2002年英语专八真题及答案解析

1、2002年专业英语八级考试真题试卷及答案详解年专业英语八级考试真题试卷及答案详解试卷一(95min)?PartListeningComprehension(40min)InSectionsA,BandCyouwillheareverythingONCEONLY.Listencarefullyandthenanswerthequestionsthatfollow.MarkthecorrectanswertoeachquestiononyourColouredAnswerSheet.?SECTIONATALK?Questions1to5refertothetalkinthissection.Att

2、heendofthetalkyouwillbegiven15secondstoanswereachofthefollowingfivequestions.Nowlistentothetalk.?1.Accordingtothepassage,duringthe18thand19thcenturiescitiesweresmallinsizemainlybecause_.?A.theurbanpopulationwasstable?B.fewpeoplelivedincities?C.transportwasbackward?D.itwasoriginallyplanned?2.Citiessu

3、rvivedinthosedayslargelyasaresultof_.?A.thetradeactivitiestheyundertook?B.theagriculturalactivitiesinthenearbyareas?C.theirrelativelysmallsize?D.thenon-economicrolestheyplayed?3.CitydwellerswereengagedinallthefollowingeconomicactivitiesEXCEPT_.?A.commerceB.distributionC.processingD.transportation?4.

4、UrbanpeopleleftcitiesforthefollowingreasonsEXCEPT_.A.moreeconomicopportunitiesB.afreersocialandpoliticalenvironment?C.moreeducationalopportunitiesD.amorerelaxedreligiousenvironment?5.Whydidtheearlycitiesfailtogrowasquicklyasexpectedthroughoutthe18thcentury?A.Becausethecountrysideattractedmorepeople.

5、B.Becausecitiesdidnotincreaseinnumber.?C.Becausethefunctionsofthecitieschanged.D.Becausethenumberofcitypeoplewasstable.?SECTIONBINTERVIEW?Questions6to10arebasedonaninterview.Attheendoftheinterviewyouwillbegiven15secondstoanswereachofthefollowingfivequestions.Nowlistentotheinterview.?6.AccordingtoJan

6、et,thefactorthatwouldmostaffectnegotiationsis_.?A.EnglishlanguageproficiencyB.differentculturalpractices?C.differentnegotiationtasksD.theinternationalAmericanizedstyle?7.JanetsattitudetowardstheAmericanizedstyleasamodelforbusinessnegotiationsis_.?A.supportiveB.negativeC.ambiguousD.cautious2002年专业英语八

7、级考试真题试卷及答案详解年专业英语八级考试真题试卷及答案详解8.WhichofthefollowingcanNOTbeseenasadifferencebetweenBrazilianandAmericannegotiators?A.Americanspreparemorepointsbeforenegotiations.?B.Americansaremorestraightforwardduringnegotiations.?C.Braziliansprefermoreeyecontactduringnegotiations.?D.Braziliansseekmorebackgroundin

8、formation.?9.Whichgroupofpeopleseemstobethemoststraightforward?A.TheBritish.B.Germans.C.Americans.D.Notmentioned.?10.WhichofthefollowingisNOTcharacteristicofJapanesenegotiators?A.Reserved.B.Prejudiced.C.Polite.D.Prudent.?SECTIONCNEWSBROADCAST?Question11isbasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem

9、,youwillbegiven15secondstoanswerthequestion.Nowlistentothenews.?11.Thenewsitemismainlyabout_.?A.acallforresearchpaperstobereadattheconference?B.aninternationalconferenceontraditionalTibetanmedicine?C.thenumberofparticipantsattheconferenceandtheirnationalities?D.thepreparationsmadebythesponsorsforthe

10、internationalconferenceQuestions12and13arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven30secondstoanswerthequestions.Nowlistentothenews.12.Thenewsitemmainlyconcerns_inHongKong.?A.InternetcentresB.anIBMseminar?C.e-governmentD.broadcasting?13.Theaimsofthethreepolicyobjectivesincludeallt

11、hefollowingEXCEPT_.?A.improvementofgovernmentefficiencyB.promotionofe-commerce?C.integrationofservicedeliveryD.formulationofDigital21Strategy?Questions14and15arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven30secondstoanswerthequestions.Nowlistentothenews.14.Whichofthefollowingrecordsw

12、asthesecondbesttimeoftheyearbyDonovanBailey?A.9.98.B.9.80.C.9.91.D.9.95.?15.TherecordshowsthatBaileywas_.?A.stillsufferingfromaninjuryB.gettingbackinshape?C.unabletocompetewithGreeneD.lessconfidentthanbefore?SECTIONDNOTE-TAKINGANDGAP-FILLING?FillineachofthegapswithONEword.Youmayrefertoyournotes.Make

13、surethewordyoufillinisbothgrammaticallyandsemanticallyacceptable.?StudyActivitiesinUniversity?Inordertohelpcollegeanduniversitystudentsintheprocessoflearning,fourkeystudyactivitieshavebeendesignedandusedtoencouragethemtomakeknowledgetheirown.?1.Essaywriting:hehuman

14、ities,?e.g.(l)_.?benefits:1)helpingtoselectinterestingcontentinbooksandtoexpressunderstanding.?2002年专业英语八级考试真题试卷及答案详解年专业英语八级考试真题试卷及答案详解2)enablingteacherstoknowprogressandtooffer(2)_.?3)familiarizingstudentswithexamforms.?2.Seminarsandclassroomdiscussion:anotherformtointernalizeknowledgeinspecialized

15、contexts.?benefits:1)(3)_enablesyoutoknowtheeffectivenessofand?othersresponsetoyourspeechimmediately.?2)Withinthesameperiodoftime,moretopicscanbedealtwiththanin(4)_.?3)Theuseofabroaderrangeofknowledgeisencouraged.?3.Individualtutorials:asubstituteforgroupdiscussion.?format:fromteacher(5)_toflexiblec

16、onversation.?benefit:encouragingideasandinteraction.?4.Lectures:amost(6)_.usedstudyactivity.?disadvantages:1)less(7)_thandiscussionsortutorials.?2)moredemandinginnote-taking.?advantages:1)providingageneral(8)_ofasubjectunderdiscussion.?2)offeringmoreeasilyunderstoodversionsofatheory.?3)updatingstude

17、ntson(9)_developments.?4)allowingstudentstofollowdifferent(10)_.?1._?2._?3._?4._?5._?6._?7._?8._?9._?10._PartProofreadingandErrorCorrection(15min)ThefollowingpassagecontainsTENerrors.EachlinecontainsamaximumofONEerror.Ineachcase,onlyONEwordisinvolved.Youshouldproofreadthepassageandcorrectitinthefoll

18、owingway.?Forawrongword,underlinethewrongwordandwritethecorrectoneintheblankprovidedattheendoftheline.?Foramissingword,markthepositionofthemissingwordwitha“”signandwritethewordyoubelievetobemissingintheblankprovidedattheendoftheline.?Foranunnecessarywordcrossouttheunnecessarywordwithaslash“/andputth

19、ewordintheblankprovidedattheendoftheline.?Example?Whenartmuseumwantsanewexhibit,(1)an?itneverbuysthingsinfinishedformandhangs(2)never?2002年专业英语八级考试真题试卷及答案详解年专业英语八级考试真题试卷及答案详解themonthewall.Whenanaturalhistorymuseum?wantsanexhibition,itmustoftenbuildit.(3)exhibit?Therearegreatimpedimentstothegeneralus

20、eofastandard?inpronunciationcomparabletothatexistinginspelling?(orthography).Oneisthefactthatpronunciationislearnt?naturallyandunconsciously,andorthographyislearnt1._?deliberatelyandconsciously.Largenumbersofus,infact,?remainthroughoutourlivesquiteunconsciouswithwhatour2._?speechsoundslikewhenwespea

21、kout,anditoftencomesasa3._?shockwhenwefirstlyheararecordingofourselves.Itisnota4._?voicewerecognizeatonce,whereasourownhandwritingis?somethingwhichwealmostalwaysknow.Webeginthe5._?naturallearningofpronunciationlongbeforewestartlearning?toreadorwrite,andinourearlyyearswewentonunconsciously6._?imitati

22、ngandpracticingthepronunciationofthosearoundusfor?manymorehourspereverydaythanweeverhavetospend7._?learningevenourdifficultEnglishspelling.Thisisnatural,8._?therefore,thatourspeech-soundsshouldbethoseofour?immediatecircle;afterall,aswehaveseen,speechoperatesasa?meansofholdingacommunityandgivingasens

23、eof9._?belonging.Welearnquiteearlytorecognizeastranger,?someonewhospeakswithanaccentofadifferentcommunity-?perhapsonlyafewmilesfar.10._?PartReadingComprehension(40min)SECTIONAREADINGCOMPREHENSION(30min)?Inthissectiontherearefourreadingpassagesfollowedbyatotaloffifteenmultiple-choicequestions.Readthe

24、passagesandthenmarkyouranswersonyourColouredAnswerSheet.?TEXTA?Doyoueverfeelasthoughyouspendallyourtimeinmeetings?HenryMintzberg,inhisbookTheNatureofManagerialWork,foundthatinlargeorganizationsmanagersspent22percentoftheirtimeattheirdesk,6percentonthetelephone,3percentonotheractivities,butawhopping6

25、9percentinmeetings.?Thereisawidely-heldbutmistakenbeliefthatmeetingsarefor“solvingproblems”and“makingdecisions.”Forastart,thenumberofpeopleattendingameetingtendstobeinverselyproportionaltotheircollectiveabilitytoreachconclusionsandmakedecisions.Andthesearetheleastimportantelements.?2002年专业英语八级考试真题试卷

26、及答案详解年专业英语八级考试真题试卷及答案详解Insteadhoursaredevotedtosideissues,playingelaborategameswithoneanother.Itseems,therefore,thatmeetingsservesomepurposeotherthanjustmakingdecisions.?Allmeetingshaveonethingincommon:role-playing.Themostformalroleisthatofchairman.Hesetstheagenda,andagoodchairmanwillkeepthemeetingr

27、unningontimeandtothepoint.Sadly,theother,informalrole-playersareoftenabletogaintheupperhand.Chiefisthe“constanttalker”,whojustlovestohearhisorherownvoice.?Thentherearethe“cantdo”typeswhowanttomaintainthestatusquo.Sincetheyhaveoftenbeenintheorganizationforalongtime,theyfrequentlyquotehistoricalexperi

28、enceasanexcusetoblockchange:“Itwontwork,wetriedthatlastyearanditwasadisaster.”Amoresubtleversionofthe“cantdo”type,the“yes,but”hasemergedrecently.Theyhavelearntabouttheneedtosoundpositive,buttheystillcantbeartohavethingschange.?Anotherwholesub-setofcharactersarepeoplewholovemeetingsandwantthemtoconti

29、nueuntil5:30pmorbeyond.Irrelevantissuesaretheirspecialty.Theyneedtocallorattendmeetings,eithertoavoidwork,ortojustifytheirlackofperformance,orsimplybecausetheydonothaveenoughtodo.?Thentherearethe“counter-dependents”,thosewhousuallydisagreewitheverythingthatissaid,particularlyifitcomesfromthechairman

30、orthroughconsensusfromthegroup.Thesepeopleneedtofightauthorityinwhateverform.?Meetingscanalsoprovideattenderswithasenseofidentificationoftheirstatusandpower.Inthisease,managersarrangemeetingsasameansofcommunicatingtootherstheboundariesoftheirexclusiveclub:whois“in”,andwhoisnot.?Becausesomanymeetings

31、endinconfusionandwithoutadecision,anothergameisplayedattheendofmeetings,calledreachingafalseconsensus.Sinceitisimportantforthechairmantoappearsuccessfulinproblem-solvingandmakingadecision,thegroupreachesafalseconsensus.Everyoneishappy,havingspenttheirtimeproductively.Therealityisthatthedecisionissoa

32、mbiguousthatitisneveractedupon,or,ifitis,thereiscontinuingconflict,forwhichanothermeetingisnecessary.?Intheend,meetingsprovidetheopportunityforsocialintercourse,toengageinbattleinfrontofourbosses,toavoidunpleasantorunsatisfyingwork,tohighlightoursocialstatusandidentity.Theyare,infact,anecessarythoug

33、hnotnecessarilyproductivepsychologicalsideshow.Perhapsitisourcivilizedwaytomoderating,ifnotpreventing,change.?16.Onrole-playing,thepassageseemstoindicatethatchairman_.?A.talksasmuchasparticipantsB.isusuallya“constanttalker”?C.preferstotaketheroleofanobserverD.isfrequentlyoutshonebyparticipants?17.Wh

34、ichofthefollowingisNOTadistinctcharacteristicofthethreetypesofparticipants?A.Submissiveness.B.Stubbornness.?C.Disobedience.D.Lackoffocus.?18.Thepassagesuggeststhatafalseconsensuswasreachedattheendofameetinginorderto_.?A.makeroomforanothermeetingB.bringanillusorysenseofachievement?C.highlighttheimpor

35、tanceofameetingD.goaheadwiththeagreedprogramme?TEXTB2002年专业英语八级考试真题试卷及答案详解年专业英语八级考试真题试卷及答案详解?Cooperativecompetition.Competitivecooperation.Confused?Airlineallianceshavetravellersscratchingtheirheadsoverwhatsgoingonintheskies.Somefolksviewalliancesasablessingtotravellers,offeringseamlesstravel,reduce

36、dfaresandenhancedfrequent-flyerbenefits.Othersseeaconspiracyofbigbusinesses,causingdecreasedcompetition,increasedfaresandfewerchoices.Whateveryouropinion,theresnoescapingairlinealliances:themarketinghypeisunrelenting,witheachofthetwomega-groupings,OneworldandStarAlliance,promotingitselfasthebestchoi

37、ceforalltravellers.And,evenifyouturnawayfromtheirads,chancesaretheywillfigureinanyofyourtravelplans.Bytheendoftheyear,OneworldandStarAlliancewillbetweenthemcontrolmorethan40%ofthetrafficinthesky.Somepunditspredictthatfigurewillbemorelike75%in10years.?Butwhy,afteryearsofoftenferociouscompetition,have

38、airlinesdecidedtobandtogether?Letsjustsaythetimingismutuallyconvenient.NorthAmericanairlines,havingexhaustedallmeansofearningcustomerloyaltyathome,havebeenlookingforwaystoreachouttoforeignflyers.Asiancardersarestillhurtingfromtheregion-wideeconomicdownturnthatbegantwoyearsagojustwhensomeoftheairline

39、sweretakingdeliveryofnewaircraft.Alliancesalsoallowcarrierstocutcostsandincreaseprofitsbypoolingmanpowerresourcesontheground(ratherthaneachairlinemaintainingitsowngroundcrew)andcode-sharingthepracticeoftwopartnerssellingticketsandoperatingonlyoneaircraft.?Soalliancesareterrificforairlines-butarethey

40、goodforthepassenger?Absolutely,saytheairlines:thinkofthelounges,thejointFFP(frequentflyerprogramme)benefits,theround-the-worldfares,andtheglobalservicenetworks.Thentheresthepromiseof“seamless”travel:theabilityto,say,travelfromSingaporetoRometoNewYorktoRiodeJaniero,allononeticket,withouthavingtowaith

41、oursforconnectionsorworryaboutyourbags.Soundsutopian?PeterBuecking,CathayPacificsdirectorofsalesandmarketing,thinksthatseamlesstravelisstillevolving.“Itsfairtosaythattheselinksareonlyintheirinfancy.Thekeytoseamlessnessrestsininfrastructureandinformationsharing.Wereworkingonthis.”HenryMa,spokesperson

42、forStarAllianceinHongKong,listssomeoftheotherbenefitsforconsumers:“Globaltravellershaveaneasiertimemakingconnectionsandplanningtheiritineraries.”Maclaimsalliancesalsoassurepassengersconsistentservicestandards.?Criticsofalliancessaythemuch-toutedbenefitstotheconsumeraremostlypieinthesky,thatalliances

43、areallaboutreducingcostsfortheairlines,rationalizingservicesandrunningjointmarketingprogrammes.JeffBlyskal,associateeditorofConsumerReportsmagazine,saysthepromotionalballyhoooveralliancesismuchadoaboutnothing.“Idontseemuchofagainforconsumers:alliancesarejustamarketinggimmick.Andasfarasseamlesstravel

44、goes,IllbelieveitwhenIseeit.Mostairlinescantevengettheirownconnectionsundercontrol,letalonecoordinatewithanotherairline.”?Blyskalbelievesallianceswillultimatelyresultindecreasedflightchoicesandincreasedcostsforconsumers.Insteadoftwoairlinescompetingandeachoperatingaflightonthesamerouteat70%capacity,

45、thealliedpairwillsharetherouteandrunonefullflight.Sincefewerseatswillbeavailable,passengerswillbeobligedtopaymorefortickets.?2002年专业英语八级考试真题试卷及答案详解年专业英语八级考试真题试卷及答案详解Thetruthaboutalliancesandtheirmeritsprobablyliessomewherebetweenthetravelutopiapresentedbytheplayersandtheevilempiresportrayedbytheircr

46、itics.Andhowmuchtheyaffectyoudependsonwhatkindoftravelleryouare.?ThosewhovealreadymadetheelitegradeintheFFPofamajorairlinestandtobenefitthemostwhenitjoinsanalliance:thentheyenjoytheFFPperksandadvantagesonanyandallofthemembercarriers.Forexample,ifyoureaMarcoPoloClub“gold”memberofCathayPacificsAsiaMil

47、esFFP,youwillautomaticallybetreatedasavaluablecustomerbyallmembersofOneworld,ofwhichCathayPacificisamemberevenifyouveneverflownwiththembefore.?ForthosewhohaventmadethetopgradeinanyFFP,alliancesmightbeawayofsimplifyingtheearningoffrequentflyermiles.Forexample,IbelongtoUnitedAirlinesMileagePlusandgene

48、rallyflylessthan25,000milesayear.ButIearnmileswitheveryflightItakeonStarAlliancememberAllNipponAirwaysandThaiAirways.?IfyouflylessthanIdo,youmightbesmartertostayoutoftheFFPgamealtogether.Huntforbargainswhenbookingflightsandyoumightbeabletosaveenoughtotakethatextratripanyway.Theonlyrealbenefitinfrequ

49、entflyerscandrawfromanallianceisaninexpensiveround-the-worldfare.?Thebottomline:forallthemarketinghype,alliancesarentallthingstoallpeople-buteverybodycangetsomebenefitoutofthem.?19.Whichisthebestwordtodescribeairtravellersreactiontoairlinealliances?A.Delight.B.Indifference.C.Objection.D.Puzzlement?2

50、0.Accordingtothepassage,settingupairlineallianceswillchieflybenefit_.?A.NorthAmericanairlinesandtheirdomestictravellers?B.NorthAmericanairlinesandtheirforeigncounterparts?C.Asianairlinesandtheirforeigntravellers?D.Asianairlinesandtheirdomestictravellers?21.WhichofthefollowingisNOTaperceivedadvantage

51、ofalliances?A.Baggageallowance.B.Passengercomfort.?C.Convenience.D.Quality.?22.Onedisadvantageofalliancesforeseenbythecriticsisthatairtravelmaybemereexpensiveasaresultof_.?A.lessconvenienceB.higheroperationcosts?C.lesscompetitionD.morejointmarketing?23.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingcatego

52、riesoftravellerswillgainmostfromairlinealliances?A.Travellerswhoflyfrequentlyeconomyclass.B.Travellerswhoflyfrequentlybusinessclass.?C.Travellerswhoflyoccasionallyduringholidays.D.Travellerswhoflyeconomyclassonceinawhile.?TEXTC?2002年专业英语八级考试真题试卷及答案详解年专业英语八级考试真题试卷及答案详解ItisnothingnewthatEnglishuseison

53、therisearoundtheworld,especiallyinbusinesscircles.ThisalsohappensinFrance,theheadquartersoftheglobalbattleagainstAmericanculturalhegemony.IfFrenchguysaregivingintoEnglish,somethingreallybigmustbegoingon.Andsomethingbigisgoingon.?Partly,itsthatAmericanhegemony.DidierBenchimol,CEOofaFrenche-commerceso

54、ftwarecompany,feelscompelledtospeakEnglishperfectlybecausetheInternetsoftwarebusinessisdominatedbyAmericans.HeandotherFrenchbusinessmenalsohavetospeakEnglishbecausetheywanttogettheirmessageouttoAmericaninvestors,possessorsoftheworldsdeepestpockets.?ThetriumphofEnglishinFranceandelsewhereinEurope,how

55、ever,mayrestonsomethingmoreenduring.Astheybecomeentwinedwitheachotherpoliticallyandeconomically,Europeansneedawaytotalktooneanotherandtotherestoftheworld.Andforanumberofreasons,theyvedecideduponEnglishastheircommontongue.?SowhenGermanchemicalandpharmaceuticalcompanyHoechstmergedwithFrenchcompetitorR

56、honePoulenclastyear,thecompanieschosethevaguelyLatinateAventisasthenewcompanynameandsettledonEnglishasthecompanyscommonlanguage.WhenmonetarypolicymakersfromaroundEuropebeganmeetingattheEuropeanCentralBankinFrankfurtlastyeartosetinterestratesforthenewEuroland,theyheldtheirdeliberationsinEnglish.Event

57、heEuropeanCommission,with11officiallanguagesandatraditionallyFrench-speakingbureaucracy,effectivelyswitchedovertoEnglishasitsworkinglanguagelastyear.?Howdidthishappen?OneschoolattributesEnglishsgreatsuccesstothesheerweightofitsmerit.ItsaGermaniclanguage,broughttoBritainaroundthefifthcenturyA.D.Durin

58、gthefourcenturiesofFrench-speakingrulethatfollowedNormanConquestof1066,thelanguagemorphedintosomethingelseentirely.Frenchwordswereaddedwholesale,andmostofthecomplicationsofGermanicgrammarwereshedwhilefewofthecomplicationsofFrenchwereadded.Theresultisalanguagewithahugevocabularyandasimplegrammarthatc

59、anexpressmostthingsmoreefficientlythaneitherofitsparents.Whatsmore,Englishhasremainedungovernedandopentochangeforeignwords,coinages,andgrammaticalshiftsinawaythatFrench,ruledbythepuristAcademicFrancaise,hasnot.?Soitsaswelllanguage,especiallyforbusiness.ButtheriseofEnglishoverthepastfewcenturiesclearlyowesatleastasmuchtohistoryandeconomicsastothelanguagesabilitytoeconomicallyexpresstheconceptwin-win.WhathappenedisthatthecompetitionfirstLatin,thenFrench,then,briefly,Germanfadedwiththewanin