人教版英语必修三UNIT3英语语法-名词性从句--宾语从句 表语从句.ppt

1、语法名词性从句,noun clause,英语句子的种类,简单句 (simple sentence),并列句 (compound sentence),复合句 (complex sentence),英语句子概论,简单句的五种基本句型,The weather is very cold. 主语+谓语（连系动词）+表语 He laughed. 主语+谓语（vi.） I like Chinese food. 主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语 She taught them physics. 主语+谓语(vt.)+间接宾语+直接宾语 We must keep the room warm. 主语+谓语(vt.) +

2、宾语+宾语补足语,并列句 把两个或几个简单句用并列连词连接起来。,I turned on the TV. My sister and I watched it. I turned on the TV and my sister and I watched it. I bought my sister a present. She didnt like it. I bought my sister a present,but she didnt like it.,并列句,并列句,复合句:主句+从句,名词性从句 定语从句 状语从句,1.The boy who is standing over th

3、ere is Tom,2.Because it is raining ,we have to stay at home,定语从句,状语从句,3.I know (that)he is from America,(宾语从句）,名词性从句-,Noun Clauses (名词性从句),Subject Clause (主语从句),Appositive Clause （同位语从句）,Object Clause （宾语从句）,Predicative Clause （表语从句）,名词性从句在功能上相当于名词, 在复合句 中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。,主语,His job is important.,W

4、hat he does is important.,表语,This is his job.,This is what he does every day.,宾语,I dont like his job.,I dont like what he does every day.,同位语,I dont know about the man, Mr. White.,I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher.,Who will win the match is still unknown. I want to know what he has tol

5、d you. The fact is that we have lost the game. The news that we won the game is exciting.,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,名词性从句的作用相当于名词，因此主语从句、表语从句 、宾语从句和同位语从句分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。,同位语从句,Object Clauses 宾语从句,I know him . 2. I know who he is .,主语,谓语,宾语,（简单句）,主语,谓语,宾 语 从 句,连词,从句主语,从句谓语,主 句,（复合句）,句子做宾语就是宾语从句，跟在及物动词或介词后,句子

6、结构： 主句 +连词（引导词）+ 宾语从句。,Conjunctions of Noun Clauses(引导名词性从句的关联词):,what, who, whom, whose, which, wh+ever,that, whether, if,when, where, how, why,一、连词（引导词） 1. that 1.当宾语从句是由陈述句转变而来时（包括肯定句和否定句），连词由that引导，因为that在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略。,Lin Tao feels (that) his own team is even better.,2.宾语

7、从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略： （1）当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个that不能省； （2）当that从句作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。 （3）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句。,（1）Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried. （2）The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do. （3）I think it necessary that you should read English aloud.,3.在主句为动词be加

8、某些形容词（如sorry, sure, afraid, glad等）作表语时，后面所跟的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句。,Im sorry (that) I dont know . Were sure (that) our team will win . Im afraid (that) he wont pass the exam .,当宾语从句是由一般疑问句变来时时，由连词whether或if引导， “是否”，不能省略。,(1).Lily wanted to know_ her grandma liked the handbag . (2). Lets see_ we can find

9、out some information about that city . (3).She asked me _she could borrow these books .,注意 whether和if的使用区别:,1).whether和if都可以引导宾语从句 a.当有or not时就用whether,不用if. I dont know whether or not I will stay. b.介词后面的宾语从句不能用if. I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.,2. whether/if,if /whether,if /whether,if /

10、whether,Practice time,if / whether1. I asked her _ she had a bike.2. Were worried about _ he is safe.3. I dont know _ he is well or not.4. I dont know _ or not he is well.5. I dont know _ I should go.,if / whether,whether,whether,whether,whether/if,3. 当宾语从句是由特殊疑问句转变而来时，由疑问词（what, who, whom, which, w

11、hose when, where, how, why等）引导，因为疑问词在从句中担任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意义，所以不可以省略。,Do you know _ he said just now ? I dont remember_ we arrived . I asked him _ I could get so much money . Please tell me _we have to see . Do you know _ time the plane leaves ?,what,when,where,who whom,what,二、时态 1. 如果主句是现在的时态 （包括一般现在时

12、 ，现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根 据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）。,I know he _ here .(live) I know he _ here ten years ago .(live) I have heard that he _tomorrow .(come),2.如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时， 过去完成时）,I knew who _ here.(live) I saw she _her mother. (talk) He

13、 asked whether his father _tomorrow. (come back) He said that he _it .(see),3.当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理时用一般现在时。,The teacher said that the earth -around the sun.（travel）,lives,lived,will come,travels,lived,was talking with,would come back,had seen,三、语序 宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分。,1.I dont know what is the m

14、atter the troublewrong with him. 2 .I dont know who did it. 3. I dont know who is he,1. When will he go to the library? 1 His brother asks when he will go to the library . 2 His brother asks when will he go to the library .,2. What does he want to buy ? 1 I dont know what he wants to buy . 2 I dont

15、know what does he want to buy .,We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday.,2. He has made it clear that he will not give in.,注意： it常可以放在动词think, find, consider, believe, feel, make等后作为形式宾语, 真正的宾语-that从句则放在句尾.,*_(我们觉得很怪)she didnt go to school today.,We think it strange that,Fill in

16、the blanks with suitable conjunctions.,1. -Can you tell me _ the man is ? - He is my brother. 2. I didnt know _ he was coming until yesterday. 3. The doctor asks _ medicine you have taken. 4. I want to know _ they solved the problems in the city.,who,when,what,how,when,Whether/if,1.The young man ask

17、ed _ its summer or winter. A. either B. that C. weather D. whether 2.We dont know _ they did it . A. how B. who C. what D. which 3. The teacher asks us _ Jim can come back on time . A. that B. if C. when D. what time 4. Does anybody know _ we will have a sports meeting this weekend or not . A. if B.

18、 where C. whether D. that,D,A,B,C,5. Could you show me _ ? A. how can I get to the station B. where is the station C. how I could get to the station D. how I can reach the station 6. Please tell me _. A. what does he like B. what he does like C. what he likes D. what he like 7. My sister told him _

19、. A. what day was it B. when the train arrived C. who she was waiting D. where did you live,C,B,D,8. Someone is ringing the doorbell . Go and see _ . A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is 9. Could you tell me how long _ ? A. you have bought the watch B. you have kept this science book

20、C. have you been away from China D. have you been a member of Greener China 10. He says that if it _ tomorrow , he _ fishing . A. will rain , wont go B. rained , wasnt go C. rains , wont go D. rain , will go,B,C,D,宾语从句的难点突破,注意一: 虚拟语气在宾语从句 中的应用,insist; order,command; advise,suggest,propose;recommend;

21、 require,request, demand,ask,desire (一坚持,二命令,四建议,五要求),1.The leaders of the battle ordered _all of us_the work on time. A. if; finished B. that; finish C. whether; finished D. what; finished,注意二： 宾语从句中的强调句结构,2.I just wonder_that makes him so excited. A.why it does B.what is it C.How it is D.what it i

22、s,3.The companies are working together to create _ they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century. (08北京) A. whichB. that C. whatD. who,注意三： 宾语从句中插入语现象,4.You can hardly imagine _when he heard the news . A. how he was excited B. how was he excited C. how excited he was D. he was ho

23、w excited,注意四： 宾语从句中的感叹句,5. I couldnt understand _ with me. A.the matter was what B.what the matter was C.what was the matter D.that was the matter,注意五: 宾语从句中的特殊语序,what, who在宾语从句中作主语时，语序不变,6.This kind of plant grows best in_we think is warm and rainy. A.what B. which C.that D. where,注意六： what 在宾语从句中

24、的活译, 可译为“的事情，的东西，的样子, 的地方等。,高考链接,(2013山东)1. Its good to know _ the dogs will be well cared for while were away. A. what B. whose C. which D. that (2013新课标I卷)2. Police have found_ appears to be the lost ancient statue. A. which B. where C. how D. what (2012福建)3. We promise _ attends the party a chanc

25、e to have a photo taken with the movie star. A. who B. whom C. whoever D.whomever,(2012陕西)4. As many as five courses are provided, and you are free to choose _ suits you best. A. Whatever B. whichever C. whenever D. wherever 5. Excuse me, sir. Could you tell me _? A. where the bank nearest B. where

26、is the nearest bank C. where the nearest bank is D. the nearest bank is where,(2011北京卷)6. The shocking news mad me realize _ terrible problems we would face. A. whatB.howC.thatD. why (2011安徽卷)7. His writing is so confusing that its difficult to make out _it is he is trying to express. A. thatB. howC

27、. whoD. what,Predicative Clauses 表语从句,what, who, whom, whose, which, wh+ever,that, whether,as if/as though,when, where, how, why.because,表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的系动词有be, look, remain, seem,表语从句,The question is _we can rely on him. Thats _we were in need of money at that

28、 time . He looked _he was going to cry . Thats _I was late .,whether,because,as if,why,注 意：,在表语从句中，表“是否” 时，只能用 “whether”不能用“if”。 一般情况下，“that”不能省。 It is /was because . It is /was why. 3. The reason (why/for)is /was that. 4 The reason is because /why,that .,1. Thats _ the Party called on us to do. A.

29、why B. what C. how D. that 2. The reason is _ he is unable to operate the machine. A. because B. why C. that D. Whether 3 .That is _ they separated. A. that B. what C. which D. where 4.Jane is no longer _ she was four years ago. A. what B. which C. that D. when,注意1：that / what的辨用,1._ he wants is a b

30、ook. 2. _ he wants to go there is obvious.3.We should pay attention to _ the teacher is saying. 4.He told us _ he felt ill. 5.The result is _ we won the game.6.This is _ we want to know.7. I have no idea _ he did that afternoon. 8.The fact_ she works hard is well known to us all.,What,That,what,what

31、,what,（that）,（that）,that,Rules,1.that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用 2. what除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当成分，可做从句的主语、宾语、或表语。,注意2：whether与if的辨用,1.Whether it is true remains a problem. 2.It remains a problem whether/if it is true. 3. He asked whether/if Mary would attend the ceremony. 4.It depends on whether we have got en

32、ough money. 5.The question is whether you should accept it. 6.The question whether hell attend the meeting is important. 7.I didnt know whether to laugh or to cry. 8.I dont know whether/if it is right or not.,Rules,1.在由形式主语it引导的主语从句及在vt动词后面的宾语从句中，表“是否”， whether/if 都可以用； 2.在前置主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和跟在介词后面的宾

33、语从句中，表“是否”， 只能用whether； 3.在whether or not 和whether to do 中whether 不能换成if,Practice time,if / whether 1. I asked her _ she had a bike. 2. I dont know _ he is well or not. 3._ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather. 4.It hasnt been decided_ we shall attend the meeting. 5.W

34、ere worried about _ he is safe. 6. The question is _ he should do it. 7.The doctor can hardly answer the question _ the old man will recover soon. 8. I dont know _ to go or to stay at home.,whether/ if,whether,whether,whether,whether,whether,whether,whether / if,1. _made the school proud was _more t

35、han 90%of the students had been admitted to key universities . A What / because B What / that C That / what D That / because 2._she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons . A What / why B That / what C What / because D Why / that,B,A,B,3. He is absent from s

36、chool . It is _ he is seriously ill. A. why B. because C. that D. the reason,4 _has helped to save the drowning girl is worthpraising . A Who B The one C Anyone D Whoever,5. Information has been put forward _ more graduates will be admitted into universities . A that B how C where D what,D,A,6 - I d

37、rove to Zhuhai for the air show last week . - Is that _you had a few days off ? A why B when C what D where 7 -Are you still thinking about yesterdays game ? - Oh ,thats _. A what makes me feel excited B whatever I feel excited about C how I feel about it D when I feel excited,A,A,._ fashion differs

38、 from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect . A What B That C This D Which 10. When you answer questions in a job interview ,please remember the golden rule : Always give the monkey exactly _ he wants . A what B which C when D that 11. We made the suggestion that he _ his work . A continues B continue C continued D had continued,B,A,B,12.There will be a special price for _ buys things in large number here. A. who B. whom C. whoever D. Whomever 13. Mary w