¸1728¸35.32Example例如: 長Length=36”

寬Width=35”

高Height=13” Total:150Cartons計算方法Calculation:36x25x13¸1728¸35.32x150=28.75CBM以毫米為計算單位：長x寬x高(B)Baseoncm:LxWxH1,000,000Example例如: Length=80cm Width=55cm Height=60cm Total:150CartonsCalculation1:80x55x60¸1,000,000x150=39.60CBM計算方法

OrCalculation2:0.8x0.55x0.6x150 =39.60CBM以米為計算單位：長x寬x高

(C)BaseonM:LxWxH

例如Example: Length=1.2M Width=0.2M Height=0.4M總數

Total:150CartonsCalculation:1.2x0.2x0.4x150=14.40CBM計算單位

(1)ShippingDocuments船務文件

訂倉單（落貨紙）或碼頭收據（貨倉收據）(1)ShippingOrder(S/O)orDockReceipt(D/R)ONEsetS/Owithseveralpagesindifferentcolor.全套的訂倉單是有多張不同顔色的.Functions:AapplicationformprovidedbyForwarder/ShippingCompanyForExporter(Shipper)toapplythecargospacewithForwarder/ShippingCo.Exporter(Shipper)mustprovidethebelowinformation:ShipperName,Address,TelNumber&ContactPersonConsigneeName&AddressNotifyPartyName&AddressPortofDischarge&DestinationOceanFreightPayable–Atorigin(PREPAID)oratDestination(COLLECT)ShippingMarksDescriptionofgoodsCargoVolume:ForLCL–(No.ofPackage/?CBM/?KGS)ForFCL–Howmanythecontainers,containersize(20’or40’)由船公司/貨代公司提供“訂倉單”表格作用-由出口商(發貨人)向船公司/貨代公司申請倉位/櫃位出口商(放貨人)必須提供一下資料:發貨人名稱,地址,電話號&聯係人收貨人名稱/地址被通知人名稱&地址卸貨港/最終目的地.(DOC/DEST)海運費繳付方式-原產地（預付）目的地（到付）嘜頭貨物内容散貨一件數/尺碼/重量

貨櫃-多少個貨櫃。貨櫃尺碼（20’40’）Forwarder/ShippingCo.mustconfirmthebelowinformation:

BookingNo,ShippingOrderNo,DockReceiptNo.Vesselname,VoyageNoClosingdate&timePlaceofGoodsDeliveryS.I.Closingdate&timeTheinformationintheshippingorderwillbeusedtoissueBillofLadingaftershipmentonboard.(*Remarks:ForFullContainer,Forwarder/ShippingCo.providesExporter/ShippertheFCLEquipmentRelease/CollectionOrdertopickuptheemptyContaineratthecontaineryardandreturnafterloading.)

貨代/船公司必須確認下列資料訂倉號-船名/航次卸貨港/目的地（POD/DEST)截提單補料日期/時間截關日期/時間貨物出運後訂倉單内的資料將變成正式提單的内容。備註:有關整櫃貨,貨代公司/船公司會提供“提吉櫃/還重櫃給出口商/發貨人,以便客戶於貨櫃堆場提吉及將重櫃交還碼頭出運

(2)MateReceiptONEofthepageofshippingordermostlyinyellowFunctions:Warehousepeoplewillreturnthismatereceipttothetransporterafterreceivedthecargo.Informationonthematereceipt:Chop&Signbywarehouse.Howmanypackageswerereceivedinnumbersandfullwriting?Towritedownincasethecargoisnotingoodcondition, Suchaswet,crush,broken……etc.e) Cargoreceivingdate.(*remarks:Ifgoodsarenotingoodcondition,warehouse’speopleWouldmarkonthematereceiptinordertoprovecargonotBeingdamagedbywarehouse.)倉庫交接單(大夥收據/碼頭收據/碼頭交接單)-於全套的訂倉單内一般是黃色的字作用:-當貨物交到倉庫後,倉庫人員會於“交接單”上蓋章/簽名.並交回運輸公司.倉庫交接單的内容:倉庫蓋章/簽名.紀錄收到多少貨物的總數.紀錄貨物破損情況例如,濕,裂,破損.收貨日期.備註:如貨物有任何破損/異樣.倉庫人員會紀錄在倉庫交接單内以便證明該破損/異樣並非由倉庫造成;運輸公司亦需簽字做實.LCLMATERECEIPT

FCLMATERECEIPT

(3)BillofLading(B/L)Functions:AContractToexchangetheB/Lmustbeagainstthematereceipt.Toindicatetheoptionofthegoods.ToprovegoodshandedovertoForwarder/ShippingCompany.Mustbeissuedaftertheshipmentonboard.TheinformationontheB/Lisaccordingtotheshipperorderandsomeadditionalinformation OntheB/Lasbelow:IssueDateB/LNo.DeliveryAgentatdestinationNo.ofOriginalB/LContainerNo.&SealNo.OnboarddatePaymentTerms(FreightCollectorFreightPrepaid)Totalpackages/CBM/KGS

(*remarks:Toshowtypeofserviceand,incasethecargoisnotingoodcondition,wewouldshowOntotheB/LexceptShipper/Exporteriswillingtosignthe“LetterofIndemtity”.)提單作用:-合同(約)-必須以倉庫交接單來換取提單-顯示貨物接收/交付的狀態.-證明貨物已交給貨代公司/船公司.-必須於貨物出運後才能簽發提單.-提單上的内容必須依據發貨人的指示及其他加設的資料來完成:-簽發日期-提單號-目的港提貨代理資料-多少張正本提單-櫃號/封條號-貨物裝船日期-繳費條款(運費到付/運費預付)-總磅數/尺碼/重量備註:顯示服務的方式,若貨物有任何破損/異樣.都必須顯示在提單上,除非發貨人願意簽訂“免責條款”給貨代/船公司.

VariouskindofBillofLadingOceanBillofLading(PB/L)/MarineBillofLading(MB/L)IssuedbycompanyownedthevesselHouseBillofLading(HB/L)IssuedbyNVOCC(Non-vesseloperatingcommoncarrier)ForwarderCargoReceipt(FCR)AlikeHB/Lbutcanbeissuedbeforeshipmentonboardwithagainst goodsreceivedbywarehouse.“Thiscargoreceiptisnotadocumentoftitle”ThroughBillofLading(TB/L)AB/Lfortransshipmenttocoveroriginport,transshipmentportand destinationportwithdifferentcountries.TheJourneyofthegoodstobetransportedwithexcessonevessel (Example:1stlegfromUSAtoHK,2ndlegfromHKtoChina)MemoBillofLadingAccordingtothroughB/L,whichneedtochangethememoB/Lwiththe2ndlegCarrierinordertorenewtheconsigneeontheMenoB/LSeawayB/L/ExpressB/L - NooriginalB/Lissuetoshipper - Nooriginalcollectfromconsigneetoreleasecargoes不同種類的提單船東提單/海運提單-由船公司或其代理簽發貨代提單-由貨代/無船承運人簽發貨代收貨收據-類似提單;倉庫收到貨物後，便可簽發，不必拿貨物出運；此貨物收據並非正式的文件全程提單-不同國家全程提單是包含。啓運港中轉港，目的港-貨物正運輸途中會超過一艘船/車作爲運輸工具.(例如：頭程-美國-香港，二程-香港-中國)備查提單-根據全程提單,需要連同2程去轉接備查提單資料.-船公司會於備查提單更新收貨人名稱.快遞提單-不會簽發正本提單給發貨人-不會向收貨人收回正本提單才放貨--收貨人不能顯示“Toorder”(隻能顯示直接收貨人)

HowtoAmendB/L:MustmakeamendmentwithfullsetofB/LTheamendmentmustbechoppedandsignedCompanyLetterfromshipperForLostMateReceipt,HBLorOceanB/LShippermustdeclarethelostadvertisingforthreedays, Whoneedtosubmittheoriginaladvertisementandcopyofofficial ReceipttoexchangetheBillofLadingForLostOceanB/LWemayneedtogiveadeposittocarrier,theamountisbaseon howmuchthecargovalueofthatshipment.Itissubjecttoeach carrier’sregulation怎樣修改提單