高考写作讲解.ppt

1、1,高 考 作 文,2,第一节 关于英语作文 1.命题特点 2.参考答案特点 3.高考评分标准 4.高考阅卷特点,3,一、命题特点,1.所选题材及体裁都非常贴近考生生活， 实际具有时代特点，紧扣与学生相关的 社会热点及学生的生活与学习。 2.词数要求100左右，既要求表 达事实信息，又要陈述个人观点，对考生思维和表达能力的要求提高了。 3.开头或/和结尾都已经给出，主要考查考生的表达能力。,4,二、参考答案特点,1. 词数都符合试题要求。 2. 都覆盖了所有要点，并进行了分段表达，基本上是3段； 3.所用句型以简单句为主，但是使用了一定量的高级词汇，大量的短语和句型，丰富的句式结构增强了表达的

2、效果。 4.都有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。,5,三、高考评分标准,第五档（21-25） ： 完全完成试题规定的任务，完全达到了预期的写作目的，覆盖所有的内容要点，用了丰富的语法结构，语法与高级词汇有少些错误，全篇流畅，连词使用较好。,第四档（16-20） ： 完全完成试题规定的任务，达到了预期的写作目的，写漏了一两个要点，语法和词汇基本正确，有少些错误，主要是想使用高级词汇与复杂句子所致。,6,第二档 （6-10） ： 未适当完成试题规定的任务，有要点，但表达不清晰，只有一些句子可读。,第一档 （1-5） ：未完成试题规定的任务，只是一些字词的堆积，不成句，让读者根本不明白写

3、什么。,0分：空白，或者抄写一些无关的东西。,第三档（11-15） ： 大错（时态、句子结构等）超过五六处，不能及格，写漏了一些内容，但覆盖了主要要点，基本上让人能够看懂，基本达到了预期目的。,7,四、高考阅卷特点 1. 阅卷时间短； 2.阅卷的速度快； 3.阅卷老师的心理状态：给分中庸平均分 12 4. 高考卷其余部分是标准化计分 书面表达是提高分数最大的潜力股,8,15分的作文中规中矩，该对的都对，包括内容要点的完整，语法与词形的正确，但句式简单，没有多少亮点。而20多分的作文句型词汇方面就做了很好的包装，它的句子如人穿的衣服，它已经不是普通校服，而是李宁、耐克等名牌，所以让人觉得很“拽”

4、，而高考英语写作要的就是这种很“拽”的感觉.,小 结,15分和20多分的作文到底差在哪里？,9,第二节：阅卷老师的五大敏感点,1、卷面 2、过渡过渡词 3、分段 4. 句子（词汇、句式） 5、内容“内容定档，语言定分”,10,一、卷 面,1、书写： 唯一要求：clean second，. 2、For one thing,. For another,. 3、On the one hand,. On the other hand,.,15,过 渡 词,1) 解释过渡词 in addition, for, in this case, furthermore, in fact 2）时间过渡词 in t

5、he meantime 3)强调过渡词 certainly, indeed, above all, surely, most important 4) 用以举例的过渡词 for example, for instance, thus, such, next,16,5) 表示限制的过渡词 but, however, although, though, yet, except for 6) 表示递进或补充的过渡词 in addition， furthermore， also， moreover， yet 7) 表达顺序的过渡词 first, second, third, afterward(s)（

6、后来）, meanwhile（几乎同时）,17,三、分 段,分段： 每种题型有其分段方法， 基本规律是：一个要点写成一个自然段 段落： 依据“TEEC法则”来写 T: Topic E: Explanation E: Example C: Conclusion,18,例 题 分 析,写一个书信的自然段，告诉对方要理解母亲。 （注意：应先写主题句，再利用“过渡词”进行段落拓展） There is no doubt that you are supposed to understand your mother. First and foremost, it is obvious that your

7、mom gave birth to you and has brought you up. Additionally, no one can deny that she loves you more than anything else in the world. Last but not least, there is no doubt that you are too young to live all by yourself.,19,四、内 容“内容定档，语言定分”,三 大 高 分 秘 诀： 1、cover all the points given； 2、expand some deta

8、ils； 3、as easy as possible.,20,五、句 子,1、词汇：地道的高级词汇和恰当的词组 2、句式：复杂、高级、多样！ 能想到的好句式有哪些？,21,第三节：句型设计三大理念 （九大绝招）,一、细节丰富 一个句子多写些内容，使句子生动、形象，这需要使用一些语法技巧对句中的名词、动词进行修饰，常见的方法是增加定语从句和状语从句。 二、避免重复 1、连续两个句子不重复使用相同单词； 2、连续两个句子不重复使用相同句式。 三、化繁为简 1、将多套主谓结构的复杂句变成一个主谓结构的简单句； 2、写作高手应尽力减少“无内容”、“无意义”的表达，如“黄金圣衣句型”等只能适当使用以增强

9、语气,22,一：如 何 在 句 中 加 细 节？,（重点3绝招） 绝招之一、抽象变具体 尽力选择表意明确的单词，并适当增添细节成分。 【例句1】 1. I go to school every day. 2. With the rising from the east, I, together with Tom and Jerry, ride to school at 6:00 every morning. 【例句2】 1. Mr Smith is a good teacher. 2. Mr Smith is a kind, patient and knowledgeable English

10、teacher.,23,绝招二、加词用于修饰名词和动词 在一些“光秃秃”的名词和动词上面加上修饰成分。 You should understand your mom. 这是一个苍白无力的句子, 我们可以利用下面总结的方法，给you、mom、understand等词加上修饰成分，将这个句子变得加“形象生动”。,24,（一）名 词 的 修 饰 手 段 1、在名词后面加上一个同位语： 如：Ray, a drop of falling sun. Me, a name I call myself. 常用的同位语技巧：将代词具体化 We-We high school students. 我们高中生. We

11、 Chinese. 我们中国人.We teenagers. 我们青少年. We Chinese young generation. 我们中国年轻的一代. You should understand your mom.加上这样的同位语： You, a teenage boy who cannot live all by yourself, should understand your mom.,25,2、 在名词前面加上一个或多个形容词： You should understand your kind, dear and hard-working mom. 3、在名词后面添加定语从句： You

12、should understand your mom who loves you most in the world. 4、在名词前面或后面加上非谓语动词作定语 Standing there, Lily looks sad.,26,例 题,例：调查寒假生活：时长约20天 the winter vacation is about twenty days long. In China, the winter vacation is about twenty days long. In China, the winter vacation in which we can do many intere

13、sting things is about twenty days long.,27,（二）动 词 的 修 饰 手 段,一、在适当的位置加上副词、时间状语、地点状语： 时间、地点通常放在：句前、句尾： 句前：Every morning, I read English. 句尾：I read English every morning. 副词常放在动词前或句尾： 1. You should deeply understand your mom. 2. I looked at him happily. 3. I dont really know him. 常用副词：surely、 certainly

14、、 extremely、 badly、 surprisingly（令人惊讶的）、 unfortunately、 amazingly（褒）、 unexpectedly(出人意料地),28,二、将几个意思接近的动词并列使用： 1. You should understand your mom. 2. You should understand, love and appreciate your mom. 3. You should understand and love your mom as well as appreciate everything she has done for you.,

15、29,绝招三、巧加“从句”,写完一个简单句子，在后面追加一个“从句“（4种）。 （一）加“原因”从句： because.， for.， considering that. 【例句】 1. It goes without saying that you should learn English well considering that it is a must in the future society. 2. You can chat more with your classmates, conside ring that we havent known you deeply.,4课时,30

16、,（二）加“结果”句型： so.； as a result，.； therefore,. consequently，.； accordingly，. 【例句】 1. You should learn English well, consequently, you can achieve great success in the future. 2. Additionally, I have lived in Seattle/Detroit for one and a half years, consequently, I do well in English communication.,31

17、,（三）加“目的”句型： ，so that.+句子； in order that.+句子; to (in order to, so as to)+ 动词原形 【例句】 1. You should understand your mom, in order that your family would be flooded with harmony and happiness. 2. You should understand your mom in order to fill your family with harmony and happiness. 3. If I were you, I

18、 would join in more activities, so as to make more close friends.,32,（四）加“程度”句型 常会用：so+形容词/副词+that+句子 【例句】 1.You are shy. You are so shy that you seldom chat with others. 2. Tom runs fast. Tom runs so fast that none of us could catch up with him. 3. The flower is beautiful. - The flower is so beauti

19、ful that we all like it.,33,二：如何避免语法结构“重复”？,绝招四：用物做主语 常用I、You、We等人称代词做主语，会使文章显得单调，不妨试试换用“物”来做主语，使句式更加灵活多变！ 常见的方法有以下三种： （一）宾语做主语（常使用被动语态）（推荐） 【例句】 1. I like English.- English is my favourite subject. My favourite subject is English. English attracts me. English interests me.,34,（二）谓语动词变成动名词，作主语 【例句】

20、youd better chat more with your classmates. Chatting more with your classmates is beneficial for you. Chatting more with your classmates will help you know others well.,35,（三）引入其他名词或谚语 【例句】 You should understand your mother. Everyone makes mistakes, so you should. You should improve your communicati

21、ng ability. a computer could be adopted to communicate with others in order to improve your communicating ability.,36,绝招五：陈述变倒装,（一）完全倒装； 当表示地点或方位的状语开头时，句子变完全倒装。 如：公交车来了。 The bus comes. Here comes the bus. 上课铃响了。 The bell rings. Here rings the bell.,37,（二）部分倒装把否定词等提到句首,【例句】 1. I have never seen him b

22、efore. Never have I seen him before. 2. Only in this way can we do sth. 3. Only when.(陈述句). can we do sth. 4. Only if. can we do sth.,38,倒 装 一 练,【万能结尾句】 Only in this way can our society/ family/ life be flooded with harmony and happiness. Only then shall we have the chance of achieving our dreams. 【

23、更多例句】 1. You should understand your mom. Only when you understand your mom can you really grow up.,39,1、Tom runs fast. 2、用so.that.改句子： Tom runs so fast that none of us could catch up with him. 3、改为倒装句： So fast does Tom run that none of us could catch up with him.,40,练 一 练,【例句】用so.that.改句子；改为倒装句 1. Y

24、ou are shy. You are so shy that you seldom talk with others. So shy are you that you seldom talk with others. 2. Yao is tall. Yao is so tall that he can touch the ceiling. So tall is Yao that he can touch the ceiling.,41,绝招六：普通变强调,（一）强调谓语动词 我的确爱你。I do love you. 我的确爱过你。I did love you. （二）强调其他成分 1. 我爱

25、你。I love you. 我爱的人是你。It is you that I love. 爱你的人是我。It is I that love you.,6课时,42,绝招七：重复可省略,（一）并列句中的省略：（推荐） I go to school and (I) study English. but or as well as 等并列连词都具有这个性质 （二）状语从句中的省略： “当状语从句主语和主句主语一致，且从句用be动词时， 同时省略从句的主语和be动词。” When (I was) sleeping, I drew a map of China. When (I was) sleeping

26、, I visited the Great wall. When (I was) in Beijing, I tasted Beijing roast duck.,43,绝招八：it三句型,（一） It is+ adj/n+for sb+to do sth. 评价一件事 It is+ adj/n+of sb+to do sth. 评价一个人 【例句】 It is important for you to do It is nice of you to do= you are nice to do. It is beneficial for you to be more outgoing. It

27、 is wise of you to be more outgoing. It is a wise choice for you to be more outgoing. It is beneficial for sb to do sth.,44,（二） Sb think/find/regard/believe it + adj/n +for sb+ to do sth. 【例句】You are shy. I think it harmful for you to be so shy. I think (it is harmful for you to be so shy). （三）“使”句型

28、 sth make it +adj/n + for sb+to do 使.变成. 骄傲使人落后 Pride makes it hard for one to grow. This kind of work made it hard for me to finish.,45,三：如何将复杂句“化繁为简”？,绝招九：非谓语动词 一个句子中用到多个动词时，要用非谓语动词！ 【例句】 我看见一个骑自行车的人。 I saw a man (riding a bike). 老师拿着书走进课室。 The teacher came in, carrying a book.,46,【关于非谓语动词的三个秘密】 1

29、. 主动用ing，被动用ed，要做去做用to do; 2. 一人做两件事，用“分词短语”；两人分别做两件事， 用“独立主格结构”。 3. 汉语中用“动词+的”修饰名词时，英语用定语从句或非 谓语动词。 小龙笑着走了进来。 Smiling, XL walked in. 昊明被打了，小龙哭了。HM beaten, XL cried. 看书的那个小男孩是昊明 The boy (reading a book) is HM. 被昊明打了的那个小男孩是小龙 The boy beaten by HM is XL .,47,造 句 子 总 结,1、使用表意明确的单词； 2、名词后加上同位语或定语从句； 3、名

30、词前加上形容词； 4、动词前加副词； 5、动词的并列； 6、加从句：原因、结果、程度、目的 7、强调句，倒装句，被动句,48,高级词汇短语,词汇反映你知识贮存量的多少，也是衡量英语水平的一个重要标志。 词汇使用的原则人靠衣装，文靠词装,49,一、写作词汇选取应遵循的四大原则,1、“晚词”优先； only-merely； enough-adequate hard -diligently very -rather/ extremely pay attention to-attach importance to happy-delighted /enjoyable more and more-the

31、 increasing number of 2、短语优先； join-take part in； use-make good use of,50,3、具体词优先； a good teacher- a kind, patient and knowledgeable teacher 4、大纲词汇衍生词优先； He must be a doctor.- He is undoubtedly a doctor. He is very tall.-He is surprisingly tall.,51,5、避免重复,原文I like reading while my brother likes watch

32、ing television. 修正I like reading while my brother enjoys watching television.,52,二、经典换词大法,1. 好的 good 优秀的 outstanding， perfect， brilliant， remarkable， distinguished， excellent 教育性的 educational 建设性的，有益的 constructive， helpful， valuable， useful 有意义的 meaningful,53,2. 极好的，惊人的 greatsurprising 难以置信的，惊人的 inc

33、redible， unusual， unbelievable， exceptional， extraordinary， marvelous， amazing， shocking， astonishing 3. 坏的badterrible 不理想的undesirable 4. 令人厌倦的 boring，dull，annoying 5. 难于理解的 abstract， complicated，complex,54,6. 必要的 necessary essential 7. 提高 improve，increase 8. 很难difficultchallenging 9. 很重要importantvi

34、tal，significant 10. adj.=of+n. important of great importance different of great difference,55,11. 聪明的 clever intelligent，bright，wise 12. 美丽的 ，迷人的，吸引人的 charming，fascinating，attractive 13. 累的 tired exhausted，worn-out 14. 开心的Happy joyful ， delighted 15. 不开心的 sad frustrated，discouraged 16. 担心的 be/feel w

35、orried anxious，concerned 17. 遇到（事） meet come across，meet with,56,18. 使用 use make good use of 19. 学习 learn master（掌握） 20. 适应 be used to be adapted to， be accustomed to， be adjusted to 21. 参加 join, enter participate in， attend， take part in 22. 做 do practice，carry out，perform 23. 能够做 can do sth be abl

36、e to do sth 24. 完成 finish achieve， accomplish， fulfill， complete,57,25. 尽力做 try to make efforts to，manage to do 26. 决定做 decide to do be determined to do， make up ones mind to do 27. 想要做 want to look forward to doing sth， cant wait to do sth， desire to do 28. 喜欢做like be fond of ， be crazy about 29. 应

37、该做 should do be supposed to do ， had better do, Why not do， If I were you, I would do,58,30. 把看作，当作 seeas regard as，consider as，treatas，viewas 31. 想 think sb come up with， sth occur to somebody 32. 相信 believe sb insist on 坚持（某种观点） 33. 需要 need call for，require，demand 34. 知道 know be acquainted with， be familiar with,59,35. 所以so as a result,. .therefore,. .consequently,. 36. 因为 because of due to， owing to， thanks to 37. 在我看来 In my opinion in my view， as far as I can see， as far as I am conce