完形填空做题技巧(DZM-20140310).ppt

1、完型填空专题 技巧点拨,2014年3月10日,邓子明,词汇记忆 词汇层次,高考完形 填空考什么？,篇章结构 篇章层次,句间关系 段落层次,一、高考完形填空命题特点,(1) 考查词汇：实词为主,如名词、动词、形容词 (2) 考点分三个层次： 语篇层次：30%左右 文章的主题、大意、段意等 段落层次：70%左右 小语境、微语境。故事情节、上下文逻辑 单词层次：只须读懂单词所在句子就能做 不多,完形填空是一种综合测试，涉及的知识面很广，是用来测试考生的阅读理解能力和综合应用语言的能力。具体表现在以下几个方面： (1)词语辨析能力 (2)语法结构分析能力 (3)语篇理解能力 (4)逻辑推理能力 (5)

2、文化背景透析能力 (6)作者意图剖析能力 (7)生活常识综合运用能力,高考完形填空题型特点,1. 以叙为主, 叙议结合; 2. 篇章短小, 意义完整; 3. 首句完整, 主题明确; 4. 结构清晰, 层次分明; 5. 考查语境, 侧重辨析; 6. 实词为主, 虚词为辅; 7. 逻辑推理, 隐于语篇; 8. 常识语法, 每年出现。,为什么我们在这一题型上总是失分较多?为什么似懂非懂，找寻答案就如大海掏针？,自我分析 对号入座 对症下药,词汇量小，单词不认识，或意义记错。 缺乏句子常识,不懂英语语序与汉语语序的区别。 缺乏必要的生活常识、自然常识、社会常识、人际交往常识，不了解中西文化的差异。 说

3、话思维逻辑混乱，搞不清转折关系、让步关系、因果关系、递进关系、条件关系等。 无整体观念，抓不住关键。不去读懂主旨大意、作者观点态度、段意和文章关键信息(整体阅读) 断章取义。就题论题。不管前后联系，互不照应，前后矛盾。（行文逻辑） 脱离语境，无中生有，不顾文意。(忠实原文) 急于求成,未通读全文便忙于答题。无整体概念边读边填,两眼忙于空白与选项之间，欲速则不达。,典型症状：,实际上，完形填空： 从头到尾充满了暗示 就是猜，也要猜得有理有据，不纯粹乱猜 命题是艺术，解题是技术； 命题是设计陷阱，技巧是识破陷阱,有时不看文章和题干也能选择答案,（2010辽宁卷） 36 A worriedB sad

4、 C surprised D nervous,要有信心,原题信息,When I first entered university, my aunt, who is an English professor, gave me a new English dictionary. I was 36 to see that it was an English-English dictionary, also known as a monolingual dictionary. 36 A worriedB sad C surprised D nervous,?,解题方法：(科学药方),总的原则: “先完

5、意，后完形”。,八字方针：上下求索，瞻前顾后。,三步曲：读填读,高分技巧（How to get high scores？）,1. 正确的答题步骤 2. 必要的答题技巧3. 适量的实践训练,1、研究首尾找主题 2、上下联系寻信息 3、左顾右盼找搭配 4、思前想后觅逻辑 5、语境分析辨词义 6、集中精力破难题 7、回读检查补漏洞,Four methods(四种常用的方法)：,1、context (上下文语境) 2、word distinctions or collocations (词语辨析和固定搭配) 3、information given in the passage (利用文章中的信息-原词

6、复现、近义词和反义词等) 4、cultural background and common sense (文化背景和常识),完形填空 微技巧,褒贬法,褒贬法,I did very badly at school. My headmaster thought I was 36 and when I was 14, he said, “Youre never going to be 37 but a failure.” 36. A. brightB. useless C. simpleD. hopeful 37. A. everythingB. anything C. nothingD. some

7、thing,贬的语境,Several years ago, while attending a communication course, I experienced a most unusual process. The instructor asked us to list something in our past that we felt 2 of, regretted, or incomplete about and read our lists aloud. 2. A. ashamed B. afraid C. sure D. proud,褒贬法,贬的语境,It makes me

8、unique and gives me a sense of 1 to know that I succeed in an area where 2 others do. 1. A. pride B. shame C. fear D. worry 2. A. few B. many C. a few D. some,褒贬法,褒的语境,Students generally appreciate these special 50 opportunities. They are almost always fun and interesting, and professors 51 them too

9、 because students learn so much in just a few short months. 50. A. working B. living C. teaching D. learning 51. A. believe B. like C. dislike D. oppose,褒贬法,褒的语境,复现词,Anyone can give away what they no longer want, but true generosity is giving what you 30 . I, who had meant to teach, was taught. 30 A

10、. discard B. need C. have D. dislike,褒贬法,褒贬对比,She told the front-desk clerk she had had a(n) 1 vacation, but was heart-broken about losing several rolls of Kodak color film she had not yet developed. 1.A. disappointing B. wonderful C. uncomfortable D. important,褒贬法,褒贬对比, and the officers then began

11、to eat their meal, saying that the mushrooms had a very strange 37 quite pleasant taste. 37. A. besides B. but C. and D. or,褒贬法,褒贬对比,I went into a caf and asked for a coffee. 1I was waiting for my drink, I realized that there were other people in the place, but I sensed 2 . I saw their bodies, but I

12、 couldnt feel their souls. 1. A. Before B. Since C. Although D. While 2. A. pain B. loneliness C. sadness D. fear,褒贬对比,褒贬法,Fifty years ago, zoos were places where the animals lived in cages with iron bars. The cages were easy to keep clean. 3 , for the animals, the cages were small and impossible to

13、 hide in. Although the zoo keepers took good care of them, many of the animals did not feel 5 , and they often became 6 . 3. A. Therefore B. However C. So D. Though 5. A. upset B. disturbed C. comfortable D. satisfied 6. A. excited B. angry C. ill D. frightened,褒贬法,褒贬对比,褒贬法,此处指的是广义的褒贬，是指语义的积极/消极、正面/

14、负面、好的/坏的等广义的褒义/贬义。词汇意义上是相反或相对的。 信号词：对比或相反: but, yet, however, instead, otherwise, or, although/though, while, 前后同向: and, too, also, other, another 褒贬法是根据前后文的语义关系，即褒义语境、贬义语境或褒贬对比选择信号词，或根据信号词选择前后文的用词。,语境法,She took out her list. It had 21 items on it, enough to fill three pages, in fact. As she started

15、 reading the list of the little annoyances, she noticed that 22 were starting to appear in her husbands eyes. “Whats wrong?” she asked. 21 A many B no C few D several 22 A drops B images C tears D nothing,2. 语境,生活常识、生理常识,She put her round little 20 into Lucys, giving her a final kiss, and then laid

16、her 21 on top of the other toys. 20 A eyes B ears C face D head 21 A gratefully B quickly C painfully D gently,生理常识，生活常识,2. 语境,His big stomach has always ballooned out between his T-shirt and trousers. Although his family often 43 about that, Ed refused to buy a 44 T-shirt or to lose weight. 43. A.

17、cared B. forgot C. quarreled D. joked 44. A. clean B. straight C. larger D. darker,社会常识，生活常识,2. 语境,So I tried hard with my writing and went to college . My first novel 45 while I was at college. 45. A. came on B. came in C. came out D. came back,社会常识,2. 语境,The amount of usable water has always been

18、of great interest in the world. Owning springs and streams sometimes means control, particularly in the 37 areas like the desert. A. dry B. distant C. deserted D. wild,举例,自然常识,2. 语境,. I raised the pistol and fired. The animal fell backwards with an angry cry. Father took the 38 smoking pistol from m

19、y hand , and fired another shot, which killed the gorilla. 38. A. still B. yet C. even D. already,生活常识,2. 语境,语境法,这是完形填空的主要方法。根据故事的发生、发展、情节、起因、结果，使得做出的选项符合逻辑、符合实际、符合常识、符合自然的反应。而不是逻辑不通、笑掉大牙、莫名其妙,复现词法,Jack was at the theatre early and he was already in a policemans clothes long before the end of the fi

20、rst scene. He even thought of going out into the street to see whether he could pass as _ out there. A. a policemanB. an inspector C. an officer D. a manager,3. 复现词法,原词复现,Todd was working at his gas station at night when he heard over the radio that . Todd saw the headlights coming at him and a car

21、pulled in for _. A. direction B. repairs C. gas D. parking,3. 复现词法,原词复现,My first customer was a pretty girl _ a red dress. . Behind the girl in red stood a man carrying something wrapped in brown paper. A. wearing B. buying C. carryingD. wanting,3. 复现词法,同义、近义复现,Some parts of the water are very shall

22、ow. But in some places it is very, very _. A. deep B. high C. cold D. dangerous,3. 复现词法,反义复现,First of all he was a window cleaner and in his first week had managed to _ at least six windows. A. rub B. drop C. break D. clean,3. 复现词法,同源词(派生)复现,Jim got his reward, a large piece of paper from the headma

23、ster, who told him to write a composition on the dangers of smoking. What could Jim write about? He hadnt listened to the lecture and had nothing to say on the _. A. lecture B. point C. matter D. subject,3. 复现词法,上下义复现,3. 复现词法,上下义复现,He taught her how to rely on her other _, specifically her hearing,

24、to determine where she was and . A. feeling B. organsC. skillsD. senses,复现词法,几乎每篇完形都要使用的方法。指的是同一词、派生词、同义反义词、上下义词、解释词、换种说法等在前文或后文有出现，可以参照。,常见的标志性的词语有以下几种: 结构层次:firstly, secondly, thirdly； 逻辑关系：thus, therefore, so； 递进关系：besides, whats more, further; 转折关系：but, while, however等。,3. 利用语篇的标志性的词语解题,（2013三诊）

25、 Last summer a tronado hit a small town nearby.I saw, in the local newspaper. a picture of a young woman , a little boy and a younger 11 standing in front of a totally destroyed house,- 11 A man B woman C boy D girl Meghan nodded, trying to 22 (hold back ) her tears .“Lucy makes me happy,Mummy. Mayb

26、e shell make that little girl happy.too,复现词,How does a tooth go bad? The 51 begins in a little crack in the enamel (珐琅）covering of the tooth. This happens after germs and bits of food have collected there. Then the decay slowly spreads inside the tooth. In the end, poison goes into blood, and we may

27、 feel quite ill. 51. A. destruction B. decay C. fault D. hurt,上文中讲蛀牙如何产生。 空51和红体单词在意义上是一致的， 属于同义词复现现象。,the hard white outside layer,复现词,And video cameras can be used to _ peoples actions at home A. keep B. make C. record D. watch Soon I heard a_ like that of a door burst in and then a climb of feet.

28、 A sound B cry C voice D shout,10.利用主语暗示解题,嗓子发出声音,完形填空之 实战训练,1研究首尾，预测全文,（首句）Last summer a tronado hit a small town nearby. （尾句）Anyone can give away what they no longer need, but true generosity is giving what you 30（need）, I , who had meant to teach,was taught. 预测全文大意：一场台风袭击了一小镇，我，本来要教育孩子们捐赠，却被他们教育了

29、：真正的的捐赠就是把你需要的捐给别人。,2捕捉题眼，寻找契机 3跳身 避难就易 节省时间 4扫尾 复读全文 解决残余,（13三诊） Last summer a tronado hit a small town nearby.I saw, in the local newspaper. a picture of a young woman , a little boy and a younger 11 standing in front of a totally destroyed house, eyes wide open with12 . I noticed their clothing 1

30、3 closely matched ours. This would be a good opportunity to teach my children to help those less 14 . I 15 their situation to my seven-year-old twins,Brad and Martin, and 16 the boys to donate some of their less favorite toys.My little daughter,Meghan, 17 quitely when the boys piled up the old toys.

31、 After a while,Meghan walked up 18 lucy,her much-loved doll,11. A. man B. woman C. boy D. girl 12.A.fear B.anger C.pity D.sympathy 13. A. brands B. colors C. sizes D. prices 14. A. optimistic B. thankful C. fortunate D. wealthy 15.A.announced B. explained C. demonstratedD.translated 16.A.encouraged

32、B.commandeded C. requested D.allowed 17. A. waited B. behaved C. counted D watched 18. A. to B. with C. by D. for,原词重现,语境理解,排除法,语境-词义,前后对等结构分析（23）,语境-词义,语境-词义,原词重现（25）,19 tightly to her chest. She put her round little 20 into Lucys ,giving her a final kiss,and then laid her 21 on top of the others.Oh,honey,I said.you dont have to give Lucy.You love her so much. Meghan nodded, trying to 22 her tears .“Lucy makes me happy,Mummy. Maybe shell make