句子的分类主谓一致

1、句子的分类,1.句子的分类 2.句子的成分 3.主谓一致 4.简单句 5.并列句 6.复合句 7.练习,一、句子的分类,1.按使用目的可分为四类: 陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。 1).陈述句：用来描述、说明事实或表达说话人的看法的句子。 We are all Chinese. 我们都是中国人。,一、句子的分类,2).疑问句：用来提出疑问的句子。 (1).一般疑问句 Are you a student? 你是学生吗？ (2）特殊疑问句：用疑问句开头的句子。 Where are you from?你是哪的人？,一、句子的分类,(3）选择疑问句：提出两种答案供对方选择的问句。 Shall we

2、go there by bus or by bike? 我们是乘公交还是骑车去？ By bike. 骑车去。,一、句子的分类,(4）反义疑问句：反义疑问句放在陈述句之后，对陈述句所述事实提出相反的疑问。 You didt speak that, did you? 你没那么说，是吗？ No, I didnt. 是的，我没说。 Yes, I did. 不是，我说了。,一、句子的分类,3).祈使句：用来表示命令、建议或请求的句子。 Look at the blackboard. 看黑板。 4).感叹句：表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情的句子How cold it is today! 今天天气真冷！ .,一、句

3、子的分类,5).含有there be结构的句子：there be结构的句子表示某地、某时有或存在这一概念。 There is a map of the world on the wall. 墙上有一幅世界地图。 2.英语句子按照结构可分为三类：简单句、并列句和复合句。,一、句子的分类,1）简单句：只包含一个主谓结构的句子 How works in a country club. 他在一乡村俱乐部工作。 2）并列句：两个或两个以上互相关联而又相互独立的简单句用并列连词and, but, for, nor, so, or, yet等，或分号“；”连接，构成并列句。,一、句子的分类,I like s

4、inging, but she likes dancing. 我喜欢唱歌，而她喜欢跳舞。 3）复合句：由一个独立句子和一个或一个以上非独立句子组成的句子称为复合句。 What she said made me happy. 她说的话使我高兴。,练习,指出下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句 1.She is a bright student, but her brother is a slow one. 2.Tom and Mary are studying and living in the same city. 3.Tom studies in Beijing; however, his s

5、ister studies in Shanghai. 4.I didnt go to the concert, for I am not feeling well today. 5.The boy asked whether he could take the ball away.,二、句子的成分,二、句子的成分：一个句子的各个组成部分。 主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。 主语和谓语是主要成分，其他是次要成分。 1.主语: 句子所说是谁或是什么.是句子的主体,由名词、代词、或相当于名词的词、短语、从句等充当。 Fred is an American boy. They study in

6、No.1Middle School.,二、句子的成分,2.谓语：说明主语的动作、状态和特征。一般用动词表示。 They work hard. I like football. My shirt is white. 3. 宾语:表示动作的对象.一般由名词,代词(宾格)或相当于名词的词、短语、从句等来充当。,二、句子的成分,My sister often helps me. We study English at school. 4.表语：表明主语的性质、特征、身份等。一般由名词、形容词、短语、从句等来表示。 Mr. Li is a teacher. The sky is blue.,二、句子的成

7、分,5.定语：用来修饰名词或代词。常由形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、从句等来表示。 That is a green jeep. We have four lessons in the morning. 6.状语：修饰动词、形容词或副词。说明行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等。常由副词、介词短语、从句等来表示。,二、句子的成分,He speaks English very well. We have sports in the afternoon. The virus of SARS can quickly spread among people. 非典病毒在人群中能迅速传播。,三、

8、简单句,1.简单句的结构： 无论英语句子长短，按照结构特征及句中主要成分之间的关系，可以归纳为六种基本句型。,三、简单句,1、主系表句型- be 2、主谓宾- do（vt） 3、主谓- do(vi)-(不及物动词) 4、主谓宾补-do(vt) 5、主谓宾宾-do(vt) 记双宾语的动词一定要记。 6、There be (不及物动词do)-be (不及物动词),三、简单句,六种基本句型 1).基本句型一：主语+连系动词+表语 The girl is my friend. He looks young. The map is on the wall.,三、简单句,2).基本句型二：主语+谓语 Sh

9、e studies hard. He gets up at six every day. 3).基本句型三：主语+谓语+宾语 They are writing letters. We play football after school.,三、简单句,4).基本句型四：主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 及物动词 ask, give, tell, teach, buy等, 可有两个宾语.人为间接宾语, 物为直接宾语. 通常间接宾语放在直接宾语前面. His sister gave him a watch. The teacher asked him a question. I bought her

10、 a new MP3. He told us an interesting thing.,三、简单句,5).基本句型五：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 有些及物动词的直接宾语后面需加个补足语, 句子的意思才完整. 宾语和它的补足语在逻辑上有主谓关系, 合在一起称为复合宾语. 带有复合宾语的动词有ask, tell, see, make, want, call等. 常用作宾语补足语的有名词, 形容词, 动词不等式等.,三、简单句,6).基本句型六 there be (do) 句型：谓主状 there is a teacher in the classroom = in the classroom

11、, there is a teacher,三、简单句,正式文体中，某些表示存在、发生、出现、坐落等意义的不及物动词也可以与there连用， 如：appear, seem, come, remain, exist, live, stand, lie, arise, enter, follow, occur, rise, grow, happen, belong, arrive, fly, flash, sail, pass, run, spring up, emerge等。,三、简单句,1.There exist（are） many ancient temples in the country.

12、 那个国家有很多古老的寺庙。 2. There lies (is) a small village in the mountain. 山里有个小村子。 3. Once upon a time, there lived (was) an old queer man in the city. 从前，城里住着个怪老头。 4. There struck me a sudden idea. 突然我有了一个主意。,三、简单句,I wanted him to come. Ill tell her to wait for you. We saw him go out. Well make our countr

13、y more beautiful. They call him Little Tom.,主谓一致,1. 谓语动词要与主语的人称和数一致 I am a student. She is a nurse. They are workers. He gets up at six oclock every morning. They have not come. My sister has worked in that hospital for five years.,主谓一致,2. 用and 连接两个或两个以上的单数名词作主语时，如果表示不同的概念，谓语动词用复数 Liu Ying and Wei F

14、ang are cousins. My brother and I have seen the film. 如果两个名词指一个人或物时，谓语动词要用单数。 The worker and I has written a new novel.,主谓一致,The worker and I has written a new novel. Fire and water do not agree. 火和水不同意。（表示同一个观点） 但and连接两个单数主语，如有every, each, no 或 many a等词修饰。谓语用单数. Every boy and every girl has the rig

15、ht to education.,主谓一致,3. 主语后面跟有with，together with, as well as, as much as, rather than, besides, including, along with, together with, like, no less than, expect, but 构成的短语，其谓语动词只需和前面的主语保持一致。 A woman with two children is sitting at the gate. John with her parents is coming to see us tonight. John as

16、 well as his brothers speaks Chinese well Nobody but you knows it.,主谓一致,4.用either . or, neither. nor, not. but., not only but also, or 连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词与后一个主语一致。 Either the boy or the girl has no difficulty . Neither he nor I have done it. Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about i

17、t.,主谓一致,5. 两个或两个以上的主语用 or, nor 或not only but (also), 连接起来，如人称和数不同，其谓语动词应和最近的一个主语一致。 She or you have taken the ticket. Not only the students, but also the teacher was present at the sports meeting. Not you but he is going to be the monitor. Was Mr. Wang or you in the office yesterday ?,主谓一致,6.如果 “the

18、re be + 并列主语 和 here be + 并列主语” 结构中的谓语动词形式一般与并列主语中的第一个主语的数一致。 There is a cap, a pen and some books on the office. Here is a cup of tea for you.,主谓一致,7.集体名词 group, class, family, audience, crew, enemy, government, couple, nation, public, population, committee 等作主语时，如果视为整体看待，谓语动词就用单数，视为个体(各个成员)，就用复数。 M

19、y family is large. The family are sitting at breakfast table. Class Five is having a meeting. The class are learning to sing.,主谓一致,8.有些集合名词，people, militia, police, cattle 等作主语时, 谓语动词用复数，但people,意为“民族” 时谓语用单数 Are there any police left ? The Chinese people are brave and hardworking. The cattle were g

20、razing at the foot of the hill. People 作”民族”解时, 可以有复数形式. Different peoples have different cultures.,主谓一致,9.news, 或以-ics和 s结尾的表示学科名称的名词作主语，例如 mathematics, politics, physics 等词虽词尾有 ”s”, 但在意义上是单数, 谓语动词要用单数形式. The news has shocked us. Politics is an interesting subject. Physics is now taught in all scho

21、ols.,主谓一致,10.不定代词 anyone, anybody, anything, everyone, everybody, everything, someone, somebody, something, no one, nobody, nothing, each, the other 等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数. Is anybody here ? There is nobody at home. Is there anything in the bottle ? Someone is looking for you. Nobody explains the difficult

22、problem at the moment. Each of them understands what I said. This computer is yours and the other is mine.,主谓一致,11.数词作主语时，动词用单、复数都可以。 Four and six is / are ten. Four plus six equals / equal ten Five times eight is / are forty.,主谓一致,12.由数词+表示重量、容量，距离、时间、金钱, 温度等名词以复数形式作主语时，是当作一个整体看待的，谓语动词应用单数形式。 Thirt

23、y minutes is enough for me to do the work. Five miles isnt too long distance. 100 kilomters is quite a distance.,主谓一致,13.表示由国家、城市、人名、书名、报纸、杂志及组织等专有名词作主语时， 通常当做一个整体，谓语用单数。 Dalian is one of the most beautiful cities in China. The United States lies in the North America. China Daily is read all over Ch

24、ina,主谓一致,14.一些由两个相同部分组成一个整体的复数名词，如:glass, trousers, shoes, scissors等，作主语时，如果主语钱有“一条，一把，一双”等修饰则谓语用单数；如果谓语前是复数修饰语或没有修饰语，谓语用复数。 This pair of shoes is for you. The trousers are so long for me.,主谓一致,15.“a number of + 复数名词或代词”作主语时，谓语用于复数，“the number of +复数名词或代词” 作主语时，谓语用单数。 A number of people have their o

25、wn houses. The number of people who own houses is increasing,主谓一致,16.定冠词加上某些形容词，如the rich, the wounded, the old, the dead, the sick 等表示一类人，谓语用复数. The old are taken good care of in our country. The rich are for the plan, but the poor are against it,主谓一致,17.none 和neither作主语时，谓语动词可用单数或复数，主语根据说话人的意思决定。

26、None of them has arrived yet. None of them have arrived yet. Neither of them knows the answer. Neither of them know the answer.,主谓一致,18.“分数或百分数 + 名词”作主语，谓语的数与名词的数保持一致。 More than 70% of the surface of our planet is covered by water. Two-thirds of the people are women here.,主谓一致,19.“a + 单数名词+ or two”作

27、主语，谓语用单数，但 “ one or two + 复数名词” 作主语，谓语用复数。 A day or two has passed One or two days have passed,主谓一致,20.动名词、动词不定式或从句作主语时，谓语用单数。 Walking on the moon is very difficult.(动名词) That he said is wrong. (从句) To walk with him is a great pleasure.(动词不定式),主谓一致,21.两个主语，一个肯定，另一个否定，谓语动词的数与肯定的主语相一致。 I, not you, am

28、the right person to do the work. The Smiths, not their neighbor, are to blame.（责备）,主谓一致,22.“one of + 复数名词”后的定语从句中的谓语动词用复数，而“the (only) one of + 复数名词”后的定语从句中的谓语动词用单数 He is one of the students who have been to Shanghai. He is the one of the students who has been to Shanghai.,简单句专练 P.99(Green Book),选择正

29、确答案： 1.Most students in this class_ from the countryside. A. is B. areC. will 2.Nearly one hundred people _ attended the meeting. A. are B. haveC. has,B,B,简单句专练 P.99(Green Book),3.The number of teachers in this school_ unknown. A. areB. is beingC. in 4.Four hours _ too long for him to write the lett

30、er. A. hasB. are C. is,C,C,简单句专练 P.99(Green Book),5.Physies _ interesting subject. A. is anB. are anC. is a 6.The news you told me_ surprising. A. isB. are C. will be,A,A,简单句专练 P.99(Green Book),7.Both you and I _ finished the work in time. A. am B. haveC. are 8.Either Mr. Lee or the students _to cle

31、an the blackboard. A. had B. has C. have,C,C,简单句专练 P.99(Green Book),9.The mother together with her sons _ asked to go to the court. A. are B. haveC. was 10.Neither of his two friends _ told him the truth. A. have B. areC. has,C,C,四、并列句,1.并列句:简单句+并列连词+简单句构成. 1).用来连接两个意思相近或有因果关系的句子 常用的词有：and, so, ther

32、efore, not only.but also 等。 He came late, so he missed the film. 他来晚了，所以没看着电影。,四、并列句,2).表示在两者之间选择其一句子。 常用的词有：or, otherwise, either.or等。 Take your raincoat with you, or you will get wet. 带着雨衣，否则你会淋湿的。 3).表示两个彼此矛盾的概念的句子。 常用的词有：but, yet, however等。 She had worked hard, yet she failed. 她工作很努力，然而还是失败了。,四、

33、并列句,用for表示原因。 She didnt come to the meeting, for she was ill. 她没来开会，因为她病了。,并列句专练 P101(Green Book),选择正确答案 1.They drank, _ and danced all night. A. sang B. singC. singing 2. I went home _ she stayed at the station. A. but B. orC. so 3. He as well as his students _ interested in sports. A. are B. isC.

34、were,B,A,A,并列句专练 P101(Green Book),4.I decide to stop and have lunch, _I am hungry. A. and B. for C. so 5.It was going to rain just now; _it is clear now. A. but B. for C. however,C,B,四、复合句,1复合句： 由一个独立句子和一个或一个以上非独立句子构成的句子称为复合句。主语是句子的主体，从句只作句子的一个从属部分，不能独立成句。从句常由连接词将从句和主句联系在一起。从句在主句中作什么成分就叫什么从句。,四、复合句,

35、1).主语从句 主语从句在复合句中做主语，它的作用相当于名词。引导主语从句的词有 连词: that, whether； 连接代词: who, what, which； 连接副词: when, where, how, why等。 That I was right is clear. 我是对的，这很清楚。,四、复合句,2).表语从句 表语从句在复合句中作表语，它的作用相当于名词。引导表语从句的词有 连词: that, whether, as if； 连接代词: who, what, which； 连接副词:when, where, how, why等。 He looks as if he knew

36、 nothing about it. 看上去他好像对这件事一无所知。,四、复合句,3).宾语从句 宾语从句在复合句中作及物动词或介词的宾语，常由下面一些连词引导。 (1).有连词: that引导。 She said (that) she would return the book soon. 她说她很快就会还书。,四、复合句,(2）由连词: whether 或 if 引导。 I would whether/if hell agree with me. 我想知道他是否同意我的意见。 (3）由连接代词: who, whom, whose, which, what 或连接副词: when, wher

37、e, how, why引导。 I know whose brother he is. 我知道他是谁的兄弟。,四、复合句,4).定语从句 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句，叫做定语从句。定语从句需放在所修饰词的后面。引导定语从句的连词有 关系代词: who, whom, whose, which, that；关系副词: when, where, why, as等。 Do you know the man who is singing now? 你认识那个正在唱歌的人吗？,四、复合句,5). 同位语从句 同位语从句一般由某些抽象名词 news, fact, belief, idea, sugg

38、estion, 或 advice+由that引导的从句构成。 与定语从句不同的是：同位语从句只是说明主语的内容，并且需用 that 作连接词。 Everyone knows the fact that it is colder in winter than in summer here. 每个人都知道这个事实：这里的冬天比夏天冷。,四、复合句,6). 状语从句 复合句中起状语作用的从句。状语从句可以用来表示时间、地点、原因、结果、目的、条件、比较、方式、让步等。 A. 时间状语从句常用: when, as, while, after, before, as soon as, until等连词引

39、导。 I was reading the newspaper when he called. 他打电话时，我正在看报。,四、复合句,B. 地点状语从句常由连词: where, wherever引导。 We will go where we want to go most. 我们将去我们最想去的地方。 C. 原因状语从句常由连词: because, as, since引导 I was absent because I didnt catch the bus. 我缺席了，因为我没有赶上公共汽车。,四、复合句,D. 条件状语从句常由if, unless 等连词引导。 Ill be very happ

40、y if you come to the part. 如果你来参加聚会，我将很高兴。 E.目的状语从句常由so that, in order that 等连词引导。 He got up early so that he might catch the school bus. 他早起床，以便赶上校车。,四、复合句,F.结果状语从句常由so that, so.that, such.that 等连词引导。 He had forgotten to post the letter so that he had to go out again. 他忘了发信，所以他必须再出去一次。 G.比较状语从句常由 than, as.as, not as/so.as等连词引导 Peter ran as fast as Tom. 彼得跑的比汤姆快。,四、复合句,H.方式状语从句常由as, as if/as thought等连接引导 You must do as the t