高三2月4日英语阅读第三讲宋丽ppt

1、Welcome to our class 二轮复习专题阅读理解二轮复习专题阅读理解 Learning aims： Find out and summarize the skills in doing reading. comprehensionhow to grasp the main idea Learn and apply the skills to exercise. Improve the ability to judge and deal with the information. A STORY: A mother mouse was out for a walk with her

2、 babies when she found a cat behind a bush.She watched the cat , and the cat watched the mice. All of a sudden,Mother mouse barked fiercely.Woof,woof,woof!”.The cat was so frightened that it ran instantly.Mother mouse turned to her babies and said,Now, do you understand the value of a second languag

3、e? 1.what is the story mainly about? 2.what do we learn from the story? 这几年高考中所有的试题都是在语篇中考查，听力这几年高考中所有的试题都是在语篇中考查，听力 阅读，写作，完型填空，语法填空，无一例外全都阅读，写作，完型填空，语法填空，无一例外全都 突出语篇的重要性，所以在备考中必须高度重视语突出语篇的重要性，所以在备考中必须高度重视语 篇能力篇能力 How to grasp the main idea of a passage ? 高三英语 宋丽 Strategies for grasping the main ide

4、a details paragraph ideas paragraph ideas details details passage idea paragraph ideas 高三英语 宋丽 年份总题数 题型 细节理解推理判断主旨大意词义猜测 2019（全国I）158421 2018（全国I）157521 2017（全国I）158511 近三年高考全国卷近三年高考全国卷I I阅读理解技能考查分布阅读理解技能考查分布 要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、 归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法，对文章进行高度概括或总结 ，属于高层次题。 There is no difficulty in the

5、world, if you put your heart into it. Questions forms: 1.What does the writer mainly tell us? 2.Which of the following can summarize the main idea of this passage? 3.Which of the following best expresses the main idea? 4.Which is the subject discussed in the text? 5.The best headline for this newspa

6、per article is _. 6.Whats the best title for this passage? main idea型型, 即即: 主题型主题型.topic 或或 title型型, 即即: 标题型标题型. 主题型解题技巧主题型解题技巧 技巧一：寻找主题句，确定文章主题技巧一：寻找主题句，确定文章主题 技巧二技巧二: : 抓文章段落大意，概括中心思抓文章段落大意，概括中心思 想想 技巧三技巧三: : 找高频词 找高频词 新闻报道新闻报道导语导语提携全文提携全文 议论文议论文 （论点论据结论）（论点论据结论）开头或结尾开头或结尾 说明文说明文 （首中尾）（首中尾） 开头或结尾开

7、头或结尾 记叙文记叙文 记叙文六要素记叙文六要素 开头，结尾或贯穿开头，结尾或贯穿 寻找主题句？寻找主题句？ 识别文体识别文体 Sample 1： People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they havent eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruit

8、s or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what were called fast-foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft drink. Sample 2： Today the problem of environment has become more and more serious. The world population is rising, so quickly

9、 that the world has become too crowded. We are using up our natural resources too quickly and at the same time we are polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals. 主题句在段首主题句在段首 一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头，其后的句子则是论证性细节。一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头，其后的句子则是论证性细节。 在议论文，科技文献和新闻报道中多采用这种格式。在议论文，科技文献和新闻报道中多采用这种格式。 Sample 3： S

10、ome students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time. Sample 4： When you are poor, you can also sa

11、y you are very happy, because you have something else that can t be bought with money. When you meet with difficulties, you can say loudly you are very happy, because you have more chances to challenge yourself. So you should always say you are happy. 主题句也会出现在段尾。作者先摆出事实依据, 层层推理论证, 最后自然得出结论, 即段落的主题。本

12、段的中心思想在结尾句得 到体现,它是此段内容的结论。 What is the main idea of the passage ? A.Smoking is bad for health. B.Smoking will increase pollution. C.Smoking should be banned. D.Smoking can cause fire. Sample 5: Smoking in indoor public places including public working places, public transport vehicles and some other

13、special outdoor working places has been banned (禁止) in China since January 2011.Should smoking be banned in public places?Of course,it should be. First, banning smoking will not only help in saving smokers from health problems and diseases, but will also be good for passive smokers. Next, banning sm

14、oking will put stress on smokers to give up. Since a smoker is prevented from smoking. At last,smoking cigarettes adds to the pollution of the air,so if it isbanned, it will help in saving the environment from further deterioration(恶化恶化). Sample 6: Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark nigh

15、t if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand . A camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has be

16、en out. 在短文中间在短文中间 当主题句被安排在段中间时, 通常前面只提出问题， 文中的 主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出, 而后 又作进一步的解释, 支撑或发展. 技巧二技巧二: : 从段落中归纳要点抓大意，理清线索从段落中归纳要点抓大意，理清线索. . 寻找整篇文章的中心思想是建立在寻找具体段落中寻找整篇文章的中心思想是建立在寻找具体段落中 心的基础上的。各段落中心句的整体归纳便是文章的心的基础上的。各段落中心句的整体归纳便是文章的 中心思想。中心思想。 无主题句怎无主题句怎 么办？么办？ Sample 7: Mothers Day was coming, a man

17、stopped at a flower shop to order some flowers to be wired(电邮给) to his mother who lived two hundred miles away. As he got out of his car, he noticed a young girl sobbing . He asked her what was wrong with her and she replied, “I wanted to buy a red rose for my mother. But I only have seventy-five ce

18、nts, and a rose costs two dollars.”The man smiled and said, “Come on in with me. Ill buy you a rose.”After they went in, he bought a rose for the little girl and ordered flowers for his own mother. As they were leaving, he offered to ride the girl home. She said, “Yes, please! But can you take me to

19、 my mother?” “To your mother?” the man was a little puzzled but didnt say anything. She directed him to a cemetery(公墓), where she placed the rose on a freshly dug grave (新坟). The man was shocked and returned to the flower shop, canceled the wire order, picked up a bunch of flowers and drove the two

20、hundred miles to his mothers house. He planned to wire some roses for his mother . He helped a girl buy a flower for her mother . He found her flower was for her dead mother. He sent the flowers for his mother himself. What is the passage mainly about? A.Moved by the girl, the man sent his mother th

21、e flowers himself on Mothers Day. B.A man helped a girl to buy a flower for her mother. C.We should often help others. D.We should love our mothers. 技巧三技巧三: : 从段落中寻找高频率词从段落中寻找高频率词 任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此， 许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出 现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词 E

22、g.A new eight-kilometer road is under construction that links the port area with motorway system. It is expected to carry 20,000 trucks and cars a day, which greatly reduces the overcrowded traffic in the center of the city.As part of the project, two four-kilometer road tunnels are being built belo

23、w the central area of the city, one for traffic to the north and the other for the traffic to the south. The two tunnels are about 20 meters below the surface and are 12 meters wide, providing for two lanes of traffic in each direction. In the upper part of the tunnel two air-conditioning pipes remo

24、ve the waste gas of trucks and cars and keep the quality of air inside the tunnel. The lighting is at the top of the tunnel, practically at its highest point. There will also be electric signs at frequent intervals. They show traffic conditions ahead and can be seen clearly by drivers. The wall is m

25、ade up of four main elements, which include a waterproofing covering and, on the inside of the tunnel, a concrete lining. Sample 8 ; Each tunnel is roughly round and the lower part of the tunnel is somewhat flat. The surface of the road lies on the base, which is made of concrete and steel. The drai

26、nage system, just below the road surface on one side, removes any extra liquid, particularly water. In the event of fire, the fire main, which is made of steel, pipes water to many fire hydrant stations at regular intervals along the length of the tunnel. The fire main is at the side of the tunnel a

27、nd at the level of the road surface. Other systems in the tunnel will include emergency phones. 75. The passage is mainly about _. A. the construction of a road B. the design of a road C. the construction of two tunnels D.the design of two tunnels 标题类: 标题是段落中心思想最精炼的表达形式。 文章标题可以是单词、短语，也可以是句子。 它的特点是：短

28、小精悍，多为一短语；涵盖性强， 一般要求能覆盖全文，其确定的范围要恰当，既不 能太大，也不能太小；精确性强，不能随意改变语 言表意的程度及色彩。 Sample 9: “Have a nice day！” may be a pleasant gesture or a meaningless expression. When my friend Maxie says have a nice day with a smile，I know she sincerely cares about what happens to me. Although the use of the expression

29、is an insincere，meaningless social custom at times, there is nothing wrong with the sentence except that its a little uninteresting. The salesgirl，the waitress，the teacher，and all the countless others who speak it without thinking may not really care about my day. But in a strange and comfortable wa

30、y. Its nice to know they care enough to pretend they care when their really dont care all that much. While the expression may not often be sincere，its always spoken. The point is that people say it all the time when they like. 30.What is the best title of the passage? AHave a Nice Daya Social Custom

31、 BHave a Nice Daya Pleasant Gesture CHave a Nice Daya Heartwarming Greeting DHave a Nice Daya Polite Ending of a Conversation 用精炼的语言概括出文章的中心思想用精炼的语言概括出文章的中心思想 要注意文章的内涵和外延要注意文章的内涵和外延, 把作者的观点准确地把作者的观点准确地 表达出来表达出来. 要排除掉那些片面的选项要排除掉那些片面的选项, 选取包含文章的主要选取包含文章的主要 内容及作者观点的选项内容及作者观点的选项, 范围不宜过大或过小范围不宜过大或过小. 所选择

32、的标题要新颖所选择的标题要新颖,对读者有吸引力对读者有吸引力, 能激发读能激发读 者的阅读兴趣者的阅读兴趣. challenge yourself What is the main idea ? A. The panda is a popular animal. B. Cold is serious for children. C. Cold has obvious symptoms. D. Cold should be cured at once. 1. The panda is a popular animal. Stories about the panda in the Washing

33、ton Zoo are always front page news and important features on television newscasts. Stuffed pandas are among the most popular toys for children, and panda postcards are always in demand in zoo gift shops. 2. Often no one looks more guilty than the innocent. On the other hand, nobody may look more inn

34、ocent than a professional criminal. And the man who knows “everything” may really only be trying to hide his own weakness. So, it is foolish to try to judge a person only by his appearance What does the writher want to tell us ? A. The innocent looks more guilty. B. The professional criminal looks i

35、nnocent. C. A man knows everything likes to hide his weekness. D. We shouldnt judge a person only by his appearance. 3. For adults a cold is not that serious. However, this is not the case for children. Cold symptoms in children may be signs of more serious diseases and should be given prompt medica

36、l attention. What does the paragraph mainly talk about? A. Cold is not serious for adults. B. Cold is serious for children. C. Cold has obvious symptoms. D. Cold should be cured at once. 4.Tom studied four years at the University of Paris and decided to leave before his graduation. He transferred to

37、 the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida. The main idea of this paragraph is that _. A. Tom had studied at Paris Universities for four yea

38、rs. B. Tom became a lawyer since his graduation from Harvard Law School and later from Boston College. C. Tom was an excellent student when he studied at Berlin university. D. Tom received an excellent education. 5. WeChat(微信) is a mobile text and voice messaging communication service developed by T

39、encent in China, first released in January 2011. With WeChat, we can communicate with friends by sending text messages, voice messages, we can share our photos or videos, share our location, we can even chat with lots of friends at the same time. More important, it is free for the users. The main id

40、ea of this paragraph is that _. A. The tools of chatting. B. We can use Wechat to chat with lots of friends. C. The functions of Wechat. D. We should often communicate with friends. 6. There is a simple economic principle used to determine prices. It is called the law of supply and demand. Supply me

41、ans the amount of, or access to, certain goods. Demand represents the number of people who want those goods. If there are more goods than wanted, the price of them falls. On the other hand, if the demand for those goods is much greater than the supply, then price rises. Of course manufacturers prefe

42、r to sell more goods at increased prices. What is the main idea ? A.Economic Principles B.Law of Supply and Demand C.More Goods, Lower Prices D.Fewer Goods, Higher Prices 7. If you are robbed, keep calm. If you cannot cry for help or run away, give the robber your money. Try to remember what the rob

43、ber looks like and tell the police. If it is raining hard and there is lightning.Dont stay in high places and keep away from trees. When there is a fire,get away as fast as you can. Put wet things on your body and try and find an exit. Do not take the lift! If someone is drowning(溺水),If you cant swi

44、m, dont get into the water. Cry out for help. Remember that danger is never as far away as you think.We should take care of ourselves. What is the best title ? A. Danger everywhere. B. Take care of ourselves. C. How to save others D. Dont stay under the tree when raining. 13.across 熟义：prep. 从的一边到另一边too tight across the shoulders 生义：adv.