仁爱英语八下语法复习讲解及练习

1、重庆开县西街中学 1 形容词、副词的比较等级1.原级：表示A与B在某方面相同。asas,not as/so as .注意：not as / so as = less than 不及；不如. less+原形，否定的比较级.eg. This book isnt as interesting as that one = This book is _ _ _ that one.=That book is _ _ _this one.2.比较级：两者进行比较（常与than连用）Which is _ useful, this one or that one? 哪本书更有趣，这本还是那本？3.最高级：三者（

2、或三者以上）进行比较（常与表范围的in , of短语连用）1)Shanghai is the _(big) city in China.2)He runs _(fast) in our class.3)He is the _(tall) of the three boys.4.形、副比较等级的其他用法1) “比较级and 比较级” 表示 “越来越”lazier and lazier 越来越懒. 注意：多音节词用此结构时应为 more and more + (形、副). more and more beautiful 越来越漂亮2) “the比较级，the比较级” “越，越”_ you are,

3、 _ you will get.你越懒，收获越少。注意: the 后是用形容词还是副词。你越细心。The more _ you are. =The more _ you do.3) “the比较级of +二者” “二者中较的一个”Lucy is the _(young) of the twins.4)表示二者相差多少用 “具体数量 + 比较级”他比我高一个头。Hes a _ _ than me.My brother is_ _ _ than me.(大两岁)5)表示“是几倍”时用“twice; three times等 + asas”This book _ _ as _ as that one

4、. 这本书的价钱是那本书的两倍。He has _ _ as _ books as I have 他拥有的书是我拥有的四倍。6)区别older / elder与farther / furtherolder（年龄较老的） elder（指兄弟姐妹中排行在前的）eg. My _ brother is _ than me.farther (指距离“较远的”)further(指抽象事物的“更进一步的”)1)He went abroad for _ studies.2)Beijing is _ from our hometown than Chongqing. 形、副比较等级还应注意1.比较级前用a lit

5、tle 一点儿; much / a lot ; even / still，表示“；得多 ； 更.1) a little bigger 大一点儿 2)much more 多得多3)even heavier更重但注意：不能在比较级前加so; too; very; quite等。这些词用在原形前。2.比较级必须是同类事物相比（即as; than后的词应与主语是The同类事物），注意常用漏的代词有：that; those; one; ones。My hair is longer than _ (she)The silk or woolen scarves feel softer than _ made

6、 of cotton.3.个体与整体相比，不能包括个体，常用“any other + 单数名词”来进行比较。1）Betty(是个体) is cleverer than any student in her class(是整体). ( )正：Betty is cleverer than _ _ student in her class.= Betty is cleverer than ( _ ) _ students in her class.=Betty is cleverer than _ _ in her class.= _ _ is clever than Betty.=Betty is

7、 the _in her class.2)China is bigger than _ _ in Africa.中国比非洲的任何一个国家都大。3) China is bigger than _ _ _in Asia. 中国比亚洲任何一个其他国家大。*4.使用最高级时应把主语包括在范围内。Mary is the tallest of all her sisters.( ) (all her sisters已排除了Mary)改：Mary is the tallest of all the sisters.5.表示“第二、第三”时，可在最高级前加“second , third, ”（但“第一”可以省

8、略用first）Yellow River is the _ _ river in China,2 句子分析一、句子成分（一）句子成分的定义：有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和_。（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：1

9、、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks.（2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students.（四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。His job is to teach English.（不定式）（五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。H

10、e pretended not to see me.（不定式短语）宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They made him their monitor.（六）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。例如：His father named him Dongming.（名词）（七）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示：Ou

11、r monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）（八）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。状语种类如下：1 How about meeting again at six?（_状语）2 Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.（_状语）3 I shall go there if it doesnt rain.（_状语）4 Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（_状语

12、）5 She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方_状语）6 She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴_状语）7 In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（_状语）8 He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（_状语）9 She works very hard though she is old.（_状语）10 I am taller than he is.（_

13、状语）二、简单句、并列句和复合句（一）句子种类两种分类法1、按句子的用途可分四种：1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：He is six years old; She didnt hear of you before.2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, cant she?3）祈使句：Be careful, boys; Dont talk in class4）感叹句：How clever the boy is!2、按句子的结构可分三种：1）简

14、单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。2）并列句：由并列连词（and, but, or等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。 You help him and he helps you.3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。（二）简单句的五种基本句型1、主语+系动词+表语：e.g. He is a student.2、主语+不及物动词：e.g. We work.3、主语+及物动词+宾语：e.g. Henry bought a dictionary.4、主语+及物动词

15、+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）：e.g. My father bought me a car.5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）：e.g. Tom made the baby laugh.注：其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。（三）并列句的分类1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, not onlybut also, neithernor, then等连接。. The teachers name is Smith, and the students name is John.2、表示选择，常用的连词有or, eitheror, otherwise等。. Hurry

16、 up, or youll miss the train.3、表示转折，常用的连词有but, still, however, yet, while,等。.4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有because, so, for, since, for等。.（四）考点探讨1、简单句的五大句型是最基本的句型。在阅读中有时需借助于划分句子成分去理解，在书面表达中，没有最基本的遣词造句的能力是不可能用地道的英语句子来表达清楚的。2、祈使句、反意疑问句和感叹句是命题的热点之一。有时把祈使句与反意疑问句结合于一体来考查。一个题目，几个考点，是近几年命题的发展趋势。Lets go,_ _? Dont do it li

17、ke that,_ _?3、对简单句、并列句和各种复合句的考查常表现在对连词的选择和使用上。如：and, but, or, while，以及其它连接名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的连接词、关联词。4、各种主从复合句的考查常常与动词的时态联系在一起，以宾语从句与状语从句最为明显，时间从句与条件从句中，如果主句是将来时，从句则用一般式表将来，这一点在高考中经常考查。如：We will go outing if it _ _(不下雨)tomorrow.3 状语从句时间状语从句，其连接词有：after， before， when， as， as soon as， until (till)， while

18、， since， by其中较难掌握的有以下几点：1 until (till) 直到，在用 until 表达时间状语的句子中，主句中的动词是要十分小心去选择。如动词是持续性动词，它要用肯定句，如：I studied hard _ 12 oclock last night.如果动词是瞬间截止性动词，则要用否定句，如：He _ go to bed_ until his mother came back.2 在状语从句中用一般现在时或一般过去时表示将来。它们可能是主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，如：If it rains, they wont go to the park on Sunday.as

19、 强调随着时间推移，当时。考试中常见的考点有：要学生区别是条件、时间状语从句还是宾语从句，因在宾语从句中该用什么时态用什么时态，如：I want to know if he will come here tomorrow.if it rains, he will not come.原因状语从句中主要是because， 因为.表达的因果关系最强，如：He didnt pass the exam because he didnt study hardsince 应译为既然，如：Since you were ill yesterday, I left some notes on your desk.

20、as 应译为由于，如： As it is too hot wed better go swimming.since 与 as 所表达的因果关系远比 because 弱得多。而 for 表达的因果关系最弱。它不能用于句首，如： He studies hard, for he wants to go to college.比较状语从句中有同级比较 as as， 要注意的有两点：as as 中间要用原级而不是比较级。 用形容词还是副词，如：Mary writes as carefully as Tom.Mary is as careful as Tom. 4 宾语从句 ( )1They want t

21、o know _ do to help us. A. what they can B. how they can C. how can they D. what can they ( )2His teacher _ he _ bright and _ he was worth teaching. A. didnt think; was; that B. thought was; whether C. didnt think; was; D .thought; wasnt; ( )3_ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A.If B

22、.Whether C.That D.Where 学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：连接词、语序和时态。 1.引导词1从句为陈述句，常选择引导词that或将that省略，直接与主句相连。2从句为一般疑问句，常选择引导词if或whether。在 whether or not 结构中不能用 if 替换。3从句为特殊疑问句，常选择what, when, where, which, who, how等的疑问代、副词作引导词。注意：当who为主语时，句式为：who+谓语+其他2.判断时态情况1主句是一般现在时，从句为各种时态情况。 2主句是一般过去时，从句为各种相应过去时态注意；描绘客观事实，用一般现在时。 （ ）1 The teacher told the children that the sun_ round. A. was B. is C. were D. are ( ) 2 I believe that our team_ the basketball match. A. win B. won C. will win D. wins ( ) 3 I dont know_ to visit the old man. A. whether B. if C. that D. who 3.宾语从句的用法1that引导宾语从句无意义，不充当句子成分常省略。但下列情况除外： (1)介词宾语