莎士比亚十四行诗翻译和解读

1、Sonnet 181. Shall I compare thee to a summers day? Could I compare you to the time/days of summer?2. Thou art more lovely and more temperate: You are more lovely and more gentle and mild than the days.3. Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, The wild wind shakes the favorite flowers of May.4

2、. And summers lease hath all too short a date And the duration of summer has a limited period of time.5. Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, Sometimes the sun shinning is too hot.6. And often is his gold complexion dimmed, And his gold skin of the face will be dimmed by the clouds.7. And ever

3、y fair from fair sometime declines, Every beautiful thing and person will decline from previous state of beauty.8. By chance, or natures changing course untrimmed: (the beauty) will be stripped of by chance or changes of season in the nature.9. But thy eternal summer shall not fade, But your summer

4、exists forever and will not lose color/freshness or vigor.10. Nor lose possession of that fair thou owst, You will never lose your own beauty either.11. Nor shall death brag thou wanderst in his shade, The Death cant boast that you wander in his shadow.12. When in eternal lines to time thou growst,

5、You grow as time grows in the undying lines of my verse.13. So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, So long as men can live in the world with sight and breath,14. So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.This poem will exist and you will live in it forever. Formal features14 lines4 stanz

6、as: 3 quatrains + 1 coupletRhythm & meter: 10 syllables (5 feet) each line, iambic pentameterRhyme scheme: abab cdcd efef ggStructure:1st 2nd quatrains: an introduction to and development of a problem3rd quatrain: a volta or a turn “突转” (a change in direction, thought, or emotion) the couplet: a sum

7、mary or conclusionThe theme:The main theme is the power of the speakers poem to defy time and last forever, carrying the beauty of the beloved down to future generations.What is it about?The speaker opens the poem with a question addressed to the beloved: “Shall I compare thee to a summers day?” The

8、 next eleven lines are devoted to such a comparison. Summer: (Line 3: rough winds；4： too short；5. too hot；6. too dimmed；7&8. beautiful things will die)Sonnet18is the first poem in the sonnets not to explicitly encourage the young man to have children. The “procreation” sequence of the first17sonnets

9、 ended with the speakers realization that the young man mightnotneed children to preserve his beauty; he could also live forever in this poem.Figures of speechIn line (5 ) There is a Metaphor .In line ( 5+6 ) There is a Personification .( eye of Heaven shines ) : Eye of heaven = the sun The sun beca

10、me dark because dark of clouds .In Line (9+10+12 ) There is a Hyperbole .In Line ( 11 )There is a personification .In Line ( 14 ) There is an Inverted order .Analysis: （拓展）The poem works at a rather curious level of achieving its objective through dispraise.The summers day is found to be lacking in

11、so many respects (too short, too hot, too rough, and sometimes too dingy), but curiously enough one is left with the abiding impression that the lovely boy is in fact like a summers day at its best, fair, warm, sunny, temperate, one of the darling buds of May, and that all his beauty has been wonder

12、fully highlighted by the comparison.Sonnet 1301. My mistress eyes are nothing like the sun; My ladys eyes arent like the sun at all.2. Coral is far more red, than her lips red: Coral is much redder than her lips.3. If snow be white, why then her breasts are dun; If snow is white, then her breasts ar

13、e brown.4. If hairs be wires, black wires grow on her head. If hair is as coarse as threads, then her hair is full of black threads.5. I have seen roses damasked, red and white, I have seen the pinkish, red and white roses.6. But no such roses see I in her cheeks; But I can see such kinds of roses i

14、n her cheeks.7. And in some perfumes is there more delight There is much tempting/attractive fragrance. 8. Than in the breath that from my mistress reeks. The fragrance is more attractive than her steamy, sweaty and unsavory smells.9. I love to hear her speak, yet well I know I like listening to her

15、 speaking, but I am also aware that10. That music hath a far more pleasing sound: The sound of music is much more favorable than her sound.11. I grant I never saw a goddess go, I admit that I never saw a goddess walking by.12. My mistress, when she walks, treads on the ground: My mistress stamps on

16、the floor when she walks.13. And yet by heaven, I think my love as rare, But I can swear to God that my lover is as precious as15. As any she belied with false compare. As any woman who has been misrepresented by ridiculous comparisons.Formal features14 lines4 stanzas: 3 quatrains + 1 coupletRhythm

17、& meter: 10 syllables (5 feet) each line, iambic pentameterRhyme scheme: abab cdcd efef ggStructure:1st 2nd quatrains: an introduction to and development of a problem3rd quatrain: a volta or a turn “突转” (a change in direction, thought, or emotion) the couplet: a summary or conclusionThemeThe poet su

18、ggests their love is rare because he does not desire her to be something she is not.Its about finding love in spite of (or maybe even because of) physical flaws. It pokes fun at our obsession with looks and to show how ridiculous it is to ask any person to live up to some ideal of perfect beauty.Fig

19、ures of speechNegative similesSimile may also be expressed in the negative form “My mistress eyes are nothing like the sun”Etc.Ironic toneThe sonnet appears to be humorous, but the couplet displays the deeply romantic tone of the poem.Analysis（拓展）In many ways, Shakespeares sonnets subvert and revers

20、e the conventions of the Petrarchan love sequence: the idealizing love poems, for instance, are written not to a perfect woman but to an admittedly imperfect man, and the love poems to the dark lady are anything but idealizing, like this one. He describes the woman that he loves in extremely unflatt

21、ering terms but claims that he truly loves her, which lends credibility to his claim because even though he does not find her attractive, he still declares his love for her.Sonnet 1291. The expense of spirit in a waste of shame The expenditure of sexual energy in a desert of shameful moral decay2. I

22、s lust in action: and till action, lust Is the lust/letch acting: and before having sexual intercourse, lust3. Is perjured, murderous, bloody, full of blame, Is dishonest, murderous, violent and blameworthy with a lot of guilt.4. Savage, extreme, rude, cruel, not to trust;Barbaric, extreme, rude, cr

23、uel, and untrustworthy.5. Enjoyed no sooner but despised straight;As soon as lust has been enjoyed, it is hated.6. Past reason hunted; and no sooner had, Lust is pursued beyond the control of reason, as soon as lust is fulfilled, 7. Past reason hated, as a swallowed bait, It is hated irrationally li

24、ke a bait that a fish swallows8. On purpose laid to make the taker mad. (The bait) set on purpose to make the trapped creature react with frenzy.9. Mad in pursuit and in possession so;10. Had, having, and in quest to have extreme;The taker is insane in pursuing ones lust and mad in possessing the ob

25、ject of lust: going to extremes in having had it, in the having of it, and in seeking to have it;11. A bliss in proof, and proved, a very woe;A heavenly sensation while it is being experienced.Once you are done, it is a true sorrow.12. Before, a joy proposed; behind a dream.An expected joy exists be

26、fore having it; after having it, it seems like a dream.13. All this the world well knows; yet none knows wellEveryone in the world knows it very well, but no one knows14. To shun the heaven that leads men to this hell.To avoid the tempting sense of delight which leads men to hell.Formal features14 l

27、ines4 stanzas: 3 quatrains + 1 coupletRhythm & meter: 10 syllables (5 feet) each line, iambic pentameterRhyme scheme: abab cdcd efef ggStructure:1st 2nd quatrains: an introduction to and development of a problem3rd quatrain: a volta or a turn “突转” (a change in direction, thought, or emotion) the couplet: a summary or conclusionTheme About lust. Lines 1-2: lust in action (shameful and wasteful.) Lines 3-4: lust before action (dishonest, mur