药理学常考词汇中英文对照

1、Drug 药物Pharmacology 药理学Pharmacodynamics 药效学Pharmacokinetics 药动学Simple diffusion 简单扩散Ion trapping 离子障Absorption 吸收First pass elimination 首过消除Distribution 分布Blood-brain barrier 血脑屏障Metabolism 代谢Hepatic drug enzyme 肝药酶Enzyme inducing agent 酶诱导剂Enzyme inhibitory agent 酶抑制剂Excretion 排泄Enterohepatic circu

2、lation 肠肝循环Compartment model 房室模型First order elimination kinetics 一级动力学消除 Zero order elimination kinetics 零级动力学消除Area under curve 曲线下面积Steady-state concentration 稳态浓度Loading dose 负荷剂量Maintenance dose 维持量Half-life 半衰期Clearance 清除率Volume of distribution 表观分布容积Bioavailability 生物利用度Drug action 药物作用Pharm

3、acological effect 药理效应Excitation 兴奋Inhibition 抑制Selectivity 选择性Therapeutic effect 治疗效果Etiological treatment 对因治疗Symptomatic treatment 对症治疗Supplementary therapy 补充治疗Adverse drug reaction 不良反应Side reaction 副作用Toxic reaction 毒性反应Residual reaction 后遗效应Withdrawal reaction 停药反应Allergic reaction 过敏反应Idiosy

4、ncrasy reaction 特异质反应Secondary reaction 继发反应Dependence 依赖性Dose-effect relationship 量效关系Graded response 量反应Quantal response 质反应Efficacy 效能Potency 效价强度Individual variability 个体差异Median effective dose, ED50半数有效量Median lethal dose, LD50半数致死量Margin of safety安全范围Therapeutic index (TI) 治疗指数Receptor 受体Ligan

5、d 配体Agonist 激动剂Full agonist 完全激动剂Partial agonist 部分激动剂Antagonist 拮抗剂Competitive antagonist 竞争性拮抗剂Noncompetitive antagonist 非竞争性拮抗剂Occupation theory 占领学说Intrinsic activity 内在活性Affinity 亲和力Spare receptor 储备受体Silent receptor 沉默受体Down regulation 受体下调Up regulation 受体上调Incompatibility 配伍禁忌Synergism 协同作用An

6、tagonism 拮抗作用Placebo 安慰剂Tolerance 耐受性drug resistance 抗药性pilocarpine 毛果云香硷neostigmine 新斯的明atropine 阿托品anisodamine 山莨菪碱scopolamine 东莨菪碱noradrenaline 去甲肾上腺素adrnaline 肾上腺素dopamine 多巴胺isoproterenol 异丙肾上腺素phentolamine 酚妥拉明diazepam 地西泮phenytoin sodium 苯妥英钠L-dopa 左旋多巴Chlorpromazine 氯丙嗪Morphine 吗啡pathidine，d

7、olantin 哌替啶，杜冷丁aspirin 阿司匹林quinidine 奎尼丁procainamide 普鲁卡应胺lidocaine 利多卡因propranolol 普萘洛尔amiodarone 胺碘酮verapamil 维拉帕米captopril 卡托普利losartan 氯沙坦hydrochloroththiazide 氢氯噻嗪nifedipine 硝苯地平clonidine 可乐定sodium nitroprusside 硝普钠prazosin 哌唑嗪mecamylamine 美加明glucocorticoids 糖皮质激素cardiac glycoside 强心苷digoxin 地高辛insulin 胰岛素chemotherapy 化疗antibacterial spectrum 抗菌谱antibacterial agents 抗菌药物antibiotics 抗生素superinfections