2019届高考英语(译林版)一轮复习练习：选修7 4 Unit 4知能演练轻松闯关 Word版含解析

1、课时练1阅读理解提速练 阅读理解ASeven years ago，back in 2010，some reports covered a story that the worlds longest railway tunnel was under construction in Switzerland.At that point it had already been under construction for over a decade.It had been voted to be built nearly a quarter of a century ago！The idea to b

2、uild it could date back to nearly 70 years agoabout as old as some of your grandparents!Yesterday，it was finally ready!Its about 35 miles long and runs 7，500 feet beneath the Swiss Alps，a famous mountain range in Switzerland.It even runs under an old tunnel that was there before.It took a total of 1

3、7 years to build at a cost of$12 billion！28 million tons of rock were dug.Two million truckloads of earth were removed!The tunnel connects northern and southern Europe.The opening of this tunnel was such a big deal that the Germanys leader，Chancellor Angela Merkel，Frances president，Francois Hollande

4、，and Italys prime minister，Matteo Renzi，were all there to celebrate，as was Austrias chancellor Christian Kern.Its called the Gotthard Base Tunnel.Eventually，325 freight and passenger trains will go through the tunnel，relieving a lot of traffic on the roadways there and making it a more environmental

5、ly friendly option.The Gotthard Base Tunnel is a wonder of engineering and makes us want to visit it!【解题导语】本文介绍了戈特哈德隧道的建成及其相关情况和由此带来的意义。1When did people first have the idea of building the tunnel?AAbout 70 years ago.BHalf a century ago.CTwentyfive years ago.DSeven years ago.A解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的最后一句可知，大

6、约70年前人们第一次有建造该隧道的想法。故选A项。2What can we learn about the tunnel?AIt used to be an old tunnel.BIt has just been completed.CIt connects all European countries.DIt runs over a range of mountains.B解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“Yesterday，it was finally ready！”可知，该隧道刚刚竣工。故选B项。3What may be the purpose of building the tunnel

7、?ATo improve traffic.BTo increase employment.CTo attract donation.DTo stop pollution.A解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“relieving a lot of traffic on the roadways there and making it a more environmentally friendly option”可知，该铁路隧道修建的目的是缓解交通压力。故选A项。4What can be inferred about the tunnel?AIt will cause conflicts among

8、 countries.BIt will be of little benefit to the locals.CIt may do damage to the environment.DIt may become a tourist attraction.D解析：推理判断题。根据最后一句中的“makes us want to visit it”可推知，该铁路隧道可能会成为一个旅游胜地。故选D项。B(2018吉林长春普通高中高三质量监测)One of the biggest social issues in Japan is the increasingly low marriage rates

9、 among young people and the low birth rates, which lead to an aging and eventually shrinking(萎缩) population.Most young Japanese women simply dont seem interested in having many children. Now what began in Japan is happening globally.As David Brooks wrote, birth rates are becoming lower in much of th

10、e world, from Iran1.7 births per womanto Russian, where low birth rates connected with high death rates mean the population is already shrinking. And this includes the US, which has long had higher birth rates than most developed nations. Aging countries will face the burden of caring for large elde

11、rly populations without a larger resource of young workers.Its true that global aging is going to present some major challenges.Who will take care of the elderly? Will an older world be less active and slower to change and adapt? Its all true.Sometimes I worry about a coming generational war over re

12、sources, just as I worry about how I will take care of my own parents in their old age, just as I worry about who might take care of me.But heres the thing: an older world may have less pressure on the environment. As we all know, the environment is the real victim of overpopulation.So maybe a world

13、 that grows slower and grows older will put less pressure on the environment, and buy us a few more years to ensure our energy use, along with our birth rates, reaches a sustainable(可持续的) level. After all, were supposed to get smarter as we get older. Hopefully that holds true for the planet as well

14、.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了全球老龄化带来的挑战，也指出了老龄化社会有利的方面。5The population issue in Japan is mentioned to _Ashow young peoples preference for marriageBintroduce the topic of global birth rates becoming lowerCindicate the deeper cause of Japans depressionDemphasize the revolution of Japanese womenB解析：细节理解题。文章开头提

15、及日本人口出生率低是为了引出全球人口出生率低、老龄化问题。第二段的第一句“Now what began in Japan is happening globally.”也是提示。故选B。6Which will be caused by low birth rates according to the passage?AAging society.BEnvironmental problems.CHigh death rates.DLow employment rates.A解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“One of the biggest social issues in Japan is

16、.and the low birth rates, which lead to an aging and eventually shrinking(萎缩) population.”可知，人口出生率低会导致老龄化社会。故选A。7Whats the authors attitude to the worldwide birth rates becoming lower?AAnxious.BDisappointed.CHopeful.DDoubtful.C解析：观点态度题。根据文章的最后两段可知，老龄化社会也有有利的方面，如减少环境压力、保障能源供应等。故选C。8Which of the follo

17、wing statements is TRUE according to David Brooks?AThe birth rates all over the world are becoming lower.BThe most developed countries have higher death rates.CAmerica is the only developed country with higher birth rates.DBirth rates becoming lower means a great risk to aging countries.D解析：细节理解题。根据

18、前三段可知，低出生率会导致社会老龄化，而老龄化国家会面临许多老人需要被照顾、年轻劳动力缺乏的巨大挑战。故选D。C(2018福建泉州检测)We know a lot about the advantages and disadvantages of reading a hardcopy book vs. reading electronically. The problem is, many of us refuse to listen.Dont get me wrong: Digital reading has some real advantages. Ask people what the

19、y like most about reading on digital screens, and you hear over and over again about convenience. More points for digital reading：ebooks tend to be cheaper. Theres also the environmental argument. Think of the trees!Yet the soundness of this case is arguable. The earth metals to build ereaders are n

20、ot just rare but highly poisonous. And think about all that energy needed to run servers and cooling fans. And remember, trees are a renewable resource.Then, theres the appeal of a hard copy. Many people prefer print when reading both for pleasure and for school or work. Drawing examples from my own

21、 research, some of the reasons are aesthetic(美学的). Others involve a sense of accomplishment, ease of annotation(“I can write on the pages”), and navigation(“easy to locate where I was”). Meanwhile, I hear abundant complaints about eye strain(眼疲劳) and headaches when using screens.Much of what student

22、s liked about reading print involved their minds. They say “its easier to focus”. Some also acknowledged they took more time with printed text and read more carefully.But what makes the failure of electronic reading is concentration. More than 92% of those I surveyed said they concentrated best when

23、 reading a hard copy. When a digital device has an Internet connection, its hard to resist the temptation(诱惑)So if digital interruptions dont threaten your enjoyment or understanding of a text, then medium may not matter. Casual reading like David Baldacci? If you break to check sports scores, there

24、 will be little harm done. But just dont expect to understand Joyces novels this way.【解题导语】文章主要介绍了在网络高度发达的社会中，电子书愈来愈有替代纸质书的趋势，然而作者通过对比两者的优缺点表达了对纸质书的青睐。9What is an advantage of reading a hardcopy book?AIt is cheaper.BIt is easier to carry around.CIt helps people think deeper.DIt provides instant info

25、rmation.C解析：细节理解题。根据文章第五段可知，读纸质书能让人更专注、更认真，因此思考更深入。故选C项。10Whats the biggest problem of reading digitally?AEnvironmental concern.BPhysical discomfort.CLack of concentration.DInternet connection.C解析：细节理解题。根据文章第六段中的第一句“But what makes the failure of electronic reading is concentration.”可知，电子书阅读的最大问题是缺乏专

26、注。故选C项。11Whats the authors attitude toward ereading?ASupportive.BDisapproving.COptimistic.DUnconcerned.B解析：推理判断题。根据文章第三至六段尤其是最后一段可知，作者认为，如果电子阅读不会影响你阅读的愉悦感和对文本的理解，那么无可厚非。但是读类似乔伊斯的作品时就不是合适的选择了。由此可推测，作者对电子阅读持不赞成的态度。故选B项。12How is the passage mainly developed?ABy analyzing possible reasons.BBy providing

27、typical examples.CBy listing practical suggestions.DBy presenting direct comparisons.D解析：推理判断题。文章的第二段主要讲了电子书的好处，第三段讲了电子书的缺点，第四、五段主要讲了纸质书的益处，第六段讲了电子书的缺点。因此整个文章是通过比较来写作的。故选D项。DKung Hei Fat Choy means Happy New Year! Welcome to our Chinese New Year/Lunar New Year pages! Weve got a huge collection of fu

28、n activities for you to explore and enjoy with your kids, both at home or in the classroom.You can learn about the current yearYear of the Roosteror just enjoy our general Chinese New Year content (including original colouring pages, crafts, puzzles, worksheets, printables of all sorts).but be warne

29、d, theres probably enough here to last you until next Chinese New Year!Nine Asian countries celebrate the Lunar New Year with public holidays and variations on the activities you will find described below.About 1/5 of the worlds population will be enjoying the festival, and New Years Eve is the worl

30、ds biggest annual migration, with over 200 million people making every effort to get home for a big celebratory dinner with their extended families.On 16th February 2018 we welcome in a new Chinese New Year, the Year of the Dog！For lots of new colouring pages, puzzles, worksheets and other printable

31、s, click here: Year of the Dog.Lots NEW!【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一个网页上关于中国新年的内容。13Where will this writing be found?AOn TV. BIn a newspaper. CIn a booklet. DOn the Internet.D解析：文章出处题。根据文章第一段第二句和文章最后一句可推知，文章应该是出自网站上的一个网页。故选D。14Who is the writing intended for?AWeb page designers. BSchool teachers.CFolkcusto

32、m researchers. DStudents in the first grade.B解析：推理判断题。根据第一段第三句可推知，这篇文章应是写给学校老师或学生父母的。故选B。15Which of the following causes the worlds biggest annual migration?ANine Asian countries celebrate the Lunar New Year.BPeople celebrate Chinese Lunar New Year with public holidays.COver 200 million people try h

33、ard to get home for a feast with their extended families.DTwenty percent of the worlds population will he enjoying the festival.C解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，造成每年最大迁移的原因是有超过两亿的人尽一切努力赶回家参加他们大家庭的盛大晚宴。故选C。 七选五(2018江西省重点中学联考)A good laugh is like a mild workout.It exercises the muscles, gets the blood flowing, d

34、ecreases blood pressure and improves sleep patterns and the immune system.1._Dont take life too seriously.We all have obstacles in life and we all make mistakes.2._ In fact, if you can laugh lightheartedly at your own fault, youll find that you give yourself that extra happiness and confidence incre

35、ase that can get you over any obstacle.Find the humor in a bad situation.Sure, there are some situations where you are really sad.3._ The next time you feel the stress levels rising, take a minute to think about the funny side of the situation and laugh over the things you cannot control.This will l

36、ower your blood pressure, blood sugar levels and heart rate.Remind yourself of funny moments from the past.Perhaps a friend told you a great joke the other day or your children or pets did something amusing.4._ Sometimes just reliving a funny moment can cause the endorphins (内啡肽), natural painkiller

37、s, to kick in.5._ As the saying goes, laughter is contagious(会传染的)So make a point of seeking out positive people who arent afraid to laugh at themselves and are good at finding humor in lifes situations.Young children are especially skilled at finding laughter and joy in everyday moments.ATake contr

38、ol over your emotions.BThere is no reason to blame yourself for it.CHowever, most situations in life have funny sides.DSurround yourself with fun people who like to laugh a lot.EThe following are some ways to enjoy more laughter and joy in your life.FStudies show that people with pets have lower lev

39、els of depression and stress.GCall on these memories frequently, especially when feeling sad, angry or stressed.【解题导语】面带微笑吧！笑能锻炼肌肉、加速血液流动、降低血压、改善睡眠模式和免疫系统。1E解析：下文列举了在生活中享受快乐和笑的方法， 故E项符合语境。2B解析：由第二段主题句以及空格前的“We all have obstacles in life and we all make mistakes.” 可知B项“没有理由为此责备你自己”符合语境。3C解析：由第三段主题句以及

40、空格前的 “Sure，there are some situations where you are really sad.”可知，C项能与上一句构成转折关系。下文的“the funny side”也是提示。4G解析：由第四段主题句以及空格前的“Perhaps a friend told you a great joke the other day or your children or pets did something amusing.”可知答案。5D解析：由第五段中的 “seeking out positive people who arent afraid to laugh at t

41、hemselves and are good at finding humor in lifes situations”可知答案。课时练2知识运用板块练 完形填空(2018青岛质量检测)Payengs treeplanting project began when he was 16, when flooding wiped away a large part of forest.Wild life were left without enough _1_， and Payeng watched _2_ creatures begin to die off from heat.Deeply _

42、3_， Payeng determined to grow trees all his life.“I _4_ the forest department and asked them if they could grow trees on the sandbar(沙洲)They said nothing would _5_ there. _6_ , they asked me to try growing bamboo.It was _7_， but I did it.Whats more, there was nobody interested to help me，” Payeng sa

43、id.Payeng started his forest by _8_ bamboo saplings (幼树) every morning and evening.He even brought red ants to the sandbar to help _9_ the soil.When his bamboo trees grew, Payeng decided to slowly _10_other species of trees into the sandbar.Through his _11_ act, Payeng changed the sandbar into a thi

44、ck, green forest that _12_ numerous birds, and wild animals.Payengs forest went largely _13_ until 2008, when a team of state officials _14_it.“We were surprised to find such a big _15_ on the sandbar，” Gunin Saikia, Assams Assistant Conservator of Forests, said.“We are _16_ at Payeng.He has been at

45、 it for 30 years.”Now, Payeng makes a _17_ with his family in the forest he planted by raising cows and selling milk, and he has his _18_ set on planting a second forest on another 1，300acre sandbar.“It may take another 30 years, but I am _19_ about it，” Payeng said _20_【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了环保人士Payen

46、g坚持种树30年，在沙洲里创造了一片令人惊叹的森林。1A.food Bwater Cshade DspaceC解析：A项意为“食物”；B项意为“水”；C项意为“阴凉处，(树)荫”；D项意为“空间”。结合上文可知，洪水冲走了一大部分森林。由下文“.creatures begin to die off from heat”可推知，野生生物没有足够的树荫。故选C。2A.dangerous Bhelpless Caimless DfierceB解析：A项意为“危险的”；B项意为“无助的”；C项意为“没有目标的”；D项意为“凶猛的”。联系上下文可知，野生生物因为没有足够的树荫而死于炎热，所以此时它们应该

47、感到很无助。故选B。3A.moved Bhurt Cattracted DsaddenedD解析：根据上文可知，森林遭到破坏，野生生物因为没有足够的树荫而感到无助。Payeng应该对此感到悲伤。D项意为“使悲伤，使难过”，符合题意。故选D。4A.informed Bblamed Cdisturbed DcontactedD解析：A项意为“通知”；B项意为“责备”；C项意为“打扰”；D项意为“联系”。根据语境可知，Payeng应该是联系林业部门，反映情况。故选D。5A.grow Blive Coccur DworkA解析：根据语境可知，林业部门认为没有什么可以在沙洲中生长。A项意为“生长”，符合

48、题意。故选A。6A.Therefore BInstead COtherwise DFortunatelyB解析：A项意为“因此”；B项意为“反而，却”；C项意为“否则”；D项意为“幸运地”。根据上文可知，林业部门认为树木无法在沙洲中生长。因此他们反而建议Payeng种植竹子。故选B。7A.pleasant Bhopeful Cmeaningful DpainfulD解析：根据语境可知，Payeng是环保人士，由此可推知，当他听到无法通过种树来改变沙洲环境时，他的感觉应该是痛苦的。D项意为“痛苦的”，符合题意。故选D。8A.watering Bcutting Ccounting Dobservi

49、ngA解析：A项意为“浇水”；B项意为“切下”；C项意为“计算”；D项意为“观察”。根据常识及语境可知，Payeng通过每天早晚为竹子幼苗浇水开始创造森林。故选A。9A.change Bdestroy Cadd DimproveD解析：根据上文Payeng将红蚁带到沙洲中可知，他希望就此改良土壤。D项意为“改善，提高”，符合题意。故选D。10A.throw Bintroduce Cput DsendB解析：根据语境可知，竹子开始生长之后，Payeng决定引入一些其他的树种。o为固定用法，意为“将引进，加入”。故选B。11A.unique Bridiculous Cst

50、range DstubbornA解析：A项意为“独特的，唯一的”；B项意为“荒谬的”；C项意为“奇怪的”；D项意为“固执的”。根据上文可知，Payeng通过种植竹子来创造森林，因此他的方法是独特的。故选A。12A.bears Bincludes Cshelters DhidesC解析：A项意为“忍受”；B项意为“包括”；C项意为“给提供遮蔽”；D项意为“隐藏”。根据下文中“numerous birds，and wild animals”可知，绿色的森林可以为小鸟和野生动物提供遮蔽处。故选C。13A.unaccepted Bunnoticed Cdiscovered DdisapprovedB解

51、析：A项意为“不被接受的”；B项意为“未被注意的”；C项意为“发现”；D项意为“不支持”。根据上下文可知，Payeng的森林直到2008年才被注意到。not.until为固定短语，意为“直到才”。故选B。14A.studied Bresearched Ccame from Dcame acrossD解析：根据语境可知，Payeng的森林一直未被注意到，直到一些官员偶然发现它。短语come across意为“偶然遇到”，符合语境。故选D。15A.forest Bhero Cbamboo DtreeA解析：根据语境可知，官员惊讶地发现沙洲里居然有这么一大片森林。故选A。16A.sorry Bdis

52、appointed Camazed DmadC解析：根据上文中的“surprised”可知，官员不只是对沙洲里的森林感到惊讶，对它的创造人也感到惊讶。be amazed at为固定短语，意为“对感到惊讶”，符合语境。故选C。17A.living Bdifference Cwonder DplanA解析：根据下文“by raising cows and selling milk”(靠养牛和卖牛奶)可知，Payeng和他的家人靠在森林里养牛和卖牛奶谋生。make a living为固定短语，意为“谋生”，符合题意。故选A。18A.company Bhome Climits DgoalsD解析：根据

53、下文“planting a second forest on another 1，300acresandbar”可知，此处应指Payeng给自己设定的目标。goal意为“目标”，符合题意。故选D。19A.anxious Boptimistic Cworried DcuriousB解析：A项意为“焦虑的”；B项意为“乐观的”；C项意为“担心的”；D项意为“好奇的”。根据上文“but”表转折可知，虽然种出另一片森林要花费他另一个三十年，但是Payeng对此持乐观态度。故选B。20A.determinedly Bhesitantly Ccalmly DloudlyA解析：根据上文可知，Payeng对

54、种出另一片森林充满信心，因此此处指Payeng坚定地说道。determinedly意为“坚定地”，符合题意。故选A。 语法填空(2018广州检测)In the West we are familiar with ballets like Swan Lake.But theres another classical dance form with a long history 1._has only recently burst onto the world scene. It is called classical Chinese dance.Classical Chinese dance i

55、s 2._incredibly demanding, refined, and expressive dance form. Alongside ballet, it is also one of the most comprehensive dance systems 3._(know) to humankind.4_recently, few people outside China had ever heard of classical Chinese dance. One major reason was that when Chinese companies performed abroad, they often mixed Chinese dance with western dance styles. And so the audience left the theater not sure exactly 5