chp1-1 嵌入式系统概述1

1、Chp1-1 Overview of embedded systems,Key points: 嵌入式系统的概念 Concepts of embedded system 嵌入式系统的组成 The composition of embedded system 嵌入式处理器 Embedded processor,Overview of embedded systems,Key points: 嵌入式操作系统 Embedded operating system 嵌入式系统的应用 Application of embedded system 嵌入式系统的发展趋势 Development trend o

2、f embedded system,Overview of embedded systems,Key points: 嵌入式系统的概念 Concepts of embedded system 嵌入式系统的组成 The composition of embedded system 嵌入式处理器 Embedded processor,Concepts of embedded system,What is embedded system? Examples: Mobile phone, Digital camera, Car GPS navigator Definition of embedded

3、system : 以应用为中心，以计算机技术为基础，软硬件可剪裁，能满足应用系统对功能、可靠性、成本、体积、功耗等方面有严格要求的专用计算机系统。,Concepts of embedded system,Definition of embedded system : The Special purpose computer system which are centered in application, based on computer technology, and their software and hardware can be cut out , they can meet th

4、e strict requirements of the application system for function, reliability, cost, volume, and power.,Characteristics of embedded system : 与通用的计算机系统相比较,有如下特点: Compared with the general computer system, it has the following characteristics: 1）面向特定应用,一般都有实时要求; For specific applications, there are genera

5、lly real-time requirements. Most embedded processors are specially designed for specific applications. They have the characteristics of low power consumption, small size and high integration. They are generally on-chip systems with various peripheral device interfaces.,2）是集先进的计算机技术、半导体工艺、电子技术和通信网络技术

6、于一体,并且在不断创新的知识集成系统。 Its a constantly innovating knowledge integration system which integrates advanced computer technology, semiconductor technology, electronic technology and communication network technology. 3）嵌入式系统是和具体应用对象有机地结合在一起,因而其升级换代也是和具体的产品同步进行的。 Embedded system is organically integrated wi

7、th the specific application object, so its upgrade and replacement is also synchronized with the specific products.,4）嵌入式系统的硬件和软件都必须具备高度可定制性，只有这样才能适应嵌入式系统应用的需要，在产品价格、性能等方面具备竞争力。 The hardware and software of embedded system must be highly customizable. Only in this way can it meet the needs of embedd

8、ed system application and be competitive in product price and performance. 5）嵌入式系统不具备本地系统开发能力，通常需要有一套专门的开发工具和环境。 Embedded systems do not have the ability to develop local systems, and usually need a set of special development tools and environments.,Overview of embedded systems,Key points: 嵌入式系统的概念

9、Concepts of embedded system 嵌入式系统的组成 The composition of embedded system 嵌入式处理器 Embedded processor,The composition of embedded system,Embedded system is usually composed of embedded processor, embedded peripherals, embedded operating system and embedded application software.,The composition of embedd

10、ed system,2.嵌入式外围设备(Embedded peripherals),Auxiliary functions(辅助功能) : Storage, communication, protection, debugging and display,Memory：RAM 、SRAM 、DRAM 、ROM 、EPROM EEPROM 、FLASH,I/O Interface：RS-232 、IRDA（红外线数据输入输出） SPI（串行外设接口）、I2C（现场总线）、 USB 、Ethernet 、EPP。,Input and Output Equipments ：Keyboard、CRT

11、、LCD Touch screen,Overview of embedded systems,Key points: 嵌入式系统的概念 Concepts of embedded system 嵌入式系统的组成 The composition of embedded system 嵌入式处理器 Embedded processor,嵌入式处理器(Embedded processor) *核心部件 ( Key units ),嵌入式微控制器(Embeded Microcontroller UnitEMCU） Similar to Singlechip(单片机) 51，AVR,嵌入式微处理器(Emb

12、eded Microprocessor UnitEMPU) MIPS, ARM, POWERPC,嵌入式DSP处理器(EDSP) Used to do high-speed data processing (FIR, FFT, image/speech processing ) TI:TMS320 Motorola:DSP5600,嵌入式片上系统(System On ChipSOC),嵌入式处理器(Embedded processor),Selection: Select dedicated integrated processors CPU integrating many peripher

13、als Example: Motorola 68360 interating communication system Select low power processors Handheld device Select high-performance process PowerPC DSP,Overview of embedded systems,Key points: 嵌入式操作系统 Embedded operating system 嵌入式系统的应用 Application of embedded system 嵌入式系统的发展趋势 Development trend of embed

14、ded system,Function: Memory allocation Interruption processing Task scheduling,Embedded operating system The core of embedded system,Classification: Real time: Control, Communication, Medical VxWorks, C/OS , C/OS-, QNX Non real time: Consumer electronics Embedded Linux, Windows CE,RTOS (Real time Op

15、erating System) Difference between RTOS and general OS: Real time: Fast response speed: us Execution time is determined and predictable. Small size code 10100KB Application program development is difficult Dedicated development tools: Simulator, Compiler, Debugger ,RTOS (Real time Operating System)

16、Composition of RTOS : Real time kernel, File system, Network components GUI(Graphical User Interface),RTOS (Real time Operating System) Composition of RTOS : Real time kernel (Multitask) : Task/timer/memory/interrupt management Communication and synchronization between tasks Execution time is determ

17、ined and predictable. File system Can be cut down Network components Implementing protocols(协议) of link layer, network layer and transport layer GUI (Graphical User Interface, 图形用户接口),RTOS (Real time Operating System) Characteristics of RTOS : Support synchronization(同步) synchronization between proc

18、esses(进程) coordinate shared data(协调共享数据) Priority(优先权) mechanism for interrupt and scheduling tasks Support preemptive scheduling(抢占式调度) Determined task switching and interrupt delay time Important! Support for asynchronous event(异步事件) response Response to external events(外部事件) within specified time

19、,Embedded operating system Commonly used: Windows CE Linux 变体版本: RTLinux(Realtime), CLinux(no MMU) C/OS & C/OS-: real time VxWorks（WINDRIVER）: real time The industry standard of embedded software Excellent, but expensive. Palm OS（3Com） Palmtop computer PDA,QNX : real time Microkernel（微内核，12KB） pSOS（

20、ISI） : real time One of the earliest real-time operating systems Modularized (模块化的), Extensible (可扩展的) Delta OS (电子科大、北京科银公司联合开发，全中文的OS ) Include: DeltaCORE, DeltaNET, DeltaFILE, DeltaGUI Development Kit (开发套件)：LamdaTOOL Successfully applied in communication, network, information appliances and other fields,Embedded operating system Some new operating systems : Android MontaVista,Overview of embedded systems,Key points: 嵌入式操作系统 Embedded operating system 嵌入式系统的应用 Application of em