给排水工程专业饮用水水质问题及对策大学毕业论文外文文献翻译及原文

1、毕毕 业业 设设 计（论文）计（论文） 外外 文文 文文 献献 翻翻 译译 文献、资料中文题目：饮用水水质问题及对策文献、资料中文题目：饮用水水质问题及对策 文献、资料英文题目：文献、资料英文题目： 文献、资料来源：文献、资料来源： 文献、资料发表（出版）日期：文献、资料发表（出版）日期： 院院 （部）（部） ： 专专业：业：给水排水工程给水排水工程 班班级：级： 姓姓名：名： 学学号：号： 指导教师：指导教师： 翻译日期：翻译日期： 2017.02.14 2017.02.14 毕业设计外文文献翻译 学生姓名：学生姓名：学学 号：号： 所在学院：所在学院： 专专业：业：给水排水工程 论文题目：

2、论文题目：Drinking Water Problems and Solutions Abstract 指导教师：指导教师： 2007 年 6 月 15 日 Drinking Water Problems and Solutions AbstractDrinking Water Problems and Solutions Abstract 1 Introduction1 Introduction： Chlorination oxidation Introduction nearly half a cecentury, the world economy has been developing

3、 rapidly, modernization of industries, in particular synthetic chemical is used. These chemicals through most of human activities into a body of water, such as sewage and industrial wastewater discharges Agricultural use of fertilizers, pesticides wastage so that the water body accepted the physical

4、 and chemical traits a significant change 1. Early 1980s found that more than 2,000 water organisms, water is more than 700, Among them, 20 kinds of carcinogens, suspected carcinogens 23 species, 18 species of croton oil, and 56 kinds of mutagens 2. Now the world has attached great importance to tra

5、ce organics pollution and human health. Currently many of the worlds developing countries for drinking water purification methods, basically conventional coagulation sedimentation sand filter chlorine disinfection process. This process for clarifying water to eliminate pathogens in water is very eff

6、ective. After generally considered the conventional process, filter water after E. coli bacteria and infectious diseases such as HIV have access to basic removal. But with the water pollution, the intensification of a wide variety of organic matter into a body of water formed real solution, the conv

7、entional process is almost powerless. Chinas GB5749-85 standard of drinking water 3 Water detected a total of 35 projects. EC Directive provides drinking water were 66, the World Health drinking water regulations is 47. Compared with China, mainly to the increase in the trace organics project. Organ

8、ic pollution of the drinking water situation, we must find new approaches. 2 Commonly used method of disinfection of water2 Commonly used method of disinfection of water treatmenttreatment Itis low cost, simple equipment, operation and management easy. But with the water chlorination of organic reac

9、tion occurred replace skull organic compounds, the so-called three to material, right, poses a potential human health hazards. 1970s, the Netherlands and the United States found that treatment workers, chlorination, drinking water produced trihalomethanes (TCM) compounds, mainly chloroform, dichloro

10、acetic acid, chlorine and bromine between the intermediate product. After the chlorination of drinking water has not only generated three skull methane, but also generate other skull Organics (TCO), concentration of TCM general concentration of 5 10%, which on human health have the same adverse effe

11、cts 4. TCM TCO and the main precursor of the three major categories : wreckage from the plant as a result of humic acid and fulvic acid degradation products, such as resorcinol, homovanillic acid and fulvic acid degradation products; algae from the pyrimidine amino acid, tryptophan, proline, uracil,

12、 protein; industrial wastewater of certain compounds, such as phenols. Use chlorine to disinfect TCM TCO and the emergence of awareness of the existence of the hidden danger. Thus, non-chlorine disinfection technology research to develop rapidly. 3 measures3 measuresandand thethe developmentdevelopm

13、ent trendtrend 55 toto solvesolve the drinking water problem of pollutionthe drinking water problem of pollution there are two ways : protection of drinking water sources; strengthen water treatment processes. Generally speaking, the quality of our water environment is also hard to improve short per

14、iod of time. To the increasing demands for drinking water, water pollution from access to quality drinking water, alternative method is to strengthen the water treatment process that uses advanced deep water treatment technology. Is briefly described below 4 Conclusion4 Conclusion Closingabove the n

15、ew water treatment technology now have their own shortcomings, to be further explored and examined. If UV-ozone and UV-CO2 is the most promising of the two photochemical oxidation, desire of the family or group users of drinking water depth and special treatment of organic wastewater treatment play

16、an important role. UV-O3 combined technique has been USEPA (EPA) to address the identification of multiple chlorobenzene the most effective technology. But the process in the current obstacles to the use of CO2 is separated from the water, choose a suitable carrier and fixed method, preparation or o

17、ther forms of photo-catalyst, and research and development of photochemical oxidation and water needs to deal with the combination of UV light or metal skull of lights, so power, wavelength suitable and convenient. Membrane operate with convenience, good effect, but easy to silting and pollution, wi

18、th its investment and operating costs are too high. KMnO4 and ozone oxidation, often generate many intermediate products, and even some organic fundamental ineffective. Therefore, in recent years more and more emphasis on the treatment of workers in physical, chemical, biological purification organi

19、cally combine bold attempt, Research such as O3 - H2O2 - BAC, O3 - coagulation-activated sludge, KMnO4 - BAC O3-UV-H2O2, O3-film processing, O3-stripping and other possible joint technology, give full play to their respective means of the technical features and advantages of comprehensive management

20、, in order to achieve the best removal. 饮用水水质问题及对策饮用水水质问题及对策 1 1引引言言 近半个世纪以来，世界各国经济迅速发展，现代化工业，尤其是合成化工业 更是突飞猛进， 这些化学物质的大部分通过人类活动进入水体，如生活污水和工 业废水的排放，农业使用化肥、杀虫剂的流失等，使接纳水体的物理化学性状发 生了显著的变化1。80 年代初就发现，水中有 2 000 多种有机物，饮用水中有 700 多种， 其中有 20 种致癌物， 23 种可疑致癌物， 18 种促癌物， 56 种致突变物。 世界各国现在都十分重视微量有机化合物污染与人体健康的关系。 目前

21、世界上许多发展中国家对于饮用水的净化方法， 基本上还是采用常规的 混凝沉淀砂滤投氯消毒工艺。这种工艺对于澄清水质，消除水中病原菌是 十分有效的。 一般认为经过常规的流程，滤后水中大肠杆菌等传染病菌和病毒能 得到基本的去除。但随着水体污染的加剧， 种类繁多的有机物进入水体形成真溶 液，常规工艺几乎无能为力。我国 GB574985生活饮用水卫生标准3中水 质检测项目共 35 项， 欧共体饮用水水质指令规定共 66 项， 世界卫生饮用水水质 规定共 47 项，与我国标准相比，增加的主要为微量有机物方面的项目。对饮用 水有机污染的现状，必须寻求新的处理方法。 2 2目前常用的消毒方法目前常用的消毒方法 我国水处理普遍采用氯化工艺。它具有成本低、设备简单、运行管理方便等 优点。 但加氯可与水中有机物发生取代反应生成有机囟化物，即所谓的“三致” 物质，对人体健康构成潜在的危害。 70 年代，荷兰和美国水处理工作者发现，加氯消毒后，饮用水中产生三卤 甲烷