新版新目标八年级英语下unit1单元讲解及练习

1、unit 1 whats the matter?section a知能新视窗本节主要学习一些人体器官的名词和病名， 能够运用whats the matter来询问他人患病的情况，并提出合理化的建议。名师开小灶1. whats the matter? 你怎么啦？该句是一个特殊疑问句，在此用于询问对方和身体情况，也是医生或护士询问病人病情的常用语。句中的matter前一定要加冠词the。后面常接介词with，再接人或物。如：whats the matter with you? 你怎么啦？【拓展】whats the matter (with)?也可用于某人遇到麻烦事或某物有毛病、出故障等。如：wha

2、ts the matter with your mp4? 你的mp4出了什么问题？【金钥匙】whats the matter with?与whats wrong with?或whats the trouble with?是同义句。2. i have a stomachache. 我胃疼。(1) have作动词，意为“得病；患病”，表示具有某种“病症，症状”，常用“have a + 名词”。(2) stomachache意为“肚子痛，胃痛”。是stomach + ache组合而成。ache是名词，意为“疼，痛，隐隐作痛”，常与身体的部位名称结合构成复合词，其前通常用不定冠词。如：a headac

3、he头痛a toothache 牙痛a backache 背痛【辨析】ache, pain, sore的区别 ache指持续的疼痛，常与人体部位名词构成复合词。 pain指突然出现的疼痛，也指身心痛苦。常用于have a pain in结构。如： he has a pain in the ears. 他耳朵痛。 sore指由于感染或发炎而造成的疼痛。如： he has a sore back. 他背痛。3. you should drink some hot tea with honey. 你应该喝点加蜂蜜的热茶。(1) should 意为“应该，应当”，是情态动词，后接动词原形，比must，

4、 ought to等较委婉。表示“义务、责任”，可用于各种人称。其否定形式是shouldnt。如：you should say sorry to him. 你应该对他说对不起。he should learn from others. 他应该向他人学习。(2) with作介词，表示“有；附有”，起伴随作用。如： i like coffee with milk. 我喜欢加奶的咖啡。【拓展】with的用法很多，常用的有： 表示“和某人或某事物一起”。如： she hardly ever stays with her parents. 她很少和妈妈一。 表示用某种工真。如： we see with o

5、ur eyes, but they work with their ears. 他们用眼看，用手工作。4. he shouldnt eat anything. 他不应该吃东西。 anything是不定代词，意为“某事”。常用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中。如：i dont know anything about him.有关他的情况我不了解。do you anything to ask? 你有什么要问吗？【链接】something也是不定代词，意为“某事”。常用于肯定句或表示请求得到肯定答复、建议的疑问句中。如：i have something to do this afternoon. 今天下午

6、我有事要做。would you like something to drink? 想要喝的东西吗？5. im not feeling well. 我感到身体不适。(1) feel在此是作连系动词，意思是“感觉到”，后接形容词作表语。如：she feels a little cold. 她感到有一点冷。 【链接】常见的连系动词：sound听起来，look看起来，taste尝起来，become变得，turn变得.。(2) well在此句中作形容词，用来指人的身体好。如：im very well. 我的身体很好。 【拓展】well 还可作副词，用于修饰动词。如：she dances very wel

7、l. 她的舞跳得很好。【辨析】fine, nice, well, good fine常指“人”时，表示“身体健康”；指天气时表示“晴朗的”。如：my teacher is fine. 我老师身体很好。 its a fine day today. 今天天气好。 nice主要侧重于人或物的外表“美观，漂亮”，也可用于问候或赞扬他人。如：shes a nice girl. 她是一位漂亮的姑娘。nice to meet you. 见到你很高兴。(3) good形容词“人”时指“品行”好；形容词“物”时指“质量”好。如：the old woman is good to kids. 那位老太太对小孩很好。

8、6. about two hours ago. 大约在两个小时前。ago作副词，意思是“以前”，指从现在算起多少时间以前，所构成的短语是过去时间，谓语动词用一般过去时态。如：he went to the school library ten minutes ago. 十分前他去学校图书馆了。【辨析】ago, beforeage常和一般过去时态的动词连用，其前是一个表示时间段的词或短语，构成:一段时间+ago；而before通常用来表示在某个时间点之前，也可单独使用，还可后接一个完整句子。如：they lived in the city three years ago. 十年前，他们住在座城市。

9、we started our classes before eight oclock. 八点前我们开始上课的。i had finished my homework before my father came back. 父亲回来之前我已做完作业。7. i think so. 我认为是这样。so作代词，意思是“这样，如此”，用来代替上文中提到的词、短语或某种情况，常在believe, think, hope, say, tell, do, suppose等后。如：i believe so. 我相信是这样。i hope so. 但愿如此。its going to rain.天要下雨。i think

10、 so. 我认为如此。【金钥匙】在表示看法上的词如believe, hope后面用so表示肯定，用not表示否定。如：we will have an exam tomorrow. 明天我们要考试。i hope not. 我希望不要这样。【链接】so作连词，意为“所以，因此”，与because 对应。如：tom was ill, so he didnt come to school. 汤姆病了，所以他没上学。8. i hope you feel better soon. 希望你很快就会好起来。此句常用于祝愿患者身体康复。如：my mother is ill, i have to look aft

11、er my sister. 妈妈病了，我得照顾妹妹。im sorry to hear that. i hope shes better soon. 听了这个消息我很难过。希望她很快好起来。 实战演练场夯实基础一、根据句意，从方框中选出合适的词并用正确的形式填空。arm, back, ear, eye, foot, hand, head, leg, mouth, neck, nose, stomach, tooth1. giraffes have long _. they are about 3 meters (米) long.2. zhu baojie has two big _ and a

12、big _.3. the boy cant see because his _ are blind (瞎的).4. she cant walk (走) because her _ are hurt (受伤).5. elephants have long _. they use them to carry something (搬东西).6. you must brush (刷) your _ after you get up every morning.7. open your _. let me look at your throat.8. the shoes dont fit (适合，合身

13、) me because my _are too big.9. miss li comes into the classroom with exercise books in her _.10. the back is too heavy (重). please put it on my _.二、根据汉语，写出有关患病的短语。1. 头痛 _2. 胃痛 _3. 感冒 _4. 喉咙痛 _5. 牙痛 _6. 背痛 _7. 发烧 _三、根据汉语意思完成下列句子。1. 你应该躺下休息。 you should _ _ and _.2. 李明每天晚上十点去睡觉。 li ming _ _ _ at ten e

14、very night.3. 你最好去看牙医。 you had better _ _ _.4. 两年前我来到这所学校。 i came to the school _ _ _.5. 每天喝大量的水对你有好处。its good for you to _ _ _ _ every day.四、句型转换。1. the girl has a fever. (就划线部分提问) _ _ _ _ the girl?2. she started to have a stomachache three days ago. (就划线部分提问) _ _ she _ to have a stomachache?3. you

15、 should eat something. (改为否定句) you _ eat _.4. he has a toothache. (改为一般疑问句) _ he _ a toothache?5. you should drink hot tea with honey. (改为祈使句的肯定形式) _ hot tea with honey.五、单项选择。( ) 1. i have a bad _.you should see a dentist.a. coldb. feverc. toothached. stomachache( ) 2. whats the matter?im not feeli

16、ng _.a. goodb. nicec. welld. kind( ) 3. i think nancy is a good student.yes, we all think _.a. itb. thatc. oned. so( ) 4. you look tired. you _ go to bed early and _ stay up late.a. should, shouldb. should, shouldntc. shouldnt, shouldntd. shouldnt, should( ) 5. i have a bad cold.i hope you feel _ so

17、on.a. goodb. welld. betterd. harder能力提高六、对话配对。( ) 1. whats the matter with you?a. thats a good idea.( ) 2. i have a toothache, mum.b. you shouldnt drink cool water.( ) 3. you should drink hot tea with c. you should see a dentist.honey.( ) 4. im feeling sore in my stomach.d. thanks a lot.( ) 5. i hop

18、e you feel better soon.e. i have a headache.七、补全对话。a: you dont look well. 1._b: i have a headache and a cough (咳嗽).a. you should see a doctor.b. whats the matter?c. i think you have a bad cold.d. i hope you fee better soon.e. when did it start?a: do you have a fever?b: yes, i do. a: 2. _b: yes, i th

19、ink so.a: 3. _b: about two days ago.a: oh, thats too bad. 4. _b: thats a good idea. i have to go now. thank you.a: youre welcome. 5._b: thanks.section b知能新视窗本节学习描述身体不适的词语，继续学习用should或shouldnt提出合理的建议。通过了解中国式的健康生活方式，学会怎样保持身体健康。名师开小灶1. tired疲倦的tired作形容词，它可以与be, feel, get, become, look等动词搭使用，意思都是：疲倦，但稍有

20、所不同。be tired表示身体所处的状态feel tired强调身体的感觉get/ become侧重身体状态的变化look tired侧重视觉效果(看起来)下面的形容词：hungry, thirsty等词的用法与tired类似。【拓展】tired可以与of连用，构成tired of表示“对厌烦”。如：im tired of this work. 我讨厌这工作。【辨析】tired, tiringtired作形容词，通常作表语，句子的主语是人；tiring作形容词，通常作表语，句子的主语是物，也可作定语。如：the work is tiring. 这项工作没趣。this is tiring wo

21、rk. 这是一项令人厌烦的工作。2. stressed out过度紧张的stressed作形容词，在此意为“精神上紧张的，有压力的”。此处的out作副词，意为“彻底地，完全地”，表示程度。如：you look stressed.你看上去心事重重。【链接】stress作名词，意为“压力，紧张”；作动词，意为“加压力于，使紧张，给施加压力”。如：he is under great stress because of his new job. 新工作使他感受到沉重的压力。dont stress the children too much. 不要给孩子们太大的压力。3. traditional chi

22、nese doctors believe we need a balance of yin and yang to be healthy. 传统中医认为要想健康，我们需要在阴和阳之间保持平衡。(1) 该句是一个复合句，we的前面省略了连接词that，we在此作believe的宾语从句。如：he believe that he can pass the english exam. 他相信他的英语考试能及格。(2) believe相当于think, suppose等，表示“认为，相信”。常用于“believe + 宾语或that 从句”中，也可用于“believe + 宾语+宾语补足语”结构。如：

23、i believe him / what he said. 我相信他所说的话。i believe him right. 我认为他是对的。【金钥匙】 believe, think等引导宾语从句的that可省略。 当含believe, think等的主从复合句变为否定句时，如果主语是第一人称(i, we)时，要否定在主句上。如：i dont believe he will come. 我认为他不会来。 believe与think的区别在于否定和简略回答。如：is junk food good for health? 垃圾食品对身体健康有益吗？i believe not. (i dont think

24、 so.) 我认为不是的。(3) a balance of意为“的平衡，和谐，协调”。如：we must keep the balance of the nature. 我们必须保持生态平衡。(4) to be healthy是不定式短语，表示目的，意为“以使身体健康”。如：he gets up early every morning to go to school on time.为了能按时上学，他每天起得很早。he exercises for one hour every day to keep healthy. 为了保持身体健康，他每天锻炼一个小时。4. maybe you have t

25、oo much yin. 可能你阴盛。too much作形容词，意为“太多的，过于的”，后接不可数名词。如：you take too much interest in what you wear. 你太过于注重穿着。【拓展】much还可与so和very much连用，so much, very much后也只能接不可数名词，常表示很多，加强much的程度，但不含“太过于”的意思。如：there was so much food and we couldnt eat it all. 食物很多，我们无法全部吃完。there is never very much news on sundays. 星

26、期日从来没有多少新闻。much可作副词修饰动词。修饰动词时，除在疑问句、否定句中以外，不可单独使用，通常以very much, too much和so much等形式出现。如：she doesnt much like fruit. 她不太喜欢水果。she likes fruit very much. 她非常喜欢水果。you eat too much. 你吃得太多了。thank you very much. 非常感谢你。【金钥匙】much too的中心词是too，意为“太，非常，极其”，后接形容词或副词。如：its much too cold. 天气太冷了。5. you should eat h

27、ot yang foods, like beef. 你应该吃壮阳的食品，如牛肉。句中like beef是插入语，说明hot yang foods是哪些食物，like作介词，意为“诸如， 像这样的”，与such as相似，有举例说明了的意思。常与要说明的内容用逗号隔开。6. eating dangshen and huangqi herbs is also good for this. 吃当参和黄芪对这也有好处。(1) 句中eating是动名词短语作主语，表示所做的某件事。如：watching tv too much every day is bad for your eyes. 每天看太多的电

28、视对你的眼睛有害。doing more speaking can improve your english. 多说能提高你的英语。(2) be good for意为“对有益，有好处，有利于”，而be bad for表示“对有害，无益”。7. but people who are too stressed out and angry many have too much yang. 但是过度紧张并且容易生气的人可能阳气太多。 (1) 句中who是一个定语从句，修饰people， who在此处不疑问代词，不含疑问意思，而是一个关系代词，引出定语从句，修饰人。如：do you know the ma

29、n who is talking with our teacher? 你认识那个正和我们老师谈话的那个人吗？(2) angry是形容词，意思是“生气的，恼怒的”。如果表示“对某人生气”，就用be angry with结构，如果表示“对某事生气”，就用be angry about / at。如：he is angry with me.他对我很生气。he is angry about what i did. 他对我所做的事很生气。8. its easy to have a healthy lifestyle, and its important to eat a balanced diet. 具有

30、健康的生活方式并不难，重要的是膳食平衡。句中的两个it都是形式主语，而不定式to have, to eat都是真正的主语。如：its important to learn english. 学英语是很很需要的。【拓展】it作形式主语，除以上的结构处，还有：its + 形容词或名词 + for sb. to do sth.的结构。如：its difficult for him to answer the question. 对他来说，回答这个问题很难。its time for us to have a party. 到我们开晚会的时候了。9. you should go to bed early

31、 for a few nights. 你应该早睡几夜。 a few意为“一些，几个”，与some同义，但只能修饰可数名词的复数。如：i have a few friends here. 我在这里有几个朋友。【辨析】a few, few, a little, little(1) a few修饰可数名词的复数，表示肯定意思。(2) few意思是“几乎没有”，修饰可数名词的复数，表示否定意思。如：he has few friends. 他几乎没有朋友。(3) a little意思是“一点儿”，修饰不可数名词，表示肯定意思。另外，a little还可修饰形容词或副词的原级或比较级。如：there is

32、 a little milk in the bottle. 瓶子里有一点牛奶。he speaks a little quickly, i cant follow him. 他说得有点快，我听不懂。(4) little意思是“几乎没有”，修饰不可数名词，表示否定意思。如：i have little money. 我几乎没有钱。10. you should exercise to stay health. 你应该锻炼来保持健康。(1) 句中to stay healthy是不定式作目的状语。(2) stay healthy意思是“保持健康”，与keep healthy意思相同，stay作动词，意思是

33、“继续是，保持”，后接形容词词作表语。实战演练场夯实基础tired, hungry, thirsty, stressed out, important, weak, traditional, angry, western, early一、从方框中选出合适的词填空。1. she is a shy girl. she always feels _ when she speaks in front of stranger (陌生人).2. lucy gets up _. she doesnt want to be late for class. 3. mr. wang was _ after (在之

34、后) he heard (听到) the bad news. 4. im feeling very _ because i stayed up last night. 5. its _ for us to learn english. 6. im _. will you please give me some water?7. spring festival is chinese _ festival.8. sun yuan doesnt work hard. so she is _ in study.9. they live in a _ village.10. im kind of _.

35、would you like to eat out with me?二、用所给给词的正确形式真空。1. zhang lan has a_ (head), she doesnt come to school today.2. every morning i exercise one hour to keep _ (health).3. you should speak _ (much) english to improve (提高) it better.4. chinese medicine is now popular in many _ (west) countries.5. lucy of

36、ten brushes her _ (tooth) before she goes to bed.6. you have a bad cold. take some _ (medicine).7. whats the name of this _ (ill)?8. to keep in good health, you should look after your _ (balance) diet.9. i believe _ (tradition) chinese doctors.10. we should exercise _ (stay) healthy.三、单项选择。( ) 1. wh

37、en you are tired, you should eat hot yang foods to _ healthy.a. gob. growc. stayd. leave( ) 2. you shouldnt sleep only 3 hours. it will _ you sick.a. giveb. makec. taked. get( ) 3. he eats _ food, so he is _ fat (胖).a. much too, much toob. too much, too muchc. much too, too muchd. too much, much too

38、( ) 4. he is not good with others. so he has _ friends.a. fewb. a fewc. littled. kind of( ) 5. its interesting _ computer games.a. playb. playingc. to playd. plays( ) 6. its also good _ this to eat dangshen and huangqi herbs. a. forb. atc. tod. in四、句型转换。1. to go to bed early is very important for yo

39、ur health. (改为同义句) _ very important for your health _ _ to bed early.2. i believe you can do it well. (改为否定句) i _ _ you _ do it well.3. whats wrong with lily? (改为同义句) whats _ _ with lily?4. maybe you are too stressed out. (改为同义句) you _ _ too stressed out.5. she has to go out with her parents. (改为否定句

40、) she _ _ to go out with her parents.五、根据汉语提示完成下列句子。1. 如果你喉咙疼，就应该喝些加蜂蜜的热茶。 if you have _ _ _, you should drink _ _ _ _ _.2. 保持健康容易，饮食均衡重要。 its easy _ _ _, and its important _ _ _ _ _.3. 那些总感到压力大并易发怒的人，可能是因为体内阳气太盛。 people who _ _ _ and angry might have _ _ yang in their lives.4. 听音乐能使人轻松。 _ _ _ can m

41、ake people _.5. 多喝水对健康有益。 its good for health _ _ _ _.能力提高六、请将下面的问题和建议相互配对。problemsadvice( ) 1. a sore throata. listen to music( ) 2. a feverb. see a dentist( ) 3. stressed outc. take some flu (感冒) medicine( ) 4. a toothached. drink hot tea with honey( ) 5. hungrye. eat an apple( ) 6. a coldf. drink

42、 lots of water七、补全对话。a: whats the matter, mr. smith?b: 1._ i cant do any work, doctor.a: do you have a cough?b: no, i dont have a cough.a: 2._b: yes, i sleep very well.a: do you have breakfast every morning?b: no, i dont have breakfast. and i have only a little food for lunch and supper because i wa

43、nt to keep thin.a: oh, i see. 3._ you need to eat more food and have three meals a day. 4._b: ok. i will do like that.a: 5._a. i feel very well.b. i hope you will get better soon.c. do you sleep well at night?d. im not feeling well.e. and do some exercise every day.f. you need to eat less food.g. th

44、ere is nothing serious (严重的).b: thank you very much.self check知能新视窗本节主要学习情态动词should的使用，同时归纳总结本单元的学习材料，并就所学的语言谈论健康和提出建议。名师开小灶1. i need to see a dentist. 我需要看牙医。need在此句中作实义动词，意为“需要”，后接名词、代词、不定式。如：i need to buy a present for my daughter. 我需要给女儿买一件礼物。she needs some water to drink. 她需要一些水喝。【金钥匙】need作实义动词

45、时，还可后接动名词作宾语，但此时句子的主语是物，它与动名词之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。这种情况不同于need后接不定式。后接不定式时，主语与不定式的动作存在主谓关系。如：my bike is broken. it needs repairing. 我的自行车坏了，它需要修理。i need to repair my broken bike. 我需要修理我的坏自行车。【链接】need作情态动词 当need作为情态动词时，无时态和人称的变化，后接动词原形，在作疑问时，可以把need放在主语之前，作否定时，在need后直接加not，缩写成neednt。用need开头的疑问句，它的肯定回答用must， 否定

46、回答用neednt。如：need i go now?我必须现在去吗？yes, you must.是的，你必须去。no, you neednt. 不，你不必去。2. i hope youre enjoying my school in new york. 我希望你喜欢我在纽约的学校。 (1) hope意为“希望”，作动词。后接动词不定式和宾语从句。如：i hope to visit the great wall. i hope that i will visit the great wall. 我希望参观长城。【辨析】hope, wish 两词都可接动词不定式作宾语，不接动词-ing形式。wis

47、h to do sth.表达主观愿望，没有考虑是否可能。hope to do sth.表示对将来的希望，并相信经过努力能实现。如：i wish to fly to the moon one day. 我希望有一天飞到月球上去。i hope to be a teacher. 我希望当一名老师。 两者都可接宾语从句。hope的从句的谓语动词时态用正常的时态，而wish从句的谓语动词常用过去式，若是be动词，一般都用were。如：i hope they can help me. 我希望他们能帮我。i wish i would one million dollars. 我希望我有一百万美元。i wis

48、h i were ten years younger. 我希望我年轻十岁。 wish后可接形容词、动词不定式作宾语补足语，也可接双宾语表示祝愿，而hope不能这样用。如：i wish you well and happy. 我希望你健康快乐。i wish you to write to me soon. 我希望你不久给我回信。i wish you a good luck! 祝你好运。 在简略答句中hope之后可接so表示“希望如此”，接not表示“希望不如此”，而wish不能这样用。如：we will have a christmas party tomorrow. 明天我们要开一个圣诞晚会。

49、i hope so. 我希望如此。(2) enjoy作动词，意为“喜欢，欣赏，享受”，后接名词、代词或动名词。如：i enjoy the song. 我喜欢那首歌。i enjoy listening to music. 我喜欢听音乐。【链接】短语enjoy oneself=have a good time意为“玩得愉快”。3. im not feeling very well at the moment. 我现在感觉不太好。(1) feel作动词，意为“感觉，感到”，后接形容词作表语。用现在进行时表示当前的状态。如：are you feeling cold? 你觉得冷吗？【金钥匙】feel w

50、ell表示“身体舒服”，feel good表示“精神上舒服”。(2) at the moment意为“此刻，现在”。相当于now。如：theyre very busy at the moment. 他们现在很忙。【链接】与moment相关的短语in a moment立刻，马上wait a moment稍等一会儿4. i study late very night, sometimes until 2 am. 我每晚学到很晚，有时直到凌晨2点。(1) until=till可以作介词也可作连词，意为“直到”，引导时间状语或时间状语从句。在肯定句中，until与持续性动词连用，表示某动作持续到某时。

51、如：youd better wait until the rain stops. 你最好等到雨停。i watched the football game on tv until 12 oclock last night. 昨晚我在电视上看足球赛到十二点。(2) until否定句中与非延续性动词连用，意为“直到才”，“不之前不”。如：i didnt come home until 5 oclock. 直到5点我才到家。i wont go to bed until my father comes back. 直到父亲回来我才睡觉。【金钥匙】含有after, before引导的时间状语从句可以转换为until的从句。如：i went to bed after 10 oclock. 可以转换为：i didnt go to bed until 10 oclock.5. im sorry to hear tha