(自做)定语从句.ppt

1、定语从句（TheAttributiveClause）,基本概念1.1定义，先行词，关系词关系代词2.1which/that/who/whom/whose/as2.2that与which的用法区别2.3.who/whom与that2.3介词+which关系副关系副词和先行词的关系词(when/where/why)非限制性定语从句as引导的定语从句,定语从句：用一个句子来作定语，修饰，说明一个名词或代词。被修饰的这个名词或代词叫先行词先行词与定语从句的位置关系为：先行词+定语从句。（汉语的定语无论多长都放在被修饰词的前面，而英语中的定语则不然，是一个词时，放在被修饰词的前面，是两个以上的词组、短语

2、或从句则放在被修饰词的后面。）引导定语从句的词为关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。,1.Herecomesthewhowantstoseeyou.2.Thewhotheteacherpraisedattheclassmeetingisourmonitor.2.Thisisthewhichyouwant.(宾语)3.Thewhichisstandingneartheriverisourschool.(主语)4.Thewhichyouboughtyesterdayisverygood.(宾语)5.Aplanisawhichcanfly.(主语),（,）,（,）,（,（,）,）,划出下面句子的从句，并

3、找出先行词。,（,（,）,）,girl,student,building,glasses,machine,book,3.Heisthe.她就是你在找的人。4.Iknowthe我知道那个站在树下的男孩。5.Thisisthe,whoyouarelookingfor,Whoisstandingunderthetree,whichisworthvisiting.,man,boy,place,关系词意义上代表先行词,1.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.2.TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledTom.3.Theboywhoseparentsaredeadw

4、asbroughtupbyhisgrandfather.,theboy=who,关系代词实际上是先行词的复指,theboys=whose,关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格,themachine=that,Jointhefollowingsentences:,Aplaneisamachine.Themachinecanfly.Aplaneiscanfly.,amachine,themachine,that/which,1.Theeggswerenotfresh.Iboughtthemyesterday.2.Thefriendwasnothungry.Hecametosupperlastni

5、ght.,Theeggs(that/which)Iboughtthemwerenotfresh.,Thefriendwho/thathecametosupperlastnightwasnothungry.,3.Heprefersthecheese.Itcomesfromhisparentsfarm.4.Thenoodlesweredelicious.Youcookedthem.5.Idontlikethepeople.Theysmokealot.,Heprefersthecheesethat/whichitcomesfromhisparentsfarm.,Thenoodles(which/th

6、at)youcookedthemweredelicious.,Idontlikethepeoplethat/whotheysmokealot.,Sheisthegirl.Iamlookingforher.2.Thebuildingismyuncleshouse.Thebuildingisnotfarfromhere3.Iboughtabookyesterday.thebookisaboutscience.,用后一个句子做定语修饰前一句l,SheisthegirlwhoIamlookingfor,Thebuildingwhichisnotforfromhereismyunclehouse.,Ib

7、oughtabookwhichisaboutscienceyesterday.,关系代词的用法,做宾语时，可是省略,人/物,主/宾,物,主/宾,有时可省略,人,人/物,人,主/宾,定语,宾,用正确的关系代词填空,Iknowtheboy_youarelookingfor.Willyoupleaselendmeabook_youboughtyesterday?Thisisthemuseum_wevisitedlastSunday.Thebuilding_walliswhiteismyuncleshouse.Ifoundsomephotosofinterestingplaces_werenotfar

8、awayfromourcity.,Who/that/whom,Which/that,Which/that,whose,Which/that,thebuildings,Thebook_theysentmeisverygood.Helivesinthehouse_isoppositeours.Thedog_waslosthasbeenfound.Thisisthepan_Iboiledmilkin.Theletter_Ireceivedyesterdaywasfrommybrother.Thehotel_Istayedinlastmonthisoverthere,Which/that,Which/

9、that,Which/that,Which/that,Which/that,Which/that,Thisisthemagazine_youarelookingfor.Thedog_AuntLitakescareofislost.Sheisthegirl_yousawinschool.Theyliveinahouse_wasbuilt200yearsago.Hereisthecar_Itoldyouabout.Whoistheman_shookhandswithyoujustnow?,Which/that,Which/that,who/whom,Which/that,Which/that,wh

10、o/that,Ishetheman_youshookhandswithjustnow?Thisisabook_tellsaboutspacerockettechnology.Herecomesthegirl_wantstoseeyou.Jimbegantotalktoagirl_satnexttohim,Which/that,Who/whom/that,Who/that,Who/that,只能用that,不能用which的情况,1.当先行词是不定代词时,如:All,few,little,much,every,something,anything,everything,等2.当先行词被(theo

11、nly,thevery,thesame,thelasy),Little,few,no,any,all,every,some等修饰时3.当人和物合做先行词时4.当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时5.在疑问词who、which、what开头的句子中6.关系词在从句中作表语时,1.Hedidall/everything_hecouldtohelpme.2.Thisistheverything_Iamafter.3.Wetalkedaboutthemenandthethings_werememberedatschool.4.Heistheonlyman_candothework.,that,that

12、,that,that,5.Thisisthefirstthing_Iwanttosay.6.Heisthefinestman_Ihaveeverworkedwith.7.Whoistheman_spoketoyouatthegate.8.Whichisthestar_isnearesttotheearth.,that,that,that,that,用who(whom)而不用that的情形,(1)在非限制性定语从句中的先行词指人时,只能用who(whom)。Mysister,whoisstudyingabroad,sentmeabeautifulpresentjustbeforethisChri

13、stmas.(2)当定语从句对指人的先行词进行隔位修饰时,只能用who(whom)Doyouknowthegirlinfrontoftheblackboardwhoisspeakingtothestudents?,that不引导非限制性定语从句,(3)当先行词为people和those时，只能用who(whom)。Thosewhowanttogotherecomehereplease(4)当先行词为one,ones,anyone,everyone,none,all(指人)时，只能用who(whom)。Anyonewhoisagainstusisourenemy.,5)在therebe句型中名词

14、(人)的定语从句多用who(whom)。Therearestudentsinourclasswho/whomyouhavemet.6)当句子中有两个指人的先行词分别带有两个定语从句时，若一个定语从句的引导词为that,那么，另一个定语从句的引导词必定为who。TheboythatyoumetjustnowisLiMingsbrotherwhojustgraduatedfromauniversity.,Exercise,Therearesomestudents_areexpertatEnglishinourclass.Anyone_winthefirstprizecanget100Mr.Zhan

15、g,_isstrictwithhisstudentsispopulartothestudents.Doyoulikethegirlinfrontoftheclass_isspeakingtothestudents.,宜用which而不用that的情况。,在非限制性定语从句中2.在关系词前面有介词时3.当先行词本身是that4.当关系词离先行词太远时,Exercise,1.Heopenedthedoor,infrontof_sataboy2.Heoftenspeakstheroleheplayedintheplay,_madeothersupset.3.Thereisatalltreeoutsi

16、de,standsourteacher.4.Doyoulikethebookshespent$10,Which,Which,underwhich,onwhich,介词+关系代词的情况1,1.Themanwhomyouspokewasascientist.2.Thecitywhichshelivesisfaraway.,to,in,介词+关系代词的情况2,Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.,to,in,Arethesetwosentencesright?,可见,who、that不能用与介词

17、之后,介词+关系代词的情况3,Isthisthewatchthatyouarelookingfor?TheoldmanwhomIamlookingafterisbetter.,下面两句中的介词能提前吗?,在固定短语中介词不能提前,介词+关系代词的情况练习,1.Doyoulikethebookshespent$10?2.Doyoulikethebookshepaid$10?3.Doyoulikethebookshelearnedalot?4.Doyoulikethebooksheoftentalks?5.Hebuiltatelescopehecouldstudytheskies.,onwhich

18、,forwhich,fromwhich,aboutwhich,throughwhich,6.Thereisatalltreeoutside,standsourteacher.7.Chinahasalotofrivers,thesecondlongest_istheYellowRiver.8.Thetower_peoplecanhaveagoodviewisonthehill.9.Theman_Ispokeonthephonelastnightisverygoodatwrestling.10.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,most_hadntbeencl

19、eanedforatleasta,ofwhich,ofwhich,fromwhich,towhom,underwhich,关系副词和先行词的关系,IstillrememberthedaywhenIcamehere.2.ThisisthehousewhereIlivedlastyear.3.Therearemanyreasonswhypeopleliketraveling.4.Idontlikethewaythatyouspeak.,ontheday=when,inthehouse=where,forthereasons=why,intheway=that,关系副词实际上是介词先行词在句中作状语

20、,几种易混的情况,1.Illneverforgetthedays_weworkedtogether.2.Illneverforgetthedays_wespenttogether.3.IwenttotheplaceIworkedtenyearsago.,when/inwhich,Which/that,及物动词,where/inwhich,时间状语,宾语,地点状语,4.Iwenttotheplace_Ivisitedtenyearsago.5.Thisisthereason_hewaslate.6.Thisisthereason_hegave.,Which/that,why/forwhich,t

21、hat/which,及物动词,及物动词,原因状语,Exercise,1.Ishallneverforgetthethoseyears_Ilivedinthecountrysidewiththefarmers.A.thatB.whenC.whichD.When2.Theyhavefourchildren,threeof_liveabroad.A.themB.whomC.whoD.whose3.Doyouknowtheperson_youdiscussedtheproblem?A.thatB.whoC.whomD.withwhom,B,B,D,4.Hecamebacktothecollege_he

22、taughtchemistry20yearsago.AthatB.whichC.inwhichD.towhich5.Thereisamountain_thetopisalwayscoveredwithsnow.A.itsB.thatC.ofthatD.ofwhich6.Wewilltalkaboutthethingsandperson_happenedinthisvillage.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.whom,C,D,A,7.Thefirstthing_shouldbedoneistogetsomefood.A.thatB.whichC.whoDaboutwhich8.Ist

23、histhereason_atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork.A.heexplainedB.whatheexplainedC.howheexplainedD.whyheexplained9.Alltheapples_felldownwereeatenbythepigs.A.thatB.thoseC./D.what,A,A,A,10.Theengineer_myfatherworksisabout60yearsold.A.towhomB.onwhomC.withwhichD.withwhom11.Maythefourthistheday_weChine

24、sepeoplewillneverforget.A.whichB.whenC.onwhichD.that12.Thehotel_duringourholidaysstandsbythesea.A.westayedatB.wherewestayedatC.westayedD.inthatwestayed,D,A,A,非限制性定语从句,插入成分,修饰限定,补充解释,不能,能,.的,ThetownwhereIliveisbeautiful.Kelli,whereIlive,isbeautiful,Compare:,分析两种定语从句省略后的结果,Teacherswhoarekindarepopularwiththestudents.限制性定语从句省略后主语所指就不明确，所以不能省略MrWang,whoiskind,ispopularwiththestudents.,非限制性定语从句和单句的比较,1.IamreadingHarryPorter,_isaninterestingbook2.Hefailedintheexam._madehisparentsangry.3.Hefailedintheexam,_mad