英语四级仔细阅读篇

1、Detailed Reading,Xiaohui, Sun Mar. 23,考试题型,选材原则,语料均来自英文原版材料，包括日常生活中的报刊、书籍等。 选材原则： 1.题材广泛。 2.体裁多样。 3.仔细阅读难度适中，快速阅读、选词填空难度略低。 4.词汇不超出教学要求中的一般词汇。,高分攻略,一、选词填空 二、篇章阅读理解,高分攻略,一、选词填空 1.题型介绍 解题时间：10分钟 分值：5% 删去10个词汇，给出15个选项,高分攻略,一、选词填空 2.选项特点 一般首句不设空，一句中不设两空 选项一般为实词，一般不考查介词、冠词等虚词 正确选项均有干扰项。选项表中，正确选项与干扰项一般不在一

2、起 选项的词性、词形、时态、语态不作任何变化 如选项中出现一组近义词或反义词，往往有一个是干扰项,高分攻略,一、选词填空 3.解题技巧 速读全文，了解大意 浏览选项，分析词性 积极思考，谨慎选择 复查全文，验证答案,高分攻略,一、选词填空 3.解题技巧 积极思考，谨慎选择 空格前为冠词(a, an, the)、形容词或及物动词，应填名词 空格前为have/has/had，应填过去分词 空格前为be动词，应填过去分词、现在分词或形容词 空格前为副词，应填形容词 空格前为介词，应填名词或动名词,高分攻略,一、选词填空 3.解题技巧 积极思考，谨慎选择 空格前为形容词或从句，应填副词 空格前为名词，

3、应填动词或形容词 空格前为动词，应填名词或副词 选择过程中不必按顺序做题，可先选出最有把握的，然后删除该词，缩小范围,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 八大出题规律 五大题型,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 八大出题规律 1.主题句 往往在文章首段的段首、段尾，或尾段的段尾 每段的主题句一般位于段首或段尾,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 八大出题规律 1.主题句 演绎类：篇首 归纳类：篇尾 有时，文章中间,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 八大出题规律 1.主题句 E.g. (2009年12月) Hamilton isnt the only educator crossing the Atlantic. Scho

4、ols in France, Egypt, Singapore, etc. have also recently made top-level hires from abroad. Higher education has become a big and competitive business nowadays, and like so many businesses, its gone global. Yet the talent flow isnt universal. High-level personnel tend to head in only one direction: o

5、utward from America.,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 1.主题句 E.g. (2009年12月) 62. What is the current trend in higher education discussed in the passage? A. Institutions worldwide are hiring administrators from the US. B. A lot of political activists are being recruited as administrators. C. American universitives are e

6、nrolling more international students. D. University presients are paying more attention to fund raising.,A,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 八大出题规律 2.强转折、强对比 强转折 转折连词引出全文或段落的主旨 常考转折词还有in fact, nevertheless, nonetheless, though, although等,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 2.强转折、强对比 强转折E.g. (2009年12月) Throughout this long, tense election, e

7、veryone has focused on the presidential candidates and how theyll change America. Right so. But selfishly, Im more fascinated by Michelle Obama and what she might be able to do, not just for this country, but for me as an African-American woman. As the potential First Lady, she would have the worlds

8、 attention. And what means that for the first time people will have a chance to get up close and personal with the type of African-American woman they so rarely see.,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 2.强转折、强对比 强转折 (2009年12月) 57. Why does Michelle Obama hold a strong fascination for the author? A. She serves as a role m

9、odel for African-American women. B. She possesses many admirable qualities becoming a First Lady. C. She will present to the world a new image of African-American women. D. She will pay closer attention the the interests of African-American women.,C,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 八大出题规律 2.强转折、强对比 强对比 往往是正误观点或新旧观点对比

10、转折连词之后的正确观念或新观点是出题重点 常考对比词有on the other hand, on the contrary, in/by contrast/comparison, in opposition (to), notbut, while, rather than等,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 2.强转折、强对比 强对比 E.g. (2006年12月) Even people who have a physical disease of handicap (缺陷) may be “well” in this new sense, if they make an effort to ma

11、intain the best possible health they can in the face of their physical limitations. “Wellness” may perhaps best be viewed not as a state that people can achieve, but as an ideal that people can strive for. People who are well are likely to be better able to resist disease and to fight disease when i

12、t strikes. And by focusing attention on healthy ways of living, the concept of wellness can have a beneficial impact on the ways in which people face the challenges of daily life.,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 2.强转折、强对比 强对比 E.g. (2006年12月) 65. According to the author, the true meaning of “wellness” is for people _.

13、 A. to best satisfy their bodys special needs B. to strive to maintain the best possible health C. to meet the strictest standards of bodily health D. to keep a proper balance between work and leisure,B,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 八大出题规律 3.列举、举例 列举 往往是事实细节题的主要出题点 根据题干中的关键词找到文中列举处，然后对照原文与选项进行作答 正面出题，反面出题,高分攻略,二、篇章

14、阅读理解 3.列举、举例 列举. (2006年6月) The following list is a good place to start. Educational requirements differ from country to country. In almost every case of “cross-boarder” job hunting, just stating the title of your degree will not be an adequate description. Provide the reader with details about your

15、studies and related experience.,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 3.列举、举例 列举. (2006年6月) 34. When writing about qualifications, applicants are advised to _. A. provide a detailed description of their study and work experiences B. give the title of the university degree they have earned at home C. highlight their keen in

16、terest in pursuing a “cross-boarder” career D. stress their academic potential to impress the decision maker,A,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 八大出题规律 3.列举、举例 举例 命题重点之一 与文章或段落的中心密切相关；不明显的例证，通过上下文进行理解 总结说明可作为解题依据,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 3.列举、举例 举例. (2009年12月) In the past few years, prominent schools around the world have joined

17、the trend. In 2003, when Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard, another former Yale provost (教务长), as its vice-chancellor, the university publicly stressed that in their previous job she had overseen (监督) “a major strengthening of Yales financial position.”,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 3.列举、举例 举例. (2009年12

18、月) 65. Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard as its vice-chancllor chiefly because _. A. she was known to be good at raising money B. she could help strengthen its ties with Yale C. she knew how to attract students overseas D. she has boosted Yales academic status,A,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 八大出题规律 4.因果

19、 两个事件的内在因果关系往往是出题重点 给出原因找结果 给出结果找原因 常用词汇和短语： arise from, originate from, owe to, attribute to,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 八大出题规律 4.因果 (2008年12月) There are many reasons for this typically, men take more risks than women and are more likely to drink and smoke but perhaps more importantly, men dont go to the doctor.

20、,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 八大出题规律 4.因果 (2008年12月) 58. What does the author state is the most important reason men die five years earlier on average than women? A. Men drink and smoke much more than women B. Men dont seek medical care as often as women C. Men arent as cautious as women in face of danger D. Men a

21、re more likely to suffer from fatal disease,B,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 八大出题规律 5.引言、专有名词 往往是命题之处，考查引言得出的结论 考查细节或推断题,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 八大出题规律 6.特殊标点 一般表示进一步的解释说明 往往是理解中心思想的关键,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 八大出题规律 6.特殊标点 (2009年12月) Just as she will have her critics, she will also have millions of fans who usually have little interest

22、 in the First Lady. Many African-American blogs have written about what theyd like to see Michelle bring to the White House mainly showing the world that a black woman can support her man and raise a strong black family. Michelle will have to work to please everyone an impossible task.,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解

23、 八大出题规律 6.特殊标点 (2009年12月) 60. What does the author say about Michelle Obama as a First Lay? A. Howerver many fans she has, she should remain modest. B. She shouldnt disappoint the African-American community. C. However hard she tries, she cant expect to please everybody. D. She will give priority to

24、 African-American womens concerns.,C,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 八大出题规律 7.复杂句、特殊句型 8.生词及一词多义,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 八大出题规律 8.生词及一词多义 (2006年12月) The field of medicine has not traditionally distinguished between someone who is merely “not ill” and someone who is in excellent health and pays attention to the bodys special ne

25、eds. Both types have simply been called “well.”,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 八大出题规律 8.生词及一词多义 (2006年12月) 64. Traditionally, a person is considered “well” if he _. A. does not have any unhealthy living habits B. doesnt have any physical handicaps C. is able to handle his daily routines D. is free from any kind of d

26、isease,D,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 五大题型 细节题 主旨题 推理题 态度题 语义题,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 五大题型 细节题：最常考题型 题型分类： 1）词语细节题： 答案直接来自原文，只需按照题干中的关键词返回原文定位，找到对应表达，即可在上下文找到答案,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 五大题型 细节题：最常考题型 题型分类： 2）隐含细节题： 从题干中很难找到直接对应原文的表达，或答案间接隐含在原文中，又或答案是原文中某一事实的原因、前提或结果,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 五大题型 细节题：最常考题型 题干形式： According to the passage, may Th

27、ose against argue that According to the passage, why? According to the author, According to the passage, why is? In the first paragraph, people are reminded that,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 五大题型 细节题：最常考题型 正确选项特征： 1）如有两个含义相近或相反选项，其一可能是正确选项,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 1）如有两个含义相近或相反选项，其一可能是正确选项 E.g. (2009年12月) 58. What is the com

28、mon stereotype of African-American women according to the author? A. They are victims of family violence. B. They are of an inferior social group. C. They use quite a lot of body language. D. They live on charity and social welfare.,B,A,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 五大题型 细节题：最常考题型 正确选项特征： 2）正确选项一般不是照抄原文，而是进行同义替换,高分

29、攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 2）正确选项一般不是照抄原文，而是进行同义替换 E.g. (2009年12月) Many African-American blogs have written about what theyd like to see Michelle bring to the White House mainly showing the world that a black woman can support her man and raise a strong black family.,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 2）正确选项一般不是照抄原文，而是进行同义替换 E.g. (200

30、9年12月) 59. What do many African-Americans write about in their blogs? A. Whether Michelle can live up to the high expectations of her fans. B. How Michelle should behave as a public figure. C. How proud they are to have a black woman in the White House. D. What Michelle should do as wife and mother

31、in the White House.,D,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 五大题型 细节题：最常考题型 正确选项特征： 3）排除式题型中，含有模糊性概括词的一般是正确选项，而含绝对意义词的一般是错误选项。 模糊类概括词：some, certain, someone, sometimes, less, (not) as as, more than ,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 五大题型 细节题：最常考题型 正确选项特征： 3）排除式题型中，含有模糊性概括词的一般是正确选项，而含绝对意义词的一般是错误选项。 绝对含义词：all, any, everyone, everything, no, none

32、, never, must, have to, always, too, so, alone, absolutely, mainly, entirely, completely, very, the most, hardly, scarecely,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 五大题型 细节题：最常考题型 错误选项特征： 含有原文未涉及的内容 更换原文关键词造成意义改变 将原文内容过度绝对化 与原文矛盾,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 五大题型 细节题：最常考题型 错误选项特征 E.g. (2009年12月) Many European universities, meanwhile, are st

33、ill mostly dependent on government funding. But government support has failed to keep pace with rising student numbers. The decline in government support has made fund-raising an increasingly necessary ability among administrators, and has hiring committees hungry for Americans.,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 五大题型:

34、细节题：最常考题型 错误选项特征 E.g. (2009年12月) 64. What do we learn about European universities from the passage? A. The tuitions they charge have been rising considerably. B. Their operation is under strict government supervision. C. They are strengthening their position by globalization. D. Most of their revenu

35、es come from the government.,D,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 五大题型 主旨题 题型分类： 标准型 目的型 大意型,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 五大题型 主旨题 题干形式： 标准型 Which of the following titles best summarize the main idea of the passage? The best title for the passage would be,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 五大题型 主旨题 题干形式： 目的型 The authors main purpose in writing the passage

36、 is to Whats the authors purpose in writing this article?,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 五大题型 主旨题 题干形式： 大意型 The passage is mainly about The passage mainly discusses,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 五大题型 主旨题 正确选项特征： 1)正确选项一般内容全面、含义深刻、概括全文。,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 五大题型：主旨题 正确选项特征(2005年1月) 30. What is the authors purpose in writing this article? A

37、. To justify the study of the Boston University Medical Center. B. To stress the importance of maintaining proper weight. C. To support the statement made by York Onnen. D. To show the most effective way to lose weight.,D,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 五大题型 主旨题 正确选项特征： 2)如果出现内容相近或相反两个选项，其一可能是正确选项。,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 五大题型

38、：主旨题 正确选项特征(2006年6月) 25. The passage mainly discusses _. A. unequal treatment of boys and girls in developing countries B. the major contributions of educated women to society C. the economic and social benefits of educating women D. the potential earning power of well-educated women,C,B,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读

39、理解 五大题型：主旨题 正确选项特征(2006年6月) 25. The passage mainly discusses _. 解析： 第一段：enhancing womens contribution to development is actually as much an economic as a social issue 最后一段：educating women has great social benefits. But it has enormous economic advantages as well.,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 五大题型 主旨题 正确选项特征： 3)正确选

40、项一般含有概括性词语或抽象名词。如： way, benefit, importance, necessity (necessary), chance, opportunity, concept, approach, difficulty, many, both, various,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 五大题型：主旨题 正确选项特征(2005年12月) 31. The passage is mianly about _. A. the benefits of manageable stress B. how to avoid stressful situations C. how to c

41、ope with stress effectively D. the effect of stress hormones on memory,A,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 五大题型：主旨题 正确选项特征(2005年12月) 31. The passage is mianly about _. 解析： A: 含benefit: be good stress: challenging situations manageable: in which you are able to rise to the occasion,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 五大题型 主旨题 错误选项特征： 含有原文未提及

42、的信息 将原文内容过于一般化或没有具体信息 以偏概全,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 五大题型：主旨题 错误选项特征(2006年6月) 25. The passage mainly discusses _. A. unequal treatment of boys and girls in developing countries B. the major contributions of educated women to society C. the economic and social benefits of educating women D. the potential earning

43、 power of well-educated women,C,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 五大题型：主旨题 错误选项特征(2006年6月) 25. The passage mainly discusses _. 解析： A: 第二特征，未体现中心“教育” B：第一特征，文章未提及受教育女性的具体贡献 D：第三特征，只是文章论据部分的内容,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 五大题型 语义题 题型分类： 单词短语题： 一词多义、生僻词汇 句子含义题 不能孤立判断，必须结合上下文,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 五大题型 语义题 题干形式： What do mean by saying “”? By say

44、ing “”, means “”. By saying “”, wants to convey the message that ,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 五大题型 语义题 题干形式： The “” refers to Traditionally, a person is considered “”, if he According to the author, the true meaning of “” is for people ,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 五大题型 主旨题 正确选项特征： 1)如果考查句意，正确选项往往语气不肯定或意义解释深刻。,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 五大题

45、型：主旨题 大纲样题： 65. What do the environmentalishts mean by saying “Not so fast”? A. Dont be too optimistic. B. Dont expect fast returns. C. The oil drilling should be delayed. D. Oil exploitation takes a long time.,B,A,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 五大题型 主旨题 正确选项特征： 2)如果考查熟词解义，与上下文意义一致的解释往往是正确答案。,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 五大题型：主旨题

46、E.g. (2006年12月)： The field of medicine has not traditionally distinguished between someone who is merely “not ill” and someone who is in excellent health and pays attention to the bodys special needs. Both types have simply been called “well.”,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 五大题型：主旨题 E.g. (2006年12月) 64. Traditionally

47、, a person is considered “well” if he _. A. does not have any unhealthy living habits B. doesnt have any physical handicaps C. is able to handle his daily routines D. is free from any kind of disease,D,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 五大题型：主旨题 E.g. (2006年12月) 解析： 传统医学把not ill和excellent health两种状态都称为well 传统医学认为的well就是远

48、离疾病,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 五大题型 主旨题 正确选项特征： 3)正确选项往往同义替换所考词汇或句子。,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 五大题型：主旨题 E.g. (2006年12月)： As diners thirst for leading brands, bottlers and restauranteurs salivate (垂涎) over the profits. A restaurants typical mark-up on wine is 100 to 150 percent, whereas on bottled water its often 300 to 500

49、percent. But since water is much cheaper than wine, and many of the fancier brands arent available in stores, most diners dont notice or care.,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 五大题型：主旨题 E.g. (2006年12月) 59. The “fancier brands” (Line 4) refers to _. A. tap water from the Thames River B. famous wines not sold in ordinary

50、 stores C. PepsiCos Aquafina and Coca-Colas Dasani D. expensive bottled water with impressive names,D,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 五大题型：主旨题 E.g. (2006年12月) 解析： expressive同义替换题干中的fancier something with impressive names同义替换题干的brands,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 五大题型 主旨题 错误选项特征： 1)对句子的解释太宽或太窄。,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 五大题型：主旨题 E.g. (2006年12月)

51、： 55. By saying “My dog could tell the difference between bottled and tap water”, von Wiesenberger wants to convey the message that _. A. plain tap water is certainly unfit for drinking B. bottled water is clearly superior to tap water C. bottled water often appeals more to dogs taste D. dogs can us

52、ually detect a fine difference in taste,B,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 五大题型：主旨题 E.g. (2006年12月) 解析： A: 解释太宽 C、D：解释太窄,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 五大题型 主旨题 错误选项特征： 2)与该词含义无关或相反，或含有被考查词汇的常规含义。,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 五大题型：主旨题 E.g. (2006年12月)： 65. According to the author, the true meaning of “wellness” is for people _. A. to best satisfy the

53、ir bodys special needs B. to strive to maintain the best possible health C. to meet the strictest standards of bodily health D. to keep a proper balance between work and leisure,B,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 五大题型：主旨题 E.g. (2006年12月) 解析： A、D：与wellness无关,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 五大题型 观点题 题型分类： 作者观点题 作者态度题,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 五大题型 观

54、点题 题干形式： What is the authors attitude toward The authors attitude towardcould be described as Its the authors view that ,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 五大题型 观点题 题干形式： Which of the following statements best expresses the authors view? The author hopes to have the current situation on improved by,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 五大题型 观点

55、题 解题技巧： 1）作者观点常用personally, I think/hold, in my opinion/view, it is my view that等词引出，尤其是观点句中的must, should, ought to,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 五大题型 观点题 解题技巧： 2）与作者相反的观点常用suppose, claimed/ranked/considered/perceivee as 引出；直接或间接引语一般不是作者观点，而是引用的观点。,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 五大题型 观点题 解题技巧： 3）议论文的中心句暗示作者观点； 说明文较客观，作者往往中立； 描述性文章中

56、，作者观点一般比较间接，但带有倾向性。,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 五大题型 观点题 正确选项特征： 1）议论文中，意义深刻、富有哲理、符合一般规律的选项一般是正确选项。,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 五大题型：观点题 (大纲样题) 57. Which of the following statements best expresses the authors view? A. The words people use can influence their behavior. B. Unpleasant words in sports are often used by foreign ath

57、letes. C. Aggressive behavior in sports can have serious consequences. D. Unfair judgments by referees will lead to violence on the sports field.,A,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 五大题型：观点题 (大纲样题) 解析： B、C、D：较具体 A: 含义最深刻、富有哲理、符合一般规律,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 五大题型 观点题 正确选项特征： 2）正确选项的态度常常与文章中的褒贬态度保持一致。,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 五大题型：观点题 (大纲样题)

58、In the heat of battle, players have been observed to throw themselves across the court without considering the consequences that such a move might have on anyone in their way. I have also witnessed a player reacting to his opponents intentional and illegal blocking by deliberately hitting him with t

59、he ball as hard as he could during the course of play. Off the court, they are good friends. Does that make any sense? It certainly gives proof of a court attitude which departs from normal behavior.,高分攻略,二、篇章阅读理解 五大题型：观点题 (大纲样题) 61. The author hopes to have the current situation on sports improved by _. A. regulating the relationship between players and referees B. calling on players to use clean language in the court C. ra