跨文化交际time orientation

1、time orientation non-verbal communication，communication process is an ongoing stream of events over a period of time . the value or importancethe heartbeat of culture，past-oriented culltures，previous experience and events are most important . primary emphasis on traditionimportant patterns perpetual

2、ly recur in the present tried-and-true methods for overcoming obstacles and problems，present-oriented cutthe fate is in ones own hands and they control the consequence of their actions，time systems，implicit rules to arrange sets of experienceseuropean americans : time is segmented into seconds，minut

3、es，hours，days，weeks，months，and years。times passages may be indicated by reference to signiant events . time intervals may be more arbitrary or based on signiant external events such a stime sequences are explicit taught to children and new comers as an important part of the acculturati on process .

4、agreements among the members of a culbers，western cultures : time is money。i havent got time to be tired。time is a line。chinese culture : hassate makes waste。速度不快。time reveals all things。所有的天都亮了。，单色make listskeep track of their activitiesorganize time into a daily routeine an event is regarded as se

5、parate and distinct from all others and should receive the exclusive focus of attention i“in fact，social and business life，even ones sex life is commonly schedule-dominated”，poly chronic time orientation : time is continuous like a never-ending river . work without a strict schedule being invlved wi

6、th many things as relation ships are far more important schedules . poly chronic cultures are oriented to people . appointments will be quickly broken without guilt or the diplomat arrived for his appointment not so early as to be obse quous nor so late as to be disrespecttful；he arrived 50 minutes

7、late。the american ambassador was later heard to remark， how can you depend on these people when they arrive an hour late for an appointmentquestions，what do you think of being punctual？how do the western define punctuality with measures of time？do you agree that a person who is conistently late is p

8、robably more successful than one who is conistently on time ？为什么？为什么不呢？self-test assessing time orientation，strongly agree agree are neutral disagree with the statement，1 .i usually feel frustrated after i choose to do a number of tasks when i could have chosen to do one at a time。2 .when i talk wit

9、h my friends in a groups setting，i feel comfortable trying to hold two or three conversions at a time。3 .when i work on a project around the house，it does snt bother me to stop in the middle of one job to pickup another job that needs to be done。4 .i like to finish one task before going on to anothe

10、r task。5 .at church it woulden both er me to meet at the same time with several different people who all had different church matters to discuss .6 .i tend to concentra te on one job before moving on to another task。7 .the easiest way for me to function is to organizee my daily activities with a sch

11、edule。8 .if i were a teacher and had sever al students wishing to talk with me about assigned home work，i would meet with the whole groups rather than with one，9 .i like doing sever al tasks at one time。10 .i am frustrated when i have to start on a task without first finishing a previous one，11 .in

12、trying to solve problems，i find it stimulating to think about several different problems at the same time。12 .i am mildly irritated when somene in a meeting wants to bring up a personal topic that is unrelated to the purpose of the meeting，13 .in school，i prefer studening one subject to completion before going on to the next subject .14 .im hesi